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Hungarian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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  1. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective denoting possession or similarity. It is used only in parasynthetic compounds, requiring a preceding adjective or a compound structure. Similar in function to English -ed.
    nagy (big) + láb (foot)nagy lábú ember (a man with big feet / a big-footed man)
    vörös (red) + haj (hair)vörös hajú (redheaded)
  2. (obsolete present-participle suffix) Found today only in a few words such as homorú (concave, adjective), szigorú (strict, adjective), nyomorú (miserable, adjective).

Usage notes

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  • (adjective-forming suffix): Variants:
    is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -jú is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
    -jű is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
  • (present-participle suffix) Variants:
    is added to back-vowel verbs
    is added to front-vowel verbs
    is added to back-vowel verbs, obsolete
    homorú, nyomorú, szigorú
    is added to front-vowel verbs, obsolete
    keserű, seprű

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative -úak
accusative -út -úakat
dative -únak -úaknak
instrumental -úval -úakkal
causal-final -úért -úakért
translative -úvá -úakká
terminative -úig -úakig
essive-formal -úként -úakként
essive-modal
inessive -úban -úakban
superessive -ún -úakon
adessive -únál -úaknál
illative -úba -úakba
sublative -úra -úakra
allative -úhoz -úakhoz
elative -úból -úakból
delative -úról -úakról
ablative -útól -úaktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
-úé -úaké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
-úéi -úakéi

Derived terms

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See also

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Irish

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Etymology 1

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From -aigh +‎ -adh.

Alternative forms

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Suffix

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 m

  1. Regular verbal noun of second-conjugation verbs, notably verbs in -aigh.
    tosaigh (begin) + ‎ → ‎tosú (commencement)
    uraigh (eclipse, verb) + ‎ → ‎urú (eclipse, noun)
Declension
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Irish -mad, from Proto-Celtic *-metos; compare Welsh -fed. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic -amh.

Alternative forms

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Suffix

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  1. -th (suffix forming ordinal numbers)
    ocht (eight) + ‎ → ‎ochtú (eighth)
Derived terms
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