翁
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]翁 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金戈尸一 (CISM), four-corner 80127, composition ⿱公羽)
Derived characters
[edit]- 傟, 嗡, 塕, 𡟸, 𡻐, 慃, 㨣, 滃, 㺋, 𫕎, 暡, 㮬, 𤌏, 䐥, 瞈, 𥕀, 𬓵, 𧛹, 𢐢, 聬, 螉, 𧷜, 𨉳, 𨎃, 鎓(𬭩), 𦒙, 䩺, 𩡓, 𩥛, 䱵(𮬢)
- 𠃽, 勜, 𨜺, 𪴱, 𦫫, 𩔚, 𦒥, 鶲(鹟), 𡩥, 嵡, 蓊, 䈵, 𩄘, 𩮬, 𤹗
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 955, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28635
- Dae Jaweon: page 1401, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3343, character 10
- Unihan data for U+7FC1
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 翁 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 翁 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
慃 | *qroːŋʔ |
袞 | *kluːnʔ |
蔉 | *kluːnʔ |
滾 | *kluːnʔ |
忩 | *sʰloːŋ |
鬆 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ |
凇 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
公 | *kloːŋ |
蚣 | *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ |
翁 | *qloːŋ |
螉 | *qloːŋ |
蓊 | *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ |
嗡 | *qloːŋ |
滃 | *qloːŋʔ |
暡 | *qloːŋʔ |
勜 | *qloːŋʔ |
塕 | *qloːŋʔ |
瓮 | *qloːŋs |
崧 | *sqʰluŋ |
菘 | *sqʰluŋ |
硹 | *sqʰluŋ |
淞 | *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
蜙 | *sqʰloŋ |
倯 | *sqʰloŋ |
松 | *sɢloŋ |
訟 | *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs |
頌 | *sɢloŋs, *loŋ |
忪 | *kljoŋ |
彸 | *kljoŋ |
衳 | *kljoŋ |
伀 | *kljoŋ |
妐 | *kljoŋ |
炂 | *kljoŋ |
鈆 | *kljoŋ, *lon |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *qloːŋ) : phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ) + semantic 羽 (“wings”). Originally representing the meaning “feathers”, it was later loaned to mean “old man” and similar senses, by association with the semantic 公.
Etymology 1
[edit]Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Mizo ung (“to be old, elderly, aged; to be venerable, antique, ancient; to be of long standing, to be an old inhabitant, to be an old stager (v.; adj.)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Baxter & Sagart (2017) included 翁 (OC *qˤoŋ) "old man" in the same word-family as 公 (OC *C.qˤoŋ) "father, prince" and 妐 (OC *t-qoŋ) "husband's father".
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ong1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): veng1
- Northern Min (KCR): é̤ng / ó̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): ŭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1on
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngong1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wong
- Wade–Giles: wêng1
- Yale: wēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ueng
- Palladius: вэн (vɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wəŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ong1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: weng
- Sinological IPA (key): /oŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jung1
- Yale: yūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: jung1
- Guangdong Romanization: yung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yuung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɵŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /uŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vûng
- Hakka Romanization System: vungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: vung1
- Sinological IPA: /vuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: veng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /və̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: é̤ng / ó̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /œyŋ⁵⁴/, /ɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /uŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- ang - vernacular (incl. surname in Taiwan);
- ong - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ang1 / ong1 / êng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ang / ong / eng
- Sinological IPA (key): /aŋ³³/, /oŋ³³/, /eŋ³³/
- ang1 - vernacular;
- ong1 - literary;
- êng1 - vernacular (surname).
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 翁 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /uəŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /uəŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /vəŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /vəŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ɣəŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /uəŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /uŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /uə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /vəŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /və̃n³¹/ /kũn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /vɤŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /oŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /oŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /oŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /oŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /oŋ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /əŋ⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /vəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /uŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /və̃ŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /oŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /oŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔoŋ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /oŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /uʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /an¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ŋoŋ³³/ |
Xiangtan | /uən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /uŋ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /vuŋ⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /vuŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /joŋ⁵⁵/ |
Nanning | /juŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /juŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ɔŋ⁵⁵/ /aŋ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /oŋ³³/ /eŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /oŋ²³/ /aŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: 'uwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤoŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qloːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]翁
- elderly man
- 孤舟蓑笠翁,獨釣寒江雪。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: late 8th, early 9th century,《江雪》("River Snow"), by 柳宗元 (Liu Zongyuan).
- Gūzhōu suōlì wēng, dú diào hán jiāng xuě. [Pinyin]
- In a lonely boat, an old man, wearing a straw-cape and bamboo-hat, fished alone amid the cold river snow.
孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, or in compounds) father
- 漢王曰:「吾與項羽俱北面受命懷王,曰『約為兄弟。』吾翁即若翁,必欲烹而翁,則幸分我一桮羹。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Hànwáng yuē: “Wú yǔ Xiàng Yǔ jù běimiàn shòumìng Huáiwáng, yuē ‘yuē wéi xiōngdì.’ Wú wēng jí ruò wēng, bì yù pēng ér wēng, zé xìng fēn wǒ yī bēi gēng.” [Pinyin]
- The King of Han said: "I and Xiang Yu faced the North, received orders from King Huai, and said: 'We swear a pact of brotherhood'; my father is your father. If you want to boil your father alive, it'll surely be good that you deal out to me a bowl of soup."
汉王曰:「吾与项羽俱北面受命怀王,曰『约为兄弟。』吾翁即若翁,必欲烹而翁,则幸分我一桮羹。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 王師北定中原日,家祭毋忘告乃翁。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1210, 陸游 (Lu You), 示兒
- Wángshī běi dìng zhōngyuán rì, jiājì wú wàng gào nǎi wēng. [Pinyin]
- On the day the Song army reconquers the Central Plain in the North, do not forget to inform your father when making offerings to your ancestors.
王师北定中原日,家祭毋忘告乃翁。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, or in compounds) father of one's husband or wife
- 翁婿 ― wēngxù ― father-in-law and son-in-law
- (Southern Min) husband
- 翁仔某 [Hokkien] ― ang-á-bó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― husband and wife
- (obsolete) the feathers of a bird's neck
- 翁:頸毛也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2nd century CE
- Wēng: jǐng máo yě. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
翁:颈毛也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
- 翁同龢 ― Wēng Tónghé ― Weng Tonghe (Qing dynasty government official)
- 翁清海 ― Wēng Qīnghǎi ― Vincent Ng (Singaporean martial artist and former actor)
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不倒翁 (bùdǎowēng)
- 主人翁 (zhǔrénwēng)
- 主翁
- 乃翁
- 信天翁 (xìntiānwēng)
- 冰翁
- 南極仙翁/南极仙翁
- 塞翁失馬/塞翁失马 (sàiwēngshīmǎ)
- 大富翁 (Dàfùwēng)
- 太翁
- 富家翁
- 富翁 (fùwēng)
- 封翁
- 尊翁 (zūnwēng)
- 撾婦翁/挝妇翁
- 放翁
- 東翁/东翁
- 樂翁/乐翁
- 渤翁
- 漁翁/渔翁 (yúwēng)
- 漁翁之利/渔翁之利 (yúwēngzhīlì)
- 漁翁得利/渔翁得利
- 田舍翁
- 白頭翁/白头翁 (báitóuwēng)
- 百萬富翁/百万富翁 (bǎiwàn fùwēng)
- 翁主
- 翁仲
- 翁姑 (wēnggū)
- 翁婿 (ang-sài) (Min Nan)
- 翁某 (ang-bó͘) (Min Nan)
- 翁蛤
- 翁長/翁长
- 老翁 (lǎowēng)
- 葛仙翁
- 親家翁/亲家翁 (qìngjiāwēng)
- 親翁/亲翁
- 詩翁/诗翁
- 醉翁
- 醉翁之意
- 醉翁亭
- 阿家翁
- 阿翁
- 頭翁/头翁
- 麻衣仙翁
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jung1
- Yale: yūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: jung1
- Guangdong Romanization: yung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]翁
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wǒng
- Wade–Giles: wêng3
- Yale: wěng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woeng
- Palladius: вэн (vɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wəŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]翁
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #6508”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 翁 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
翁󠄂 翁+ 󠄂 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
![]() |
翁󠄄 翁+ 󠄄 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]- King
- old man
- venerable gentleman
Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
翁 |
おう Grade: S |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 翁 (MC 'uwng).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Noun
[edit]Suffix
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
翁 |
おきな Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 翁 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 翁, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]翁 (eum 옹 (ong))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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- ja:Age
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