Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éwh₂os

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction

On the basis of the geminate "ḫ" in Hittite "ḫuḫḫa-", Kloekhorst concludes that it cannot reflect a diphthong, which is contradicted by Eichner's lenition law. Therefore, he argues that an athematic ablauting paradigm should be reconstructed instead.

Noun

*h₂éwh₂os m (non-ablauting)^[1]^[2]

maternal grandfather
maternal uncle

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*h₂éwh₂os
genitive	*h₂éwh₂osyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂éwh₂os	*h₂éwh₂oh₁	*h₂éwh₂oes
vocative	*h₂éwh₂e	*h₂éwh₂oh₁	*h₂éwh₂oes
accusative	*h₂éwh₂om	*h₂éwh₂oh₁	*h₂éwh₂oms
genitive	*h₂éwh₂osyo	*?	*h₂éwh₂oHom
ablative	*h₂éwh₂ead	*?	h₂éwh₂omos, h₂éwh₂obʰos
dative	*h₂éwh₂oey	*?	h₂éwh₂omos, h₂éwh₂obʰos
locative	h₂éwh₂ey, h₂éwh₂oy	*?	*h₂éwh₂oysu
instrumental	*h₂éwh₂oh₁	*?	*h₂éwh₂ōys

Alternative reconstructions

*h₂éwh₂s ~ *h₂uh₂ós^[3]

Derived terms

*h₂éwh₂-h₂ ~ *h₂uh₂-és (“grandmother”)
- Proto-Italic: *awā
  - Latin: ava (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *awǭ (see there for further descendants)
*h₂éwh₂-ō ~ *h₂uh₂-nés^[4]^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *awū (“uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *awô (“grandfather”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *awō
  - ⇒ Latin: avunculus (“maternal uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂ewh₂-yó-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀis, *auˀjas
  - Old Prussian: awis (“uncle”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *ujь (“maternal uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀinas
    - Lithuanian: avynas (“maternal uncle”)
    - Proto-Slavic:
      - Bulgarian: ву́йна (vújna, “uncle's wife”), (dialectal) у́йна (újna)
- Proto-Celtic: *auyos
  - Primitive Irish: ᚐᚃᚔ (avi, “descendant”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Gaulish: aua (“granddaughter”)^[7]

Descendants

Anatolian:
- Carian: 𐊨𐊲𐊨 (quq, “grandfather”)^[8]
- Hittite: 𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as, “grandfather”)^[8]^[9]
- Luwian:^[8]^[9]
  Luwian: 𒄷𒌋𒄩 (ḫūḫa-, “grandfather”)
  
  Luwian: 𔕳𔓷 (huha-, “grandfather”)
- Lycian: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)^[8]^[9]
- Lydian: 𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮 (kukas, “grandfather”)
- Milyan: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)^[8]
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: հաւ (haw) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *awos
- Latin: avus (“grandfather”) (see there for further descendants)
Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: āwe^[10]

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “au̯o-s”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 89
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*awa/ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 44
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*awon-tīr, *awon-tro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 48
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “avus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 66
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 49–50
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Bianconi, Michele (2021) Linguistic and Cultural Interactions between Greece and Anatolia: In Search of the Golden Fleece, Leiden: Brill Publishers, →ISBN, pages 119-120
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 351-352
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 61

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “au̯o-s”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 89

[2] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[3] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411

[4] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*awa/ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 44

[5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*awon-tīr, *awon-tro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 48

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “avus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 66

[7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 49–50

[Bianconi-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Bianconi, Michele (2021) Linguistic and Cultural Interactions between Greece and Anatolia: In Search of the Golden Fleece, Leiden: Brill Publishers, →ISBN, pages 119-120

[Kloekhorst-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 351-352

[10] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 61

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