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See also:
U+6BBA, 殺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BBA

[U+6BB9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6BBB]

U+F970, 殺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F970

[U+F96F]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F971]
U+FA96, 殺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA96

[U+FA95]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA97]

殺 U+2F8F5, 殺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F5
殟
[U+2F8F4]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 殻
[U+2F8F6]

Translingual

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Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Alternative forms

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  • In traditional Chinese (based on the modern character forms used in Taiwan and Hong Kong), the bottom left component is (𣎳 with an additional dot at its top right corner).
  • In mainland China (based on the Xin Zixing (新字形) standardized character forms), the bottom left component is instead which is one stroke less.
  • In Korean hanja, the bottom left component is , which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
  • In Japanese shinjitai and Vietnamese Nôm, the bottom left component is which is one stroke less.
  • Three CJK Compatibility Ideographs exist for this character:
    • U+F970 corresponds to the Japanese kyūjitai form containing which is similar to the historical Kangxi form.
    • U+FA96 corresponds to the alternative Korean form which is similar to the Japanese shinjitai form containing .
    • U+2F8F5 is similar to the traditional form in Taiwan but has 𣎳 (without dot at top right corner) instead of as its bottom left component.

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 79, +7 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 殳+6 in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 大金竹弓水 (KCHNE) or 大木竹弓水 (KDHNE), four-corner 47947, composition ⿰⿱(G) or ⿰⿱(HT) or ⿰⿱(JV or U+FA96) or ⿰⿱(K or U+F970) or ⿰⿱𣎳(U+2F8F5))

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Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 585, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16638
  • Dae Jaweon: page 978, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2157, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6BBA

Chinese

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trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) of a boar that had been impaled in the head.

In the seal script, the original compound was corrupted into 𣏂 (sometimes written as ). It was also in the seal script that the pictogram (象形) : (person) + (right hand), which was later corrupted into (“spear”) or , was added under the head of the boar to specify the killing was done by a person.

The modern-day character inherits this and can be thought of as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sreːds, *sreːd) : phonetic 𣏂 () + semantic (spear).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat (to kill); compare Tibetan བསད (bsad), perfect of Tibetan གསོད (gsod, to kill), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sat (to kill), Japhug sat (to kill) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sat - literary (“ruthless; willing to part with something”);
  • soah - vernacular (“to butcher”).
Note:
  • sag4 - literary;
  • sua7 - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂa⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂa⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sɑ²¹/
Jinan /ʂa²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂa⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
Xi'an /sa²¹/
Xining /sa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂa¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂa¹³/
Ürümqi /sa²¹³/
Wuhan /sa²¹³/
Chengdu /sa³¹/
Guiyang /sa²¹/
Kunming /ʂa̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʂɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /saʔ²/
Pingyao /sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /saʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /saʔ⁵/
Suzhou /saʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /sɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /sa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /saʔ²¹/
Tunxi /sɔ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /sa²⁴/
Xiangtan /sɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /saʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sat̚¹/
Taoyuan /sɑt̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sat̚³/
Nanning /sat̚³³/
Hong Kong /sɐt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sat̚³²/
/suaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /suɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /suaʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sa⁵⁵/
/tua⁵⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (21)
Final () (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter sreat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂəɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/ʃɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/ʃæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʂat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sha
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
saat3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shā
Middle
Chinese
‹ srɛt ›
Old
Chinese
/*s<r>at/
English kill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 11010
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sreːd/

Definitions

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  1. (transitive) to kill; to murder
    烏蠅 [Cantonese, trad.]
    乌蝇 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 saat3 zo2 zek3 wu1 jing4-1. [Jyutping]
    I killed a fly.
  2. to ruin; to harm
  3. to fight
    血路血路  ―  shā chū yī tiáo xuèlù  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  4. (dialectal, transitive) to cut; to slice (fruit, food)
    西瓜西瓜  ―  shā xīguā  ―  to cut a watermelon
  5. (transitive) to abate; to reduce
      ―  shājià  ―  to bargain
  6. (regional, colloquial) to sting
  7. (chess) to mate; short for 將殺将杀 (jiāngshā) ("to checkmate")
  8. (Hokkien) ruthless; ferocious; fierce
  9. (Hokkien) to butcher, especially by using a blade to drain its blood to death (of animals)
    [Hokkien]  ―  soah koe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to butcher a chicken by draining its blood with a knife
  10. (Taiwanese Hokkien) willing to part with something
Usage notes
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  • Normally, the subject of should be animate. The sentence "A tiger killed many people." can be validly translated as 老虎殺死數人, while the sentence "This accident killed many people." is seldom translated as *這次事故殺死數人. For death caused by non-living things, split forms of 致死 (zhìsǐ) are often used instead:
    事故死亡 [MSC, trad.]
    事故死亡 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè cì shìgù zhì shù rén sǐwáng. [Pinyin]
    This accident caused many people's deaths.
Synonyms
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  • (to kill):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From (OC *sʰrol, *srul, “to diminish; to decay”) + final *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (21)
Final () (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter sreajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂəɨjH/
Li
Rong
/ʃɛiH/
Wang
Li
/ʃɐiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʂăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
saai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shài
Middle
Chinese
‹ srɛjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s<r>at-s/
English diminish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 11006
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sreːds/

Definitions

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  1. to pare off; to diminish; to reduce; to clip

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. dark
  2. Alternative form of 𥻦 (to spread; to exile)

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Only used in 蹩殺蹩杀.

Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Only used in 降殺降杀.

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to assassinate; to kill a superior”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2]


&#xF970;
or
+&#xFE00;?
殺󠄀
+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
殺󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

  1. to kill

Readings

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From Middle Chinese (MC sreat):

  • Go-on: せち (sechi)せつ (setsu, Jōyō )
  • Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese (MC sreajH):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1220 (paper), page 661 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese (MC sreat).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 죽일 (jugil sal))

  1. hanja form? of (to kill)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese (MC sreajH).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰwɛ(ː)] ~ [sʰwe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)/(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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(eumhun 감할 (gamhal swae))

  1. hanja form? of (to pare off; to diminish; to reduce; to clip)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: sát, sái, sít, sịt, sướt, sét, sượt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.