अप्

See also: अप, अपि, and अपी

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অপ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬧ᭄ (Balinese script)
• অপ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰢𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀧𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• အပ် (Burmese script)
• અપ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਪ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌪𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦥ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂣𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಪ್ (Kannada script)
• អប៑ (Khmer script)
• ອປ຺ (Lao script)
• അപ് (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᢒ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘢𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢒ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧂𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐥𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଅପ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢦ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆥𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖢𑖿 (Siddham script)
• අප් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩰 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚞𑚶 (Takri script)
• அப் (Tamil script)
• అప్ (Telugu script)
• อปฺ (Thai script)
• ཨ་པ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒣𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨞𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /⁠apiyā⁠/, “into the water”), Tocharian B āp (“water”), Hittite 𒄩𒉺𒀀 (ḫa-pa-a, “towards the river”), Persian آب (âb), Latin amnis (“river”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́p/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐp/

Noun

अप् • (áp) stem, f

1. water (also personified as a deity)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.9.1:

     आपो॒ हि ष्ठा म॑यो॒भुव॒स्ता न॑ ऊ॒र्जे द॑धातन।
     म॒हे रणा॑य॒ चक्ष॑से॥

     ā́po hí ṣṭhā́ mayobhúvastā́ na ūrjé dadhātana.
     mahé ráṇāya cákṣase.

     Ye, Waters, are beneficent: so help ye us to energy
     That we may look on great delight.

2. (astronomy) the star δ Virginis in Virgo

Usage notes

In Vedic Sanskrit, used both in singular and in plural; in Classical Sanskrit, only in plural.

Declension

Declension of अप् (áp)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	–	–	आपः (ā́paḥ)
Vocative	–	–	आपः (ā́paḥ)
Accusative	–	–	अपः (apáḥ)
Instrumental	अपा (apā́)	–	अद्भिः (adbhíḥ)
Dative	–	–	अद्भ्यः (adbhyáḥ)
Ablative	अपः (apáḥ)	–	अद्भ्यः (adbhyáḥ)
Genitive	–	–	अपाम् (apā́m)
Locative	–	–	अप्सु (apsú)

Derived terms

• अपांनपात् (apāṃnapāt)
• अपांवत्स (apāṃvatsa)
• अपांसंवर्त (apāṃsaṃvarta)
• अप्कृत्स्नम् (apkṛtsnam)
• अप्चर (apcara)
• अप्पति (appati)
• अप्पित्तम (appittama)
• अप्सरस् (apsaras)
• अब्ज (abja)
• आप्त्य (āptya)

 

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: [script needed] (âu)
  • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (aw)
• Pali: āpa
• → Old Marathi: आप (āpa) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “अप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 47, column 3.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “ap”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.