騶虞

Chinese

		go; mythical animal	forewarned; peace; worry
trad. (騶虞)		騶	虞
simp. (驺虞)		驺	虞

Etymology

Behr (2004b) groups this among several zoonyms (like 狻猊 and 獅子) in ancient Chinese texts to denote lions. See those two for etymology.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zōuyú

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄡ ㄩˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹ jyu⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zōuyú
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄡ ㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zouyú
    • Wade–Giles: tsou¹-yü²
    • Yale: dzōu-yú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzouyu
    • Palladius: цзоуюй (czoujuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ y³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zau¹ jyu⁴
    • Yale: jāu yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹ jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹ yu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ jyː²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsrjuw ngju

Rime
Character	騶	虞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	側鳩切	遇俱切
Baxter	tsrjuw	ngju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨu/	/ŋɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂiu/	/ŋio/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃiəu/	/ŋio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂuw/	/ŋuə̆/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiu/	/ŋio/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭəu/	/ŋĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi̯ə̯u/	/ŋi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau1	jyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤro  [ŋ]ʷ(r)a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsru  ŋʷa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	騶	虞	虞
Reading #	2/2	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zōu	yú	yú
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrjuw ›	‹ ngju ›	‹ ngju ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁro/	/*[ŋ]ʷ(r)a/	/*[ŋ]ʷ(r)a/
English	groom	foresee	gamester; forester
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	騶	虞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1595	13103
Phonetic component	芻	吴
Rime group	幽	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	鄒
Old Chinese	/*ʔsru/	/*ŋʷa/

Noun

騶虞

1. (Chinese mythology) zouyu (a white beast with black stripes)

   • 彼茁者葭、壹發五豝。于嗟乎騶虞。彼茁者蓬、壹發五豵。于嗟乎騶虞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     彼茁者葭、壹发五豝。于嗟乎驺虞。彼茁者蓬、壹发五𫎆。于嗟乎驺虞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Bǐ zhuó zhě jiā, yī fā wǔ bā. Yú jiēhū zōuyú. Bǐ zhuó zhě péng, yī fā wǔ zōng. Yú jiēhū zōuyú. [Pinyin]

     Strong and abundant grow the rushes; He discharges [but] one arrow at five wild sows. Ah! he is the Zou-yu!
     Strong and abundant grow the artemisia; He discharges [but] one arrow at five wild piglets. Ah! he is the Zou-yu!

   • 騶虞不虛來，鸑鷟有時鳴。 [MSC, trad.]
     驺虞不虚来，𬸚𬸦有时鸣。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 李白 Li Bai, 《古風．十三》"In the Old Manners - 13", 8th century

     Zōuyú bùxū lái, yuèzhuó yǒushí míng. [Pinyin]

     The Zouyu comes not in vain; the Yuezhuo chirps now and then.

2. (historical) official in charge of animals
3. (historical) ceremonial tune for an archery ceremony

   • 其節：天子以《騶虞》為節；諸侯以《貍首》為節；卿大夫以《采蘋》為節；士以《采繁》為節。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     其节：天子以《驺虞》为节；诸侯以《狸首》为节；卿大夫以《采苹》为节；士以《采繁》为节。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Qí jié: tiānzǐ yǐ “zōuyú” wèi jié; zhūhóu yǐ “líshǒu” wèi jié; qīngdàfū yǐ “cǎipíng” wèi jié; shì yǐ “cǎifán” wèi jié. [Pinyin]

     To regulate (the discharging of the arrows), there was, in the case of the son of Heaven, the playing of the Zou-yu; in the case of the feudal lords, that of the Li-shou; in the case of the dignitaries, the great officers, that of the Cai-ping; and in the case of officers, that of the Cai-fan.

4. Alternative form of 狻猊 (suānní)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (騶虞):

• → Japanese: 騶(すう)虞(ぐ) (sūgu)
• → Korean: 추우(騶虞) (chuu)
• → Vietnamese: Sô Ngu (騶虞)