須
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]須 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹一月金 (HHMBC), four-corner 21286, composition ⿰彡頁)
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]- 须 (Simplified form of 須 and 鬚 in mainland China)
Descendants
[edit]- ス (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1399, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43352
- Dae Jaweon: page 1916, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4358, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9808
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 須 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 须* | |
alternative forms | 湏 ⿰⿱分巾頁 ⿰⿱分立頁 ⿰⿱分豆頁 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 須 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) : 彡 (“hair”) + 頁 (“head”) – a head with hair on its side – beard; whiskers — original character of 鬚 (OC *so). Originally a single picture, but abstracted in the seal script into a compound.
Etymology 1
[edit]- “to wait”
- Schuessler (2007), reconstructing the Old Chinese as *sno, suggests that it is probably a causative derivation from 懦 (OC *njo, “weak; soft”), literally “to make (time) pliant”.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sî
- Northern Min (KCR): sṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syu
- Wade–Giles: hsü1
- Yale: syū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: seoi1
- Yale: sēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: soey1
- Guangdong Romanization: sêu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
- Hakka Romanization System: xiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xi1
- Sinological IPA: /si²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /sy⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /sy⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
- Tâi-lô: su
- Phofsit Daibuun: sw
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /su³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
- Tâi-lô: si
- Phofsit Daibuun: sy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: su1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: su
- Sinological IPA (key): /su³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: sju
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]o/
- (Zhengzhang): /*so/
Definitions
[edit]須
- must; have to; should
- (alt. form 䇓/𰩧, 𩓣) † to wait
- (alt. form 需) † to need
- (literary) to halt; to bring to an end
- (literary) to use
- (literary, or in compounds) short moment
- a surname: Xu
Synonyms
[edit]- 使出 (shǐchū)
- 使用 (shǐyòng)
- 利用 (lìyòng)
- 動用/动用 (dòngyòng)
- 取用 (qǔyòng)
- 吸納/吸纳 (xīnà)
- 善用 (shànyòng) (to put to good use)
- 套用 (tàoyòng) (to apply mechanically)
- 實用/实用 (shíyòng)
- 應用/应用 (yìngyòng)
- 採用/采用 (cǎiyòng)
- 採納/采纳 (cǎinà)
- 搬 (bān) (to apply mechanically)
- 搬動/搬动 (bāndòng)
- 施用 (shīyòng)
- 沿用 (yányòng) (to continue to use)
- 用 (yòng)
- 硬套 (yìngtào) (to apply mechanically)
- 起動/起动 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 運用/运用 (yùnyòng)
- 錄用/录用 (lùyòng)
- (to halt):
- 中斷/中断 (zhōngduàn)
- 中止 (zhōngzhǐ)
- 休止 (xiūzhǐ)
- 停 (tíng)
- 停歇 (tíngxiē)
- 停止 (tíngzhǐ)
- 夭閼/夭阏 (yǎo'è)
- 干休 (gānxiū) (literary)
- 放煞 (Min Nan)
- 斷站/断站 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 斷節/断节 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 暫停/暂停 (zàntíng) (temporarily)
- 歇 (xiē)
- 止 (zhǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
- 止息 (zhǐxī)
- 止煞 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 瀦/潴 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 煞 (Hokkien)
- 煞手 (Hokkien)
- 甘休 (gānxiū) (to be willing to give up)
- 終止/终止 (zhōngzhǐ)
- 絕/绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 罷/罢
- 罷休/罢休 (bàxiū) (chiefly in the negative)
- 罷手/罢手 (bàshǒu)
- 間斷/间断
- 頓/顿
- (short moment):
Usage notes
[edit]For the sense of "must" or "need to", this word is frequently mistaken with 需 (xū). 須/须 is usually followed by a verb or an adverb while 需 is usually followed by a noun.
Compounds
[edit]- 不時之須/不时之须
- 不須/不须 (bùxū)
- 也須/也须
- 些須/些须 (xiēxū)
- 何須/何须 (héxū)
- 但須/但须
- 便須/便须
- 務須/务须 (wùxū)
- 只須/只须
- 女大須嫁/女大须嫁
- 女長須嫁/女长须嫁
- 必須/必须 (bìxū)
- 急須/急须 (jíxū)
- 應須/应须
- 摩厲以須/摩厉以须
- 斯須/斯须 (sīxū)
- 是須/是须
- 會須/会须 (huìxū)
- 毋須/毋须 (wúxū)
- 無須/无须 (wúxū)
- 直須/直须 (zhíxū)
- 相須為命/相须为命
- 相須而行/相须而行
- 磨厲以須/磨厉以须
- 磨礪以須/磨砺以须
- 終須/终须
- 肩須拍/肩须拍
- 莫須有/莫须有 (mòxūyǒu)
- 須不是/须不是
- 須彌/须弥 (Xūmí)
- 須彌山/须弥山 (Xūmí)
- 須彌座/须弥座 (Xūmí zuò)
- 須待/须待
- 須慮/须虑 (xūlǜ)
- 須捷/须捷
- 須是/须是
- 須然/须然
- 須用/须用
- 須留/须留 (xūliú)
- 須眉/须眉 (xūméi)
- 須知/须知 (xūzhī)
- 須索/须索
- 須至/须至
- 須臾/须臾 (xūyú)
- 須要/须要 (xūyào)
- 須陀洹/须陀洹
Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 須 – see 鬚 (“beard; whisker; antenna; feeler; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 鬚). |
Notes:
|
References
[edit]- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04541
- “須”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]須
- mandatory, necessary
- moment, short while
- kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: す (su, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
- Kun: すべからく (subekaraku, 須く); もちいる (mochiiru, 須いる)←もちゐる (motiwiru, 須ゐる, historical); もとめる (motomeru, 須める)
- Nanori: まつ (matsu); もち (mochi); もとむ (motomu)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Usage notes
[edit]Used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨su⟩ and ⟨zu⟩.
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]須 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Tày
[edit]Noun
[edit]須 (transliteration needed)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References
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- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading もち・ゐる
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