Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þerbaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to stiffen”), Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”).[1]
Older theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (“rigid; stiff; restricted; tight”), from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]*þerbaz
- unleavened (of bread)
- fresh (of liquid)
Inflection
[edit]Declension of *þerbaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *þerbaz | *þerbai | *þerbō | *þerbôz | *þerbą, -atō | *þerbō |
| Accusative | *þerbanǭ | *þerbanz | *þerbǭ | *þerbōz | *þerbą, -atō | *þerbō |
| Genitive | *þerbas, -is | *þerbaizǫ̂ | *þerbaizōz | *þerbaizǫ̂ | *þerbas, -is | *þerbaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *þerbammai | *þerbaimaz | *þerbaizōi | *þerbaimaz | *þerbammai | *þerbaimaz |
| Instrumental | *þerbanō | *þerbaimiz | *þerbaizō | *þerbaimiz | *þerbanō | *þerbaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *þerbô | *þerbaniz | *þerbǭ | *þerbōniz | *þerbô | *þerbōnō |
| Accusative | *þerbanų | *þerbanunz | *þerbōnų | *þerbōnunz | *þerbô | *þerbōnō |
| Genitive | *þerbiniz | *þerbanǫ̂ | *þerbōniz | *þerbōnǫ̂ | *þerbiniz | *þerbanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *þerbini | *þerbammaz | *þerbōni | *þerbōmaz | *þerbini | *þerbammaz |
| Instrumental | *þerbinē | *þerbammiz | *þerbōnē | *þerbōmiz | *þerbinē | *þerbammiz |
Descendants
[edit]- Old English: þeorf, þorof
- Old Frisian: therf, derf; therve, derve
- Old Saxon: thervi, tharvi
- Middle Low German: derve
- Old Dutch: *therf
- Old High German: derb, derp
- Old Norse: þjarfr