Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsnъ
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From earlier *ěsknъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áiˀšknas. Morphologically equivalent to *ěska (“bright light”) + *-nъ. Akin with Lithuanian áiškus.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”)[1]. Compare Tocharian B yesäñ, Thracian Αι̃νος (Aĩnos, “Aenus”) (town in Eastern Thrace).
Adjective
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Indefinite declension of *ěsnъ (hard)
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *ěsnъ | *ěsna | *ěsno |
genitive | *ěsna | *ěsny | *ěsna |
dative | *ěsnu | *ěsně | *ěsnu |
accusative | *ěsnъ | *ěsnǫ | *ěsno |
instrumental | *ěsnomь | *ěsnojǫ | *ěsnomь |
locative | *ěsně | *ěsně | *ěsně |
vocative | *ěsne | *ěsno | *ěsno |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
genitive | *ěsnu | *ěsnu | *ěsnu |
dative | *ěsnoma | *ěsnama | *ěsnoma |
accusative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
instrumental | *ěsnoma | *ěsnama | *ěsnoma |
locative | *ěsnu | *ěsnu | *ěsnu |
vocative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *ěsni | *ěsny | *ěsna |
genitive | *ěsnъ | *ěsnъ | *ěsnъ |
dative | *ěsnomъ | *ěsnamъ | *ěsnomъ |
accusative | *ěsny | *ěsny | *ěsna |
instrumental | *ěsny | *ěsnami | *ěsny |
locative | *ěsněxъ | *ěsnaxъ | *ěsněxъ |
vocative | *ěsni | *ěsny | *ěsna |
Definite declension of *ěsnъ (hard)
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnaja | *ěsnoje |
genitive | *ěsnajego | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnajego |
dative | *ěsnujemu | *ěsněji | *ěsnujemu |
accusative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnǫjǫ | *ěsnoje |
instrumental | *ěsnyjimь | *ěsnǫjǫ | *ěsnyjimь |
locative | *ěsnějemь | *ěsněji | *ěsnějemь |
vocative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnaja | *ěsnoje |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
genitive | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju |
dative | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima |
accusative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
instrumental | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima |
locative | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju |
vocative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *ěsniji | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnaja |
genitive | *ěsnъjixъ | *ěsnъjixъ | *ěsnъjixъ |
dative | *ěsnyjimъ | *ěsnyjimъ | *ěsnyjimъ |
accusative | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnaja |
instrumental | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnyjimi |
locative | *ěsnyjixъ | *ěsnyjixъ | *ěsnyjixъ |
vocative | *ěsniji | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnaja |
See also
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- *ěsno n (“clear sky”)
- Czech: jasno
- *ěsniti (“to make clear”)
- *ěsněti (“to be clear, visible”)
- *ěsъ, *ěsa (“clarity”) (back-formation)
- *ěsnota, *ěsnostь (“clarity”)
- *ěsninа (“clear sky”)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “я́сный”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěsknъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 51
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ясный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 474
- ясний in Горох.ua (етимологія)
- “aiškus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ě̀snъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 153: “adj. o (a) ‘clear’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “jasen”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ě̋snъ, *ja̋snъ”