श्रम

See also: शर्म

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्रम (śrama).

Noun

श्रम • (śram) m

1. labour, work

Declension

Declension of श्रम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	श्रम śram	श्रम śram
oblique	श्रम śram	श्रमों śramõ
vocative	श्रम śram	श्रमो śramo

Derived terms

• श्रम करना (śram karnā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শ্ৰম (Assamese script)
• ᬰ᭄ᬭᬫ (Balinese script)
• শ্রম (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰿𑰨𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ၐြမ (Burmese script)
• શ્રમ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼੍ਰਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍍𑌰𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦿꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂹𑂩𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಶ್ರಮ (Kannada script)
• ឝ្រម (Khmer script)
• ຨ຺ຣມ (Lao script)
• ശ്രമ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡵᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠷᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧠𑧈𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଶ୍ରମ (Odia script)
• ꢯ꣄ꢬꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑇀𑆫𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖦 (Siddham script)
• ශ්‍රම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿 𑪙𑩼𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚶𑚤𑚢 (Takri script)
• ஶ்ரம (Tamil script)
• శ్రమ (Telugu script)
• ศฺรม (Thai script)
• ཤྲ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑓂𑒩𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑩇𑨫𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From श्रम् (śram, “to be or become weary or tired, be tired of doing anything”).

Noun

श्रम • (śráma) stem, m

1. fatigue, weariness, exhaustion (RV.)
2. exertion, labour, toil, exercise, effort either bodily or mental, hard work of any kind (as in performing acts of bodily mortification, religious exercises and austerity, pains or trouble bestowed on (locative or compound) (AV. etc.)

   śramaṃ-√kṛ — to work hard at one's studies

3. military exercise, drill (W.)
4. name of a son of Āpa (Hariv.)
5. name of a son of Vasudeva (BhP.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of श्रम
Nom. sg.	श्रमः (śramaḥ)
Gen. sg.	श्रमस्य (śramasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्रमः (śramaḥ)	श्रमौ (śramau)	श्रमाः (śramāḥ)
Vocative	श्रम (śrama)	श्रमौ (śramau)	श्रमाः (śramāḥ)
Accusative	श्रमम् (śramam)	श्रमौ (śramau)	श्रमान् (śramān)
Instrumental	श्रमेण (śrameṇa)	श्रमाभ्याम् (śramābhyām)	श्रमैः (śramaiḥ)
Dative	श्रमाय (śramāya)	श्रमाभ्याम् (śramābhyām)	श्रमेभ्यः (śramebhyaḥ)
Ablative	श्रमात् (śramāt)	श्रमाभ्याम् (śramābhyām)	श्रमेभ्यः (śramebhyaḥ)
Genitive	श्रमस्य (śramasya)	श्रमयोः (śramayoḥ)	श्रमाणाम् (śramāṇām)
Locative	श्रमे (śrame)	श्रमयोः (śramayoḥ)	श्रमेषु (śrameṣu)

Related terms

• श्रमण (śramaṇa)

Descendants

• → Hindi: श्रम (śram)
• → Old Javanese: śrama
  • Javanese: ꦱꦿꦩ (srama, “present/gift to superior”)
• → Telugu: శ్రమ (śrama), శ్రమము (śramamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “श्रम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1096/1.