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parler

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French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French parler, from Old French parler, from Early Medieval Latin parabolāre, from Latin parabola (“parable, comparison”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ).

Pronunciation

Verb

parler

  1. (intransitive) to speak, talk
    Il a commencé à parler à l’âge de quatre ans. ― He began to speak at the age of four.
    Ils ont parlé plusieurs heures avant d’aller se coucher. ― They spoke several hours before going to sleep.
  2. (transitive) to be able to communicate in a language; to speak
    Elle parle couramment français. ― She speaks French fluently.
  3. (heraldry) to cant; (of a coat of arms) to make a pun of its bearer's name
    armes parlantes ― canting arms
  4. (pronominal)
    se parler à soi-même ― to talk to oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of parler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple parler
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple parlant
/paʁ.lɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle parlé
/paʁ.le/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present parle
/paʁl/2 		parles
/paʁl/ 		parle
/paʁl/ 		parlons
/paʁ.lɔ̃/ 		parlez
/paʁ.le/ 		parlent
/paʁl/
imperfect parlais
/paʁ.lɛ/ 		parlais
/paʁ.lɛ/ 		parlait
/paʁ.lɛ/ 		parlions
/paʁ.ljɔ̃/ 		parliez
/paʁ.lje/ 		parlaient
/paʁ.lɛ/
past historic3 parlai
/paʁ.le/ 		parlas
/paʁ.la/ 		parla
/paʁ.la/ 		parlâmes
/paʁ.lam/ 		parlâtes
/paʁ.lat/ 		parlèrent
/paʁ.lɛʁ/
future parlerai
/paʁ.lə.ʁe/ 		parleras
/paʁ.lə.ʁa/ 		parlera
/paʁ.lə.ʁa/ 		parlerons
/paʁ.lə.ʁɔ̃/ 		parlerez
/paʁ.lə.ʁe/ 		parleront
/paʁ.lə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional parlerais
/paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ 		parlerais
/paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ 		parlerait
/paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ 		parlerions
/paʁ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		parleriez
/paʁ.lə.ʁje/ 		parleraient
/paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior3 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present parle
/paʁl/2 		parles
/paʁl/ 		parle
/paʁl/ 		parlions
/paʁ.ljɔ̃/ 		parliez
/paʁ.lje/ 		parlent
/paʁl/
imperfect3 parlasse
/paʁ.las/ 		parlasses
/paʁ.las/ 		parlât
/paʁ.la/ 		parlassions
/paʁ.la.sjɔ̃/ 		parlassiez
/paʁ.la.sje/ 		parlassent
/paʁ.las/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect3 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — parle
/paʁl/ 		— parlons
/paʁ.lɔ̃/ 		parlez
/paʁ.le/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 parlé when inverted.
3 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Haitian Creole: pale

Noun

parler m (plural parlers)

  1. parlance
  2. vernacular, dialect

See also

Further reading

Middle English

Noun

parler

  1. Alternative form of parlour

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French parler.

Verb

parler

  1. to speak; to talk.

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of parler
infinitive simple parler
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple parlant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle parlé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present parle parles parle parlons parlez parlent
imperfect parlois, parloys parlois, parloys parloit, parloyt parlions, parlyons parliez, parlyez parloient, parloyent
past historic parla parlas parla parlasmes parlastes parlerent
future parlerai, parleray parleras parlera parlerons parlerez parleront
conditional parlerois, parleroys parlerois, parleroys parleroit, parleroyt parlerions, parleryons parleriez, parleryez parleroient, parleroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present parle parles parle parlons parlez parlent
imperfect parlasse parlasses parlast parlassions parlassiez parlassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — parle — parlons parlez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

Norman

Etymology

From Old French parler, from Early Medieval Latin parabolāre.

Verb

parler

  1. to speak

Conjugation

    Conjugation of the verb « parler » in Norman
infinitive parler
gerund parlant
auxiliary aveir1
past participle masculine feminine
singular parlé parlée
plural parlés parlées
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative je (j') tu (t') il, alle,
nos 		je
(nos) 		vos il, alles
present parle parles parle parloms parlez parlent
imperfect parleis parleis parleit parlioms parliez parleient
preterite parlis parlis parlit parlîmes parlîtes parlîtrent
future parlerai parleras parlera parleroms parlerez parleront
conditional parlereis parlereis parlereit parlerioms parleriez parlereient
subjunctive que je (j') que te (t') qu'il, qu'alle,
que nos 		que je
(que nos) 		que vos qu'il, qu'alles
present parle parles parle parlioms parliez parlent
imperfect parlisse parlisse parlît
parlisse 		parlissioms parlissiez parlissent
imperative — tu — je
(nos) 		vos —
parle parloms parlez
1Used with past participles.

Synonyms

  • pâler (partially in Cotentin)

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin parabolāre.

Verb

parler

  1. to speak; to talk

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ols, *-olt are modified to ous, out. This verb has a stressed present stem parol distinct from the unstressed stem parl. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of parler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive parler avoir parlé
gerund en parlant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle parlant
past participle parlé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present parol paroles parole parlons parlez parolent
imperfect parloie, parleie, parloe, parleve parloies, parleies, parloes, parleves parloit, parleit, parlot, parleve parliiens, parliens parliiez, parliez parloient, parleient, parloent, parlevent
preterite parlai parlas parla parlames parlastes parlerent
future parlerai parleras parlera parlerons parleroiz, parlereiz, parlerez parleront
conditional parleroie, parlereie parleroies, parlereies parleroit, parlereit parleriiens, parleriens parleriiez, parleriez parleroient, parlereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present parol parous parout parlons parlez parolent
imperfect parlasse parlasses parlast parlissons, parlissiens parlissoiz, parlissez, parlissiez parlassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— parole — parlons parlez —

Descendants

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