穿鑿

Chinese

		to bore through; pierce; perforate to bore through; pierce; perforate; penetrate; pass through; to dress; to wear; to put on; to thread	chisel
trad. (穿鑿)		穿	鑿
simp. (穿凿)		穿	凿

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuānzáo, chuānzuò

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄢ ㄗㄠˊ, ㄔㄨㄢ ㄗㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun¹ zok⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhoan-chha̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuānzáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢ ㄗㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuanzáo
    • Wade–Giles: chʻuan¹-tsao²
    • Yale: chwān-dzáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuantzaur
    • Palladius: чуаньцзао (čuanʹczao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuānzuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuanzuò
    • Wade–Giles: chʻuan¹-tso⁴
    • Yale: chwān-dzwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuantzuoh
    • Palladius: чуаньцзо (čuanʹczo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cyun¹ zok⁶
    • Yale: chyūn johk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn¹ dzok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun¹ zog⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoan-chha̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tshuan-tsha̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoanzhak
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan³³ t͡sʰak̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰak̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰak̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyhwen dzuwk|dzak

Rime
Character	穿	鑿	鑿
Reading #	1/2	1/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)	從 (15)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)	屋 (3)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	昌緣切	昨木切	在各切
Baxter	tsyhwen	dzuwk	dzak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/	/d͡zuk̚/	/d͡zɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰʷiɛn/	/d͡zuk̚/	/d͡zɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjuæn/	/d͡zuk̚/	/d͡zɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰwian/	/d͡zəwk̚/	/d͡zak̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiuɛn/	/d͡zuk̚/	/d͡zɑk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭwɛn/	/d͡zuk̚/	/d͡zɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯wɛn/	/d͡zʱuk̚/	/d͡zʱɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuān	zú	zuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun1	zuk6	zok6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰo[n]  [dz]ˤawk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰljon  zoːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穿	鑿	鑿
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuān	záo	záo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhwen ›	‹ dzak ›	‹ dzowk ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰo[n]/	/*[dz]ˁawk/	/*[dz]ˁawk/
English	bore through	chisel	chisel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穿	鑿	鑿	鑿
Reading #	1/2	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	1638	18072	18073	18074
Phonetic component	穿	丵	丵	丵
Rime group	元	藥	藥	屋
Rime subdivision	3	3	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	穿	昨	昨	族
Old Chinese	/*kʰljon/	/*zoːwɢ/	/*zoːwɢ/	/*zoːwɢ/

Verb

穿鑿

1. to dig; to open up
2. (figurative) to give an implausible and far-fetched interpretation

Derived terms

• 妄生穿鑿／妄生穿凿
• 穿鑿附會／穿凿附会 (chuānzáofùhuì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (穿鑿):

• → Japanese: 穿鑿(せんさく) (sensaku); 穿鑿(せんざく) (senzaku)
• → Korean: 천착(穿鑿) (cheonchak)
• → Vietnamese: xuyên tạc (穿鑿)