بر
Alviri-Vidari
[edit]Noun
[edit]بر (bar)
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the root ب ر ر (b-r-r). Inherited from Proto-Semitic *barr-.
Noun
[edit]بَرّ • (barr) m
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- بَرِّيّ (barriyy, “of the dry land”)
- بَرَّانِيّ (barrāniyy, “exterior”)
Verb
[edit]بَرَّ • (barra) I, non-past يَبَرُّ (yabarru)
- (intransitive) to be righteous, to be pious, to be godly, to be reverent, to be religious
- (intransitive) to straighten up, to reform
- Synonyms: صَلَحَ (ṣalaḥa, “to reform”), اِسْتَقَام (istaqām, “to straighten up”)
- Antonym: فَجَرَ (fajara, “to be sinful”)
- (intransitive) to straighten up, to reform
- (intransitive) to be kind or generous to [with بِ (bi)]
- Synonym: أَحْسَنَ (ʔaḥsana)
- (intransitive, transitive) to respect or to be respectful [with بِ (bi) ‘to elders, one's parents or grandparents, old kinsmen, a deity, and so on’], to honor, to revere; to obey
- Synonym: وَقَّرَ (waqqara, “to revere, to venerate”)
- بَرَّ الصَّبِيُّ وَالِدَيْهِ وَرَبَّهُ
- barra ṣ-ṣabiyyu wālidayhi warabbahu
- The boy obeyed his parents and his Lord.
- (transitive) to deem (an act) true, sincere, or pious; to accept or bless (a religious ritual)
- Synonyms: قَبِلَ (qabila), بَارَك (bārak)
- بَرَّ اللهُ حَجَّهُ وَصَلَاتَهُ
- barra llāhu ḥajjahu waṣalātahu
- Allah accepted his pilgrimage and his prayer.
- (intransitive, of an act, especially religious rituals, such as pilgrimages) to be true, sincere, or pious
- بَرَّ حَجُّهُ وَصَلَاتُهُ
- barra ḥajjuhu waṣalātuhu
- His pilgrimage and prayer were pious.
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
بِرّ birr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bārr | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mabrūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | barirtu |
barirta |
بَرَّ barra |
barirtumā |
barrā |
barirnā |
barirtum |
barrū | |||
f | barirti |
barrat |
barratā |
barirtunna |
barirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabarru |
tabarru |
yabarru |
tabarrāni |
yabarrāni |
nabarru |
tabarrūna |
yabarrūna | |||
f | tabarrīna |
tabarru |
tabarrāni |
tabrarna |
yabrarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabarra |
tabarra |
yabarra |
tabarrā |
yabarrā |
nabarra |
tabarrū |
yabarrū | |||
f | tabarrī |
tabarra |
tabarrā |
tabrarna |
yabrarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabarra or ʔabarri or ʔabrar |
tabarra or tabarri or tabrar |
yabarra or yabarri or yabrar |
tabarrā |
yabarrā |
nabarra or nabarri or nabrar |
tabarrū |
yabarrū | |||
f | tabarrī |
tabarra or tabarri or tabrar |
tabarrā |
tabrarna |
yabrarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | barra or barri or ibrar |
barrā |
barrū |
||||||||
f | barrī |
ibrarna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | burirtu |
burirta |
بُرَّ burra |
burirtumā |
burrā |
burirnā |
burirtum |
burrū | |||
f | burirti |
burrat |
burratā |
burirtunna |
burirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubarru |
tubarru |
yubarru |
tubarrāni |
yubarrāni |
nubarru |
tubarrūna |
yubarrūna | |||
f | tubarrīna |
tubarru |
tubarrāni |
tubrarna |
yubrarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubarra |
tubarra |
yubarra |
tubarrā |
yubarrā |
nubarra |
tubarrū |
yubarrū | |||
f | tubarrī |
tubarra |
tubarrā |
tubrarna |
yubrarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubarra or ʔubarri or ʔubrar |
tubarra or tubarri or tubrar |
yubarra or yubarri or yubrar |
tubarrā |
yubarrā |
nubarra or nubarri or nubrar |
tubarrū |
yubarrū | |||
f | tubarrī |
tubarra or tubarri or tubrar |
tubarrā |
tubrarna |
yubrarna |
Noun
[edit]بِرّ • (birr) m
- verbal noun of بَرَّ (barra) (form I)
- faith, godliness, piety
- respectfulness
- kindness
Declension
[edit]Adjective
[edit]بَرّ • (barr) (masculine plural أَبْرَار (ʔabrār))
- pious
- kind, benevolent
- Synonym: مُحْسِن (muḥsin)
- respectful
- true, sincere
- Synonym: مُخْلِص (muḵliṣ)
Declension
[edit]Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | بَرّ barr |
الْبَرّ al-barr |
بَرَّة barra |
الْبَرَّة al-barra |
Nominative | بَرٌّ barrun |
الْبَرُّ al-barru |
بَرَّةٌ barratun |
الْبَرَّةُ al-barratu |
Accusative | بَرًّا barran |
الْبَرَّ al-barra |
بَرَّةً barratan |
الْبَرَّةَ al-barrata |
Genitive | بَرٍّ barrin |
الْبَرِّ al-barri |
بَرَّةٍ barratin |
الْبَرَّةِ al-barrati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | بَرَّيْن barrayn |
الْبَرَّيْن al-barrayn |
بَرَّتَيْن barratayn |
الْبَرَّتَيْن al-barratayn |
Nominative | بَرَّانِ barrāni |
الْبَرَّانِ al-barrāni |
بَرَّتَانِ barratāni |
الْبَرَّتَانِ al-barratāni |
Accusative | بَرَّيْنِ barrayni |
الْبَرَّيْنِ al-barrayni |
بَرَّتَيْنِ barratayni |
الْبَرَّتَيْنِ al-barratayni |
Genitive | بَرَّيْنِ barrayni |
الْبَرَّيْنِ al-barrayni |
بَرَّتَيْنِ barratayni |
الْبَرَّتَيْنِ al-barratayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَبْرَار ʔabrār |
الْأَبْرَار al-ʔabrār |
بَرَّات barrāt |
الْبَرَّات al-barrāt |
Nominative | أَبْرَارٌ ʔabrārun |
الْأَبْرَارُ al-ʔabrāru |
بَرَّاتٌ barrātun |
الْبَرَّاتُ al-barrātu |
Accusative | أَبْرَارًا ʔabrāran |
الْأَبْرَارَ al-ʔabrāra |
بَرَّاتٍ barrātin |
الْبَرَّاتِ al-barrāti |
Genitive | أَبْرَارٍ ʔabrārin |
الْأَبْرَارِ al-ʔabrāri |
بَرَّاتٍ barrātin |
الْبَرَّاتِ al-barrāti |
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]- second-person masculine singular active imperative of بَارَ (bāra)
Etymology 3
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Triticum_turgidum_L._Bajuwarenhof_Kirchheim_2012-08-05.jpg/280px-Triticum_turgidum_L._Bajuwarenhof_Kirchheim_2012-08-05.jpg)
Probably one of the words Yemenite expatriates picked up in the Byzantine Empire, from Ancient Greek πυρός (purós), similar to فِرْسِك (firsik, “peach”), if it is correct that one has to posit for Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ a meaning “spelt”. Another word for spelt or dinkel wheat is borrowed from Ancient Greek: خَنْدَرُوس (ḵandarūs).
The similar Hebrew בָּר (bār, “grain, corn”) may be instead from the same derivation as the etymon of بَزْر (bazr, “seed”). The similarity to Proto-Slavic *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”) is also likely a coincidence.
Noun
[edit]بُرّ • (burr) m (collective, singulative بُرَّة f (burra), plural أَبْرَار (ʔabrār))
- (now South Ḥijāz, Yemen, Ẓufār) wheat
- c. 950, أبو دلف مسعر بن مهلهل [ʔAbū Dulaf Misʕar Ibn Muhalhal], edited by Kurd von Schlözer, De itinere Asiatico commentarium[1], published 1845 WC GB, pages 18–19:
- فخرجت إلى الساحل أربد بكلة وهذا أول الهند ومنتهى مسير المراكب لا يتهيّأ لها أن يتجاوزها وألا غرقت قال فلما وصلت إلى كلة رأيته وهي عظيمة عالية السور كثيرة البساتين غزيرة الماء ووجدت بها معدن الرصاص القلعي لا يكون إلا في قلعتها في سائر الدنيا، وفي هذه القلعة تضرب السيوف القلعية، وهي الهندية العتيقة … وأهل هذه القلعة يمتنعون على ملكها إذا أرادوا يطيعونه إن أحبوا ورسمهم رسم الصين في ترك الذبائح وليس في جميع الدنيا معدن الرصاص القلعي إلا في هذه القلعة وبينهما وبين الصين ثلثمائة فرسخ وحولها مدن ورساتيق وقرى ولهم أحكام وحبوس وخبايات وأكلهم البر والتمور وبقولهم كلها تباع وزنا وأرغفة خبزهم تباع عددا ولا حمامات لهم بل عندهم عين جارية يغتسلون فيها ودرهمهم يزن ثلثي درهم ويعرف بالفهري ولهم فلوس يتعاملون بها ويلبسون كأهل الصين الإفرند الصيني المثمن وملكها دون ملك الصين ويخطب لملك الصين وقبلته إليه وبيت عبادته له.
- And I went off to the dusty shore of Kala, which is the first and ultimate end of India for vessels, as nobody even dares to imagine to pass by it since he would drown. When I arrived at Kala, I conned it and it is large and has high walls, many gardens and plenty of water, and I found mines of tin not found in the rest of the world but in Qalʕa, and in this Qalʕa one forges the Qalʕaite swords, the excellent Indian ones, and the populace of this Qalʕa withstands its king when it wants and abides by him when it lists, and their tradition is like the tradition of China, refraining from slaughtering beasts, and there aren’t in all the world tin mines but in this Qalʕa, and between them two and China are three-hundred parasang, and there are towns, rural districts and villages, and they have jurisdiction, jails, and corbans, and their food is wheat and dates and all their vegetables they buy by scales, and their bread is bread-rolls they buy by count. They have no baths but a running spring in which they wash, and their dirham weighs as a third-dirham and is known as Fahrī, and they have fulūs with which they commerce, and they dress like the people of China in dear Chinese silks, and their king is subordinate to the King of China, reports to the King of China, his praying direction is to him, his place of sacrifice is towards him.
- a. 1635, علي بن برهان الدين الحلبي, “باب شهوده حلف الفضول”, in Sīra Ḥalabiyya:
- فاتفق أن أمية بن أبي الصلت مر على بني عبد المدان، فرأى طعامهم لباب البر والشهد.
- There has been agreement that Umayya ibn Abī s-Salt passed by the Banū ʕabd al-Madān and he saw that they ate pulp of wheat and honey.
Declension
[edit]Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرّ burr |
الْبُرّ al-burr |
بُرّ burr |
Nominative | بُرٌّ burrun |
الْبُرُّ al-burru |
بُرُّ burru |
Accusative | بُرًّا burran |
الْبُرَّ al-burra |
بُرَّ burra |
Genitive | بُرٍّ burrin |
الْبُرِّ al-burri |
بُرِّ burri |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرَّة burra |
الْبُرَّة al-burra |
بُرَّة burrat |
Nominative | بُرَّةٌ burratun |
الْبُرَّةُ al-burratu |
بُرَّةُ burratu |
Accusative | بُرَّةً burratan |
الْبُرَّةَ al-burrata |
بُرَّةَ burrata |
Genitive | بُرَّةٍ burratin |
الْبُرَّةِ al-burrati |
بُرَّةِ burrati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُرَّتَيْن burratayn |
الْبُرَّتَيْن al-burratayn |
بُرَّتَيْ burratay |
Nominative | بُرَّتَانِ burratāni |
الْبُرَّتَانِ al-burratāni |
بُرَّتَا burratā |
Accusative | بُرَّتَيْنِ burratayni |
الْبُرَّتَيْنِ al-burratayni |
بُرَّتَيْ burratay |
Genitive | بُرَّتَيْنِ burratayni |
الْبُرَّتَيْنِ al-burratayni |
بُرَّتَيْ burratay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرَّات burrāt |
الْبُرَّات al-burrāt |
بُرَّات burrāt |
Nominative | بُرَّاتٌ burrātun |
الْبُرَّاتُ al-burrātu |
بُرَّاتُ burrātu |
Accusative | بُرَّاتٍ burrātin |
الْبُرَّاتِ al-burrāti |
بُرَّاتِ burrāti |
Genitive | بُرَّاتٍ burrātin |
الْبُرَّاتِ al-burrāti |
بُرَّاتِ burrāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَبْرَار ʔabrār |
الْأَبْرَار al-ʔabrār |
أَبْرَار ʔabrār |
Nominative | أَبْرَارٌ ʔabrārun |
الْأَبْرَارُ al-ʔabrāru |
أَبْرَارُ ʔabrāru |
Accusative | أَبْرَارًا ʔabrāran |
الْأَبْرَارَ al-ʔabrāra |
أَبْرَارَ ʔabrāra |
Genitive | أَبْرَارٍ ʔabrārin |
الْأَبْرَارِ al-ʔabrāri |
أَبْرَارِ ʔabrāri |
Bulgar
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *bar-.
Verb
[edit]بَر (bar)
- (Volga Bulgar) to go
- جرمسَن شِونَ بَرسَ وَلتِ ― Çerimsen şıwne barse welti. ― He died when he get to the Çerimsen river.
- فانى دنيارا[ن] باقى اخِرَت بطوى ― Fâni dönyaran bâki axirete ba(r)tuwi. ― He went to eternal afterlife from finite world.
- فانى دنياران كوالجصن باقى اخرة بطوى ― Fânî dönyârân köwelçsan bâkî axirete ba(r)tuwi. ― He went to eternal afterlife while migrating from finite world.
Descendants
[edit]- Chuvash: пыр (pyr)
References
[edit]- Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 163
- Róna-Tas, András (1976) “A Volga Bulgarıan Inscription from 1307”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae[2] (in Bulgar), volume 30, number 2, page 155
- Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language][3] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN
Old Anatolian Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- بیر (bir)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Article
[edit]بر (bir)
Numeral
[edit]بر (bir)
- one (1)
Descendants
[edit]Ottoman Turkish
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : بر (bir) Ordinal : برنجی (birinci) Distributive : برر (birer) | ||
Alternative forms
[edit]- պիր (bir) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology
[edit]From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (“one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Article
[edit]بر • (bir)
Numeral
[edit]بر • (bir)
- one (1)
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: bir
Persian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [baɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bæɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bäɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bar |
Dari reading? | bar |
Iranian reading? | bar |
Tajik reading? | bar |
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭣𐭬 (mdm /abar/, “up; on, over”).
Alternative forms
[edit]- ابر (abar)
Preposition
[edit]Dari | بر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | бар |
بر • (bar)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Persian [script needed] (wl /war/, “breast”).
Noun
[edit]بر • (bar)
Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle Persian [script needed] (bl /bar/, “fruit, produce, profit”).
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]بر • (bar)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 99
- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 17
Further reading
[edit]- Vullers, Johann August (1855) “بر”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[4] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 207–208
- Alviri-Vidari lemmas
- Alviri-Vidari nouns
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ب ر ر
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate verbs by conjugation
- Arabic geminate form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate verbs
- Arabic intransitive verbs
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic adjectives
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote singular
- Arabic adjectives with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic adjectives with broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with sound feminine plural
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms
- Arabic terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Arabic terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Arabic collective nouns
- Yemeni Arabic
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective
- Arabic nouns with triptote singulative in -a
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine paucal
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- ar:Grains
- Bulgar terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Bulgar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Bulgar lemmas
- Bulgar verbs
- Bulgar terms with collocations
- Old Anatolian Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Old Anatolian Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Old Anatolian Turkish lemmas
- Old Anatolian Turkish articles
- Old Anatolian Turkish numerals
- Old Anatolian Turkish cardinal numbers
- Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish articles
- Ottoman Turkish numerals
- Ottoman Turkish cardinal numbers
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian lemmas
- Persian prepositions
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- Rhymes:Persian/ar
- Rhymes:Persian/ar/1 syllable
- Persian non-lemma forms
- Persian verb forms