айран

Bashkir

Айран.

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ayran.

Cognate with Tatar әйрән (äyrän), Kazakh айран (airan), Turkish ayran.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɑj.ˈɾan]
• Hyphenation: ай‧ран

Noun

айран • (ayran)

1. airan

Declension

Inflection of айран (ayran)

	singular only
absolute	айран (ayran)
definite genitive	айрандың (ayrandıñ)
dative	айранға (ayranğa)
definite accusative	айранды (ayrandı)
locative	айранда (ayranda)
ablative	айрандан (ayrandan)

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɐjˈran]
• Hyphenation^(key): ай‧ран

Noun

айра́н • (ajrán) m

1. (dated) Alternative form of айря́н (ajrján)

Usage notes

• Before its 2002 amendment, orthographic dictionaries by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences recommended the usage айра́н (ajrán). Since then, the form айря́н (ajrján) is now considered correct.

Declension

Declension of айра́н

	singular	plural
indefinite	айра́н ajrán	айра́ни ajráni
definite (subject form)	айра́нът ajránǎt	айра́ните ajránite
definite (object form)	айра́на ajrána
count form	—	айра́на ajrána

References

• “айран”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “айра̀н, айря̀н”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 6
• “айран”, in Български тълковен речник [Bulgarian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), fourth edition, Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo, 2005, page 21
• Как се пише: айрян или айран?

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	ايران
Cyrillic	айран
Latin	airan

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ayran.

Noun

айран • (airan)

1. airan

Declension

declension of айран

	singular (жекеше)	plural (көпше)
nominative (атау септік)	айран (airan)	айрандар (airandar)
genitive (ілік септік)	айранның (airannyñ)	айрандардың (airandardyñ)
dative (барыс септік)	айранға (airanğa)	айрандарға (airandarğa)
accusative (табыс септік)	айранды (airandy)	айрандарды (airandardy)
locative (жатыс септік)	айранда (airanda)	айрандарда (airandarda)
ablative (шығыс септік)	айраннан (airannan)	айрандардан (airandardan)
instrumental (көмектес септік)	айранмен (airanmen)	айрандармен (airandarmen)

Khakas

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ayran, however such a word would yield *aźran and not айран (ayran). Thus probably a borrowing from a Kipchak language.

Cognate with Tatar әйрән (äyrän), Kazakh айран (airan), Turkish ayran and Hungarian író (“buttermilk”).

Noun

айран • (ayran)

1. airan, buttermilk

Derived terms

• айран от (ayran ot, “sorrel, dock (plant)”) (lit. airan herb, cf. от (ot).)
• ӌас айран (cas ayran, “fresh, sweet airan”) (cf. ӌас (cas).)
• айран аӌыдарға (ayran acıdarğa, “airan with alcoholic content, kumiss”)

References

• (Online Russian-Khakas Dictionary) [1]
• N. A. Baskakov, A. I. Inkižekova-grekul, editor (1953), “айран”, in Xakassko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Khakas-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Ministerstvo Kulʹtury SSSR, →ISBN, page 21

Russian

Etymology

From a Turkic language; compare to Tatar әйрән (äyrän), Turkish ayran.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɐjˈran]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

айра́н • (ajrán) m inan (genitive айра́на, uncountable)

1. airan

Declension

Declension of айра́н (inan sg-only masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular
nominative	айра́н ajrán
genitive	айра́на ajrána
dative	айра́ну ajránu
accusative	айра́н ajrán
instrumental	айра́ном ajránom
prepositional	айра́не ajráne

Descendants

• → Ingrian: airana

Southern Altai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ayran.

Noun

айран • (ayran)

1. airan

References

N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “айран”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN

Yakut

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian айран (ajran).

Noun

айран • (ayran)

1. airan