Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/kali

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

Verb

*kali

1. to dig up; to excavate

Descendants

• Philippine
  • Batanic
    • Yami: kali
    • Ibatan: kadi
  • Northern Luzon
    • Ilocano: káli
    • Northeastern Luzon
      • Dupaningan Agta: kali
      • Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kale
    • Meso-Cordilleran
      • Central Cordilleran
        • Kankanaey: kelí
        • Northern Kankanay: kali
      • Southern Cordilleran
        • Pangasinan: kalí
        • Keley-I Kallahan: kalih
  • Central Luzon
    • Bolinao: kali
    • Abenlen Ayta: kali
    • Mag-Anchi Ayta: kali
  • Greater Central Philippine
    • Central Phillipine
      • Tagalog: kali
      • Visayan
        • Hiligaynon: káli
        • Tausug: kali'
      • Mansakan
        • Mansaka: kari
        • Tagakaulu Kalagan: kali'
    • South Mangyan
      • Hanunoo: kali
    • Danao
      • Maranao: kali
    • Subanen
      • Central Subanen: ali
    • Manobo
      • Ata Manobo: kali
      • Obo Manobo: kali
      • Agusan Manobo: kali
      • Cotabato Manobo: kali
      • Western Bukidnon Manobo: káli
    • Palawanic
      • Brooke's Point Palawano: kali
      • Central Palawano: kali
      • Aborlan Tagbanwa: kali
      • Central Tagbanwa: kali
    • Gorontalo–Mongondow
      • Mongondow: kali
  • Kalamian
    • Agutaynen: ali
    • Calamian Tagbanwa: ali
  • Minahasan
    • Tontemboan: kali
• Greater Barito
  • Sama–Bajaw
    • Central Sama: kali
    • Southern Sama: kali
    • Mapun: kali
    • Yakan: kali
  • East Barito
    • Malagasy: hady
• North Bornean
  • Northeast Sabahan
    • Ida'an: koli
    • Bonggi: kali
  • Southwest Sabahan
    • Dusunic
      • Rungus: kali
• Northeast Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  • Batak
    • Karo Batak: kali
    • Toba Batak: hali
• Malayo-Sumbawan
  • Malayic
    • Iban: kali
    • Malay: gali
      • Indonesian: gali
      • North Moluccan Malay: gale
    • Urak Lawoi': กาลี (kali)
  • Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    • Sasak: kaliq
    • Sumbawa: kali
  • Sundanese: ᮊᮜᮤ (kali)
• South Sulawesi
  • Tae': kali
  • Duri: kali
• Celebic
  • Muna–Buton
    • Muna: seli
• Central Malayo-Polynesian
  • Sumba–Flores
    • Western Flores
      • Manggarai: hali
      • Palu'e: kali
    • Sumba–Hawu
      • Dhao: kai
  • Flores–Lembata
    • Sika: gali
  • Kei–Tanimbar
    • Yamdena: n-kal
    • Fordata: kali
  • Timoric
    • Helong: gali
    • Uab Meto: hani
  • Aru
    • West Tarangan: kel
  • Central Maluku
    • Buru (Indonesia): kalik
• Chamorro: hali
• Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  • Halmahera–Cenderawasih
    • As: kail
  • Proto-Oceanic: *kali, *keli
    • Western Oceanic
      • North New Guinea
        • Bebeli: kel
        • Sengseng: kel
      • Papuan Tip
        • Saliba (New Guinea): keli
    • Central–Eastern Oceanic
      • Southern Oceanic
        • Tiale: eli
        • Amblong: el
      • Central Pacific
        • Proto-Polynesian: *kali, *keli
          • Tongic
            • Tongan: keli
            • Niuean: keli
          • Nuclear Polynesian
            • Samoic
              • Samoan: eli
              • Tokelauan: keli
            • Eastern Polynesian
              • Marquesic
                • Hawaiian: ʻeli, ʻali
                • Mangarevan: keri, kari
                • North Marquesan: keʻi, kaʻi
              • Tahitic
                • Maori: keri, kari
                • Rarotongan: keri
              • Rapa Nui: keri

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kali.

Noun

*kali

1. canal
2. ditch

Descendants

• Philippine
  • Northern Luzon
    • Ilocano: kali
    • Keley-I Kallahan: kalih
  • Central Philippine
    • Bikol Central: kali
    • Masbatenyo: kali
• East Barito
  • Malagasy: hady
• Old Javanese: kali
  • Javanese: ꦏꦭꦶ (kali)
    • → Betawi: kali
    • → Dutch: kali
    • → Indonesian: kali
    • → Malay: kali

References

• Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *kali.