𑀙

𑀙 U+11019, 𑀙 BRAHMI LETTER CHA ← 𑀘 [U+11018] Brahmi 𑀚 → [U+1101A]

Translingual

Letter

𑀙 (ca)

1. the seventh Brahmi consonant

Descendants

• Tocharian: (cha)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• cha (Latin script)
• छ (Devanagari script)
• ছ (Bengali script)
• ඡ (Sinhalese script)
• ဆ or ꧡ (Burmese script)
• ฉ or ฉะ (Thai script)
• ᨨ (Tai Tham script)
• ຉ or ຉະ (Lao script)
• ឆ (Khmer script)
• 𑄍 (Chakma script)

Numeral

𑀙 (cha)

1. Brahmi script form of cha (“six”)

Declension

Optionally indeclinable.

Declension table of "𑀙"

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀙 (cha)
Accusative (second)	𑀙 (cha)
Instrumental (third)	𑀙𑀳𑀺 (chahi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀙𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀁 (channaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀙𑀳𑀺 (chahi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀙𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀁 (channaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀙𑀲𑀼 (chasu)

Prakrit

Prakrit numbers ^(edit)

	60
←  5	𑁬 6	7  →
Cardinal: 𑀙 (cha)     Ordinal: 𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞 (saṭṭha), 𑀙𑀝𑁆𑀞 (chaṭṭha)

Etymology

PIE word
*swéḱs

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀙 (*cha), 𑀱 (ṣa), from Sanskrit 𑀱𑁆𑀯𑀱𑁆 (*ṣváṣ), 𑀱𑀱𑁆 (ṣáṣ).

Numeral

𑀙 (cha) (Devanagari छ, Gujarati છ, Kannada ಛ) (Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī) (cardinal number)

1. six

Descendants

• Central:
  • Shauraseni Prakrit:
    • Domaaki:
    • Old Gujarati: छ (cha)
      • Gujarati: છ (cha)
      • Marwari: छः (chaḥ)
    • Old Hindi: षट (ṣaṭa)
      • Hindustani: chah

        Hindi: छह

        Urdu: چھہ

    • Romani: śov, shov (Anglicized), šov (Pan-Vlax)
• Dardic:
  • Dameli: ṣō
  • Kalami: [script needed] (ṣuə), [script needed] (ṣɔ)
  • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (šōh), [script needed] (ṣō)
  • Kalasha: [script needed] (ṣɔ)
  • Kashmiri:
    • Arabic script: شےٚ (śe)
    • Devanagari script: शॆ (śe)
  • Grangali: ṣō
  • Phalura: ݜوۡ (ṣʷo), ݜو (ṣo), ݜوھ (ṣoʰ)
  • Savi: [script needed] (ṣōᵘ), [script needed] (ṣū)
  • Shina: ݜ (ṣa), [script needed] (ṣua)
    • Kohistani Shina: ݜوا (ṣvā)
  • Shumashti: [script needed] (ṣọo)
  • Tirahi: [script needed] (xᵘọ̈̄)
  • Torwali: [script needed] (ṣōᵘ)
  • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (šō)
  • Gawar-Bati: ݭو (ṣᵘō)
• Eastern:
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Assamese: ছয় (soy)
    • Bihari:
      • Maithili: chaō

        Devanagari script: छओ

        Tirhuta script: 𑒕𑒍

      • Fiji Hindi: chhe
    • Bishnupriya Manipuri: ছয়
    • Bengali: ছয় (choẏ)
    • Odia: ଛଅ (chaa)
    • Rohingya: só
    • Sylheti: ꠍꠄ (sóe)
• Northern:
  • Nepali: छ (cha)
  • Western Pahari:
    • Bhadrawahi: śāh

      Arabic script: شاح

      Devanagari script: शाह

• Southern:
  • Elu Prakrit:
    • Dhivehi: ސަ (sa), ހަ (ha)
    • Sinhalese: හය (haya)
  • Maharashtri Prakrit:
    • Konkani: sa

      Devanagari script: स

      Kannada script: ಸ

      Latin script: so, sov

    • Old Marathi: sā, sāhā

      Devanagari script: सा, साहा

      Modi script: 𑘭𑘰, 𑘭𑘰𑘮𑘰

      • Marathi: सहा (sahā)
• Western:
  • Old Punjabi: ਛਿਅ (chia), ਖਟੁ (khaṭu)
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਛੇ (che)

      Shahmukhi script: چھ (ch)

  • Sindhi:

    Arabic script: ڇَھَہ

    Devanagari script: छह

• → Proto-Nuristani:
  • Kamkata-viri: [script needed] (ṣū)
  • Waigali: [script needed] (ṣū)
  • Prasuni: uṣū, wuṣu

Further reading

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “छ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 333.
• Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 317
• Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 11.
• Sen, Sukumar (1960) A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan, Linguistic Society of India, page 134.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ṣáṣ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 743