قوم
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Root |
---|
ق و م (q w m) |
27 terms |
Compare قَامَ (qāma, “to rise”).
Verb
[edit]قَوَّمَ • (qawwama) II (non-past يُقَوِّمُ (yuqawwimu), verbal noun تَقْوِيم (taqwīm))
- (transitive) to raise
- (transitive) to evaluate
- (transitive) to adjust
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَقْوِيم taqwīm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُقَوِّم muqawwim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُقَوَّم muqawwam | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | قَوَّمْتُ qawwamtu |
قَوَّمْتَ qawwamta |
قَوَّمَ qawwama |
قَوَّمْتُمَا qawwamtumā |
قَوَّمَا qawwamā |
قَوَّمْنَا qawwamnā |
قَوَّمْتُمْ qawwamtum |
قَوَّمُوا qawwamū | |||
f | قَوَّمْتِ qawwamti |
قَوَّمَتْ qawwamat |
قَوَّمَتَا qawwamatā |
قَوَّمْتُنَّ qawwamtunna |
قَوَّمْنَ qawwamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُقَوِّمُ ʔuqawwimu |
تُقَوِّمُ tuqawwimu |
يُقَوِّمُ yuqawwimu |
تُقَوِّمَانِ tuqawwimāni |
يُقَوِّمَانِ yuqawwimāni |
نُقَوِّمُ nuqawwimu |
تُقَوِّمُونَ tuqawwimūna |
يُقَوِّمُونَ yuqawwimūna | |||
f | تُقَوِّمِينَ tuqawwimīna |
تُقَوِّمُ tuqawwimu |
تُقَوِّمَانِ tuqawwimāni |
تُقَوِّمْنَ tuqawwimna |
يُقَوِّمْنَ yuqawwimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُقَوِّمَ ʔuqawwima |
تُقَوِّمَ tuqawwima |
يُقَوِّمَ yuqawwima |
تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā |
يُقَوِّمَا yuqawwimā |
نُقَوِّمَ nuqawwima |
تُقَوِّمُوا tuqawwimū |
يُقَوِّمُوا yuqawwimū | |||
f | تُقَوِّمِي tuqawwimī |
تُقَوِّمَ tuqawwima |
تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā |
تُقَوِّمْنَ tuqawwimna |
يُقَوِّمْنَ yuqawwimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُقَوِّمْ ʔuqawwim |
تُقَوِّمْ tuqawwim |
يُقَوِّمْ yuqawwim |
تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā |
يُقَوِّمَا yuqawwimā |
نُقَوِّمْ nuqawwim |
تُقَوِّمُوا tuqawwimū |
يُقَوِّمُوا yuqawwimū | |||
f | تُقَوِّمِي tuqawwimī |
تُقَوِّمْ tuqawwim |
تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā |
تُقَوِّمْنَ tuqawwimna |
يُقَوِّمْنَ yuqawwimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | قَوِّمْ qawwim |
قَوِّمَا qawwimā |
قَوِّمُوا qawwimū |
||||||||
f | قَوِّمِي qawwimī |
قَوِّمْنَ qawwimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | قُوِّمْتُ quwwimtu |
قُوِّمْتَ quwwimta |
قُوِّمَ quwwima |
قُوِّمْتُمَا quwwimtumā |
قُوِّمَا quwwimā |
قُوِّمْنَا quwwimnā |
قُوِّمْتُمْ quwwimtum |
قُوِّمُوا quwwimū | |||
f | قُوِّمْتِ quwwimti |
قُوِّمَتْ quwwimat |
قُوِّمَتَا quwwimatā |
قُوِّمْتُنَّ quwwimtunna |
قُوِّمْنَ quwwimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُقَوَّمُ ʔuqawwamu |
تُقَوَّمُ tuqawwamu |
يُقَوَّمُ yuqawwamu |
تُقَوَّمَانِ tuqawwamāni |
يُقَوَّمَانِ yuqawwamāni |
نُقَوَّمُ nuqawwamu |
تُقَوَّمُونَ tuqawwamūna |
يُقَوَّمُونَ yuqawwamūna | |||
f | تُقَوَّمِينَ tuqawwamīna |
تُقَوَّمُ tuqawwamu |
تُقَوَّمَانِ tuqawwamāni |
تُقَوَّمْنَ tuqawwamna |
يُقَوَّمْنَ yuqawwamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُقَوَّمَ ʔuqawwama |
تُقَوَّمَ tuqawwama |
يُقَوَّمَ yuqawwama |
تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā |
يُقَوَّمَا yuqawwamā |
نُقَوَّمَ nuqawwama |
تُقَوَّمُوا tuqawwamū |
يُقَوَّمُوا yuqawwamū | |||
f | تُقَوَّمِي tuqawwamī |
تُقَوَّمَ tuqawwama |
تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā |
تُقَوَّمْنَ tuqawwamna |
يُقَوَّمْنَ yuqawwamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُقَوَّمْ ʔuqawwam |
تُقَوَّمْ tuqawwam |
يُقَوَّمْ yuqawwam |
تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā |
يُقَوَّمَا yuqawwamā |
نُقَوَّمْ nuqawwam |
تُقَوَّمُوا tuqawwamū |
يُقَوَّمُوا yuqawwamū | |||
f | تُقَوَّمِي tuqawwamī |
تُقَوَّمْ tuqawwam |
تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā |
تُقَوَّمْنَ tuqawwamna |
يُقَوَّمْنَ yuqawwamna |
References
[edit]- Mace, John (2007) “قوم”, in Arabic Verbs, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]قَوْم • (qawm) m
- verbal noun of قَامَ (qāma, “to get up”) (form I)
- standing up, rising, placing upright, remaining, abiding
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
Noun
[edit]قَوْم • (qawm) m (plural أَقْوَام (ʔaqwām))
- people, nation, tribe, folk
- some people, someone, a certain
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:21:
- فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا خَائِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِي مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
- faḵaraja minhā ḵāʔifan yataraqqabu qāla rabbi najjinī mina l-qawmi ẓ-ẓālimīna
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (group of) men
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 49:11:
- يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّن قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰ أَن يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَاءٌ مِّن نِّسَاءٍ عَسَىٰ أَن يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِّنْهُنَّ
- yā ʔayyuhā allaḏīna ʔāmanū lā yasḵar qawmun mmin qawmin ʕasā ʔan yakūnū ḵayran mminhum walā nisāʔun mmin nnisāʔin ʕasā ʔan yakunna ḵayran mminhunna
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- family
- sect
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قَوْم qawm |
الْقَوْم al-qawm |
قَوْم qawm |
Nominative | قَوْمٌ qawmun |
الْقَوْمُ al-qawmu |
قَوْمُ qawmu |
Accusative | قَوْمًا qawman |
الْقَوْمَ al-qawma |
قَوْمَ qawma |
Genitive | قَوْمٍ qawmin |
الْقَوْمِ al-qawmi |
قَوْمِ qawmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | قَوْمَيْن qawmayn |
الْقَوْمَيْن al-qawmayn |
قَوْمَيْ qawmay |
Nominative | قَوْمَانِ qawmāni |
الْقَوْمَانِ al-qawmāni |
قَوْمَا qawmā |
Accusative | قَوْمَيْنِ qawmayni |
الْقَوْمَيْنِ al-qawmayni |
قَوْمَيْ qawmay |
Genitive | قَوْمَيْنِ qawmayni |
الْقَوْمَيْنِ al-qawmayni |
قَوْمَيْ qawmay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَقْوَام ʔaqwām |
الْأَقْوَام al-ʔaqwām |
أَقْوَام ʔaqwām |
Nominative | أَقْوَامٌ ʔaqwāmun |
الْأَقْوَامُ al-ʔaqwāmu |
أَقْوَامُ ʔaqwāmu |
Accusative | أَقْوَامًا ʔaqwāman |
الْأَقْوَامَ al-ʔaqwāma |
أَقْوَامَ ʔaqwāma |
Genitive | أَقْوَامٍ ʔaqwāmin |
الْأَقْوَامِ al-ʔaqwāmi |
أَقْوَامِ ʔaqwāmi |
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[2], London: W.H. Allen
Adjective
[edit]قُوَّم • (quwwam)
Azerbaijani
[edit]Noun
[edit]قۇم (qum)
Declension
[edit]Hijazi Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ق و م |
8 terms |
Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]قوم • (gawwam) II (non-past يِقَوِّم (yimawwit), verbal noun تَقْويم (tagwīm))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of قوم (gawwam) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | قومت (gawwamt) | قومت (gawwamt) | قوم (gawwam) | قومنا (gawwamna) | قومتوا (gawwamtu) | قوموا (gawwamu) | |
f | قومتي (gawwamti) | قومت (gawwamat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أقوم (ʔagawwim) | تقوم (tigawwim) | يقوم (yigawwim) | نقوم (nigawwim) | تقوموا (tigawwimu) | يقوموا (yigawwimu) | |
f | تقومي (tigawwimi) | تقوم (tigawwim) | ||||||
imperative | m | قوم (gawwim) | قوموا (gawwimu) | |||||
f | قومي (gawwimi) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]قوم • (gūm)
- second-person masculine singular imperative of قام (gām)
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]قوم • (gawwim)
- second-person masculine singular imperative of قَوِّم (gawwam)
Moroccan Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Root |
---|
ق و م |
2 terms |
From Arabic قَوَّمَ (qawwama).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]قوم • (qawwam) II (non-past يقوم (yqawwam))
- (transitive) to evaluate
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of قوم | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | قوّمت (qawwamt) | قوّمتي (qawwamti) | قوّم (qawwam) | قوّمنا (qawwamna) | قوّمتوا (qawwamtu) | قوّموا (qawwmu) | |
f | قوّمت (qawwmāt) | |||||||
non-past | m | نقوّم (nqawwam) | تقوّم (tqawwam) | يقوّم (yqawwam) | نقوّموا (nqawwmu) | تقوّموا (tqawwmu) | يقوّموا (yqawwmu) | |
f | تقوّمي (tqawwmi) | تقوّم (tqawwam) | ||||||
imperative | m | قوّم (qawwam) | قوّموا (qawwmu) | |||||
f | قوّمي (qawwmi) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]قَوْم or قُوم • (qawm or qūm) m (plural أقوام (ʔaqwām))
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”); cognate with Azerbaijani qum, Bashkir ҡом (qom), Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Turkmen gum, Uyghur قۇم (qum) and Uzbek qum.
Noun
[edit]قوم • (kum)
- sand, finely ground rock which forms beaches and deserts
- gravel, chisel, small fragments of rock
- Synonym: چاقل (çakıl)
- (medicine) kidney stones, a calculus in the kidney
- (figuratively) anything that is as numerous as grains of sand
Derived terms
[edit]- قوم اوتی (kum otu, “sedge”)
- قوم اینجو (kum inci, “seed pearl”)
- قوم بالغی (kum balığı, “skink”)
- قوم ساعتی (kum saʼati, “hourglass”)
- قوم گبی قاینامق (kum gibi kaynamak, “to swarm”)
- قومجی (kumcu, “sand merchant”)
- قومسال (kumsal, “sandy place; sand bar”)
- قوملق (kumluk, “sandy place”)
- قوملو (kumlu, “sandy, arenose”)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kum1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2833
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قوم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[3], Vienna: F. Beck, page 377a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قوم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 990
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Arena”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[5], Vienna, column 81
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قوم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[6], Vienna, columns 3805–3806
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kum”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قوم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1496
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [qawm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qowm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [qäwm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | qawm |
Dari reading? | qawm |
Iranian reading? | ğowm |
Tajik reading? | qavm |
Noun
[edit]Dari | قوم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | қавм |
قُوْم • (qowm) (plural اقوام (aqvâm))
- people, nation, tribe
- 1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubáiyát
- قومی متفکرند اندر ره دین ― qowm-i motefakker-and andar rah-e din ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- قومی به گمان فتاده در راه یقین ― qowm-i be-gamân fetâde dar râh-e yaqin ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- میترسم از آنکه بانگ آید روزی ― mi-tarsam az ân-ke bâng âyad ruzi ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- کای بیخبران راه نه آنست و نه این ― key bi-xabarân! râh na ân-ast o na in ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubáiyát
- ethnic group
Derived terms
[edit]- قوم و خویش (qowm o xiš, “family, relatives”)
Descendants
[edit]Punjabi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).
Noun
[edit]قَوم • (qaum) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੌਮ)
Synonyms
[edit]- (people): نسل (nasal)
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /qɔːm/
Audio (India): (file)
Noun
[edit]قَوم • (qaum) f (formal plural اقوام, Hindi spelling क़ौम)
Synonyms
[edit]- (people, community): سَمُدائے (samudāe), سَمْپَرْدائے (sampardāe), سَن٘گَت (saṅgat), گِروہ (giroh), سَماج (samāj), مُعاشِرَہ (mu'āśira), بَرادرِی (barādrī), اُمَّت (ummat)
- (race): نسل (nasl), جاتی (jātī)
Derived terms
[edit]- قَومی (qaumī, “national”)
- قَومِیَت (qaumiyat, “nationality”)
- اَقْوامِ مُتَّحِدَہ (aqvām-i muttahida, “United Nations”)
- بَینَ الَاقْوامی (bainal-aqvāmī, “international”)
- قَوم پَرَسْتی (qaum parastī, “nationalism”)
References
[edit]- Platts, John T. (1884) “قوم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “قوم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- John Shakespear (1834) “قوم”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ق و م
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs with و as second radical
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic adjective forms
- Arabic collective nouns
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- Azerbaijani terms in Arabic script
- Hijazi Arabic terms belonging to the root ق و م
- Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic verbs
- Hijazi Arabic form-II verbs
- Hijazi Arabic hollow form-II verbs
- Hijazi Arabic hollow verbs
- Hijazi Arabic non-lemma forms
- Hijazi Arabic verb forms
- Moroccan Arabic terms belonging to the root ق و م
- Moroccan Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic 2-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic verbs
- Moroccan Arabic form-II verbs
- Moroccan Arabic transitive verbs
- Moroccan Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Moroccan Arabic sound verbs
- Moroccan Arabic 1-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic nouns
- Moroccan Arabic masculine nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Medicine
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- Persian collective nouns
- Punjabi terms borrowed from Arabic
- Punjabi terms derived from Arabic
- Punjabi terms derived from the Arabic root ق و م
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi nouns
- Punjabi nouns in Shahmukhi script
- Punjabi feminine nouns
- Urdu terms borrowed from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu terms with audio links
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu terms with usage examples