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煤

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
煤 U+7164, 煤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7164
← 煣
[U+7163] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 煥 →
[U+7165]

Translingual

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Han character

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煤 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火廿一木 (FTMD), four-corner 94894, composition ⿰火某)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 677, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19220
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1088, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2214, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+7164

Chinese

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trad. 煤
simp. # 煤
2nd round simp. 𭳿

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (某) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
某 *mɯʔ
謀 *mɯ
媒 *mɯː
煤 *mɯː
腜 *mɯː
禖 *mɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 某 (OC *mɯʔ).

Etymology

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to 火, PST *mej?”

Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possibilities:

  • Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-mu² (“soot; acrid (smoke)”). If related, a merger of Minimal Old Chinese *ə with *o must have occurred.
  • Cognate with Mizo mang (maŋᴿ), man (manᴸ, “sooty”), Mizo mang (maŋᴴ, “partially burnt wood”).

文 (OC *mɯn) may be a derivation with -n nominal suffix. 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”) may be an allofam. Unrelated to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”) according to Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation

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Note: mei2 - found in 無煙煤.
Note:
  • bhue5 - vernacular;
  • bhui5 - literary.
Rime
Character 煤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫杯切
Baxter mwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muoi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwəj/
Li
Rong 		/muᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/muɒi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/muɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		méi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mui4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 煤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		méi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁə/
English soot; coal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 煤
Reading # 1/1
No. 9278
Phonetic
component 		某
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		枚
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯː/
Notes 見呂氏春秋

Definitions

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煤

  1. coal (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c)
  2. † dust of smoke; soot
  3. † ink

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 煤 (“coal”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 煤, 烏金
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 煤, 煤炭
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 煤
Taiwan 煤
Chengde 煤
Chifeng 煤
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 煤
Heihe 煤
Qiqihar 煤, 炭 mined
Harbin 煤
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 煤
Jiamusi 煤
Baicheng 煤
Changchun 煤
Tonghua 煤, 炭 mined
Shenyang 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Jinzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 煤
Tangshan 煤
Cangzhou 煤
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 煤
Baoding 煤
Shijiazhuang 煤, 炭 fuel
Lijin 煤
Jinan 煤, 炭
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 煤
Dandong 煤
Yantai 煤
Qingdao 煤
Zhucheng 煤, 炭 mined
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 煤
Jining 煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel
Wanrong 炭
Linfen 煤, 炭 mined
Shangqiu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yuanyang 煤, 炭 mined
Zhengzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Xinyang 煤, 炭 mined
Ankang 煤, 煤炭
Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 煤, 煤炭
Baihe 煤, 炭 mined
Baihe (Maoping) 煤炭
Xi'an 煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined
Dingbian 炭
Baoji 煤, 煤炭 mined
Tianshui 煤, 石炭 mined
Xining 煤, 石煤 mined
Xuzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Fuyang 煤
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 煤, 煤炭
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 煤, 炭 mined
Lanzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Dunhuang 煤, 砟子 fuel
Hami 煤
Ürümqi 煤
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Nanchong 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Dazhou 煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Hanyuan 炭, 煤 fuel
Xichang 煤, 炭 mined
Zigong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Chongqing 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Wuhan 煤, 炭 mined
Yichang 煤
Xiangyang 煤, 煤炭 mined
Tianmen 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Guiyang 煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined
Bijie 煤炭, 煤 fuel
Liping 煤
Zhaotong 炭
Dali 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel
Kunming 煤, 煤炭 mined
Mengzi 煤 mined, 炭 fuel
Guilin 煤, 煤炭 mined
Pingle 煤
Liuzhou 煤
Luzhai 煤
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 煤
Nanning (Fujian) 煤
Nanning (Wuming) 煤
Binyang (Nanjie) 煤
Hechi (Yizhou) 煤
Luocheng (Dongmen) 煤, 煤炭
Tianlin (Langping) 煤
Jishou 煤
Changde 煤, 炭 mined
Yongzhou 煤炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 煤
Shiquan 煤炭
Ziyang 煤炭
Hanzhong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Dagudi (Maliba) 煤
Reshuitang (Longling) 煤
Mae Salong (Lancang) 煤
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 煤
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 煤
Yangzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Lianyungang 煤, 炭 mined
Lianshui 煤
Nantong 煤, 炭 mined
Anqing 煤
Wuhu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Hefei 煤, 煤炭 mined
Hong'an 煤, 煤炭, 炭
Cantonese Guangzhou 煤
Hong Kong 煤
Taishan (Guanghai) 煤
Yangjiang 煤
Wuzhou 煤
Baise 煤
Qinzhou 煤
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 煤
Beihai 煤
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 煤炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 煤
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 煤炭
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 煤
Pingle (Majia) 煤
Pingle (Shuishan) 煤
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 煤
Móng Cái 煤炭
Mandalay (Taishan) 煤
Gan Nanchang 煤炭
Pengze 煤
Hakka Meixian 煤, 石炭
Bobai (Lingping) 煤
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 煤
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 煤
Pingle (Tong'an) 煤
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 煤
Huizhou Shexian 煤
Jin Taiyuan 煤 soot, 炭 piece
Pingyao 炭
Yangyuan 煤, 炭 mined
Datong 炭
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 炭
Xinzhou 炭
Lüliang (Lishi) 煤, 炭 mined
Changzhi 煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined
Linhe 炭
Jining 炭
Liangcheng 煤
Hohhot 煤, 炭 mined
Erenhot 煤 mined, 炭
Pingshan 煤, 炭 mined
Zhangjiakou 煤, 煤炭 mined
Handan 煤, 炭 mined
Linzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Suide 炭, 石炭 mined
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 煤
Jinhua 煤
Lanxi 煤
Tunxi 煤
Northern Min Jian'ou 煤, 煤炭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 煤
Fuqing 煤
Gutian 煤
Pingnan 煤
Fu'an 煤
Shouning 煤
Southern Min Xiamen 塗炭, 煤
Jinjiang 塗炭
Guilin (Biyange) 煤
Chaozhou 塗炭, 煤
Shantou 煤
Jieyang 塗炭, 煤
Pontianak (Teochew) 煤
Puxian Min Putian 煤, 煤炭
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 煤
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 煤
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 煤, 煤炭
Xianyou 煤
Xianyou (Fengting) 煤
Xianyou (Youyang) 煤
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 煤
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 煤
Southern Pinghua Binyang 煤
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 煤
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 煤
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 煤
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 煤
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 煤
Chengbu (Xuntou) 煤
Wu Shanghai (Songjiang) 煤
Suzhou 煤
Wenzhou 煤
Yiwu 煤
Xiang Changsha 煤炭, 煤
Shuangfeng 煤炭
Hengyang 炭, 煤
Hengshan 煤炭
Hengshan (Baiguo) 煤炭

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Guiqiong: mɛi (“coal”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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煤

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: まい (mai)、め (me)
  • Kan-on: ばい (bai)
  • Kun: すす (susu, 煤)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
煤
すす
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Possibly related to 炭 (sumi, “cinder; charcoal”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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煤(すす) • (susu) 

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
  2. sooted dirt or dust accumulated in ceilings, walls, etc.
  3. Short for 煤色 (susuiro): a shade of black as in the color of soot
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
煤
ばい
Jinmeiyō
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 煤 (MC mwoj). Compare modern Min Nan reading bôe.

Affix

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煤(ばい) • (bai) 

  1. soot
  2. coal
Derived terms
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Derived terms

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Further reading

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Korean

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Hanja

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煤 (eumhun 그을음 매 (geueureum mae))

  1. hanja form? of 매 (“soot”)

Okinawan

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Kanji

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煤

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
煤
しーし
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 煤 (susu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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煤(しーし) (shīshi) 

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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煤 (susu) (kana すす)

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
    • 711–712, Kojiki, Kuni-yuzuri:
      ...登陀流天之新巢之凝烟訓凝姻云州須之八拳垂摩弖燒擧麻弖二字以音
      ...in Takama-nö-para the soot (凝姻 is read as susu) hangs down eight hands long (the two characters 摩弖 are pronounced made).[1]

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 煤 (susu)

References

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  1. ^ Donald L. Philippi (2015) Kojiki (Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 136

Vietnamese

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Han character

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煤: Hán Nôm readings: môi, muồi, mai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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煤

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 煤 (susu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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煤(ちち) (chichi) 

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
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