ताल

See also: ताड़, ताड, and तालक

Hindi

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /t̪ɑːl/, [t̪äːl]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit ताल (tāla).

Noun

ताल • (tāl) m (Urdu spelling تال)

(music) rhythm, beat, tune
palm tree
Synonym: ताड़ (tāṛ)
the palm of the hand
Synonym: हथेली (hathelī)
the clapping of palms
Synonym: ताली (tālī)
(wrestling) slapping the hands on the arms in defiance

Declension

Declension of ताल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ताल tāl	ताल tāl
oblique	ताल tāl	तालों tālõ
vocative	ताल tāl	तालो tālo

Descendants

→ Pashto: تال (“beating time in music by striking or slapping the fingers or hands together”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit तलक (talaka).

Noun

ताल • (tāl) m (Urdu spelling تال)

pond, puddle

Declension

Declension of ताल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ताल tāl	ताल tāl
oblique	ताल tāl	तालों tālõ
vocative	ताल tāl	तालो tālo

References

Platts, John T. (1884) “ताल”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Nepali

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t̪äl]
Phonetic Devanagari: ताल्

Noun

ताल • (tāl)

lake
(music) rhythm, beat, tune

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

tāla (Latin script)
𑀢𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
তাল (Bengali script)
තාල (Sinhalese script)
တာလ or တႃလ (Burmese script)
ตาล or ตาละ (Thai script)
ᨲᩣᩃ (Tai Tham script)
ຕາລ or ຕາລະ (Lao script)
តាល (Khmer script)
𑄖𑄂𑄣 (Chakma script)

Noun

ताल m

Devanagari script form of tāla (“palmyra palm”)

Declension

Declension table of "ताल" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	तालो (tālo)	ताला (tālā)
Accusative (second)	तालं (tālaṃ)	ताले (tāle)
Instrumental (third)	तालेन (tālena)	तालेहि (tālehi) or तालेभि (tālebhi)
Dative (fourth)	तालस्स (tālassa) or तालाय (tālāya) or तालत्थं (tālatthaṃ)	तालानं (tālānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	तालस्मा (tālasmā) or तालम्हा (tālamhā) or ताला (tālā)	तालेहि (tālehi) or तालेभि (tālebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	तालस्स (tālassa)	तालानं (tālānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	तालस्मिं (tālasmiṃ) or तालम्हि (tālamhi) or ताले (tāle)	तालेसु (tālesu)
Vocative (calling)	ताल (tāla)	ताला (tālā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

তাল (Assamese script)
ᬢᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
তাল (Bengali script)
𑰝𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀢𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
တာလ (Burmese script)
તાલ (Gujarati script)
ਤਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌤𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦠꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂞𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ತಾಲ (Kannada script)
តាល (Khmer script)
ຕາລ (Lao script)
താല (Malayalam script)
ᢠᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘝𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
ᢐᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦽𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐟𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
ତାଲ (Odia script)
ꢡꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆠𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖝𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
තාල (Sinhalese script)
𑩫𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚙𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
தால (Tamil script)
తాల (Telugu script)
ตาล (Thai script)
ཏཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒞𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨙𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɑː.lɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ɑː.l̪ɐ/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dravidian; ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *tāẓ. Compare Kannada ತಾಳೆ (tāḷe, “palmyra or toddy palm”), Telugu తాటి (tāṭi, “of or pertaining to the palmyra tree”).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m

the palm tree, palmyra tree, or fan palm (Borassus flabelliformis, producing a sort of spirituous liquor)
the nut of fan palm
toddy
a fragrant earth

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालः tālaḥ	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालान् tālān
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Adjective

ताल • (tāla) stem

made of palmyra wood

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालः tālaḥ	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालान् tālān
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of ताली (tālī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ताली tālī	ताल्यौ / ताली¹ tālyau / tālī¹	ताल्यः / तालीः¹ tālyaḥ / tālīḥ¹
Vocative	तालि tāli	ताल्यौ / ताली¹ tālyau / tālī¹	ताल्यः / तालीः¹ tālyaḥ / tālīḥ¹
Accusative	तालीम् tālīm	ताल्यौ / ताली¹ tālyau / tālī¹	तालीः tālīḥ
Instrumental	ताल्या tālyā	तालीभ्याम् tālībhyām	तालीभिः tālībhiḥ
Dative	ताल्यै tālyai	तालीभ्याम् tālībhyām	तालीभ्यः tālībhyaḥ
Ablative	ताल्याः / ताल्यै² tālyāḥ / tālyai²	तालीभ्याम् tālībhyām	तालीभ्यः tālībhyaḥ
Genitive	ताल्याः / ताल्यै² tālyāḥ / tālyai²	ताल्योः tālyoḥ	तालीनाम् tālīnām
Locative	ताल्याम् tālyām	ताल्योः tālyoḥ	तालीषु tālīṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालम् tālam	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Assamese: তাল (tal)
Hindi: ताल (tāl)
→ Khmer: តាល (taalaʼ)
→ Lü: ᦎᦱᧃ (ṫaan)
→ Northern Thai: ᨲᩣ᩠ᩃ
Odia: ତାଳ (tāḷa)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਤਾਲ਼ (tāḷ, “meter, beat, rhythm”), ਤਾੜੀ (tāṛī, “clap”)
Pali: tāḷa
- → Burmese: ထန် (htan)
- → Mon: တာ
- → Shan: ထၢၼ် (thǎan)
→ Tamil: தாளம் (tāḷam)
→ Thai: ตาล (dtaan)

Etymology 2

Probably from Dravidian; compare Tamil தார் (tār, “garland, chain”). Alternatively, related to ताड (tāḍa) (like Etymology 3).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, n

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालम् tālam	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 3

Related to ताड (tāḍa, “a blow; noise”).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m

slapping the hands together or against one's arm; clapping
the flapping of elephant’s ears
a type of dance
a cymbal

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालम् tālam	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

→ Malayalam: താളം (tāḷaṁ)

Etymology 4

Probably related to Etymology 3.

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m

musical time or measure
(prosody) a trochee
a span measured by the thumb and the middle finger
a metre of 4 x 4 long syllables

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालः tālaḥ	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालान् tālān
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 5

Vṛddhi derivative of तल (tala, “bottom”).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m

the palm of one’s hand
the hilt of a sword

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालः tālaḥ	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालान् tālān
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 6

From ताली (tālī, “a type of ornament”), of Dravidian origin; compare Tamil தாலி (tāli, “neck ornament”), Telugu తాళి (tāḷi, “neck gold”).

Noun

ताल • (tāla) stem, m or n

an orpiment

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालः tālaḥ	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालाः / तालासः¹ tālāḥ / tālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	तालौ / ताला¹ tālau / tālā¹	तालान् tālān
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of ताल (tāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तालम् tālam	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Vocative	ताल tāla	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Accusative	तालम् tālam	ताले tāle	तालानि / ताला¹ tālāni / tālā¹
Instrumental	तालेन tālena	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालैः / तालेभिः¹ tālaiḥ / tālebhiḥ¹
Dative	तालाय tālāya	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Ablative	तालात् tālāt	तालाभ्याम् tālābhyām	तालेभ्यः tālebhyaḥ
Genitive	तालस्य tālasya	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालानाम् tālānām
Locative	ताले tāle	तालयोः tālayoḥ	तालेषु tāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “ताल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 444-445.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 242-243
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 498