سور
Arabic
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Walls_of_Constantinople_1.jpg/300px-Walls_of_Constantinople_1.jpg)
Etymology 1
Argued to be a loan from Aramaic שׂוּרָא / ܫܘܪܐ (šūrā), but other cognates such as Sabaean 𐩣𐩬𐩪𐩥𐩧𐩩 (mns¹wrt, “walls”) and Tigre ሶር (sor, “partition wall”) (unless that form is itself borrowed from Arabic) suggest that it may in fact be inherited.
Noun
سُور • (sūr) m (plural أَسْوَار (ʔaswār) or سِيرَان (sīrān))
- wall that encloses and protects a building
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سُور sūr |
السُّور as-sūr |
سُور sūr |
Nominative | سُورٌ sūrun |
السُّورُ as-sūru |
سُورُ sūru |
Accusative | سُورًا sūran |
السُّورَ as-sūra |
سُورَ sūra |
Genitive | سُورٍ sūrin |
السُّورِ as-sūri |
سُورِ sūri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | سُورَيْن sūrayn |
السُّورَيْن as-sūrayn |
سُورَيْ sūray |
Nominative | سُورَانِ sūrāni |
السُّورَانِ as-sūrāni |
سُورَا sūrā |
Accusative | سُورَيْنِ sūrayni |
السُّورَيْنِ as-sūrayni |
سُورَيْ sūray |
Genitive | سُورَيْنِ sūrayni |
السُّورَيْنِ as-sūrayni |
سُورَيْ sūray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَسْوَار; سِيرَان ʔaswār; sīrān |
الْأَسْوَار; السِّيرَان al-ʔaswār; as-sīrān |
أَسْوَار; سِيرَان ʔaswār; sīrān |
Nominative | أَسْوَارٌ; سِيرَانٌ ʔaswārun; sīrānun |
الْأَسْوَارُ; السِّيرَانُ al-ʔaswāru; as-sīrānu |
أَسْوَارُ; سِيرَانُ ʔaswāru; sīrānu |
Accusative | أَسْوَارًا; سِيرَانًا ʔaswāran; sīrānan |
الْأَسْوَارَ; السِّيرَانَ al-ʔaswāra; as-sīrāna |
أَسْوَارَ; سِيرَانَ ʔaswāra; sīrāna |
Genitive | أَسْوَارٍ; سِيرَانٍ ʔaswārin; sīrānin |
الْأَسْوَارِ; السِّيرَانِ al-ʔaswāri; as-sīrāni |
أَسْوَارِ; سِيرَانِ ʔaswāri; sīrāni |
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 237
- Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 397
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سور”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
Verb
سَوَّرَ • (sawwara) II (non-past يُسَوِّرُ (yusawwiru), verbal noun تَسْوِير (taswīr))
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَسْوِير taswīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُسَوِّر musawwir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُسَوَّر musawwar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سَوَّرْتُ sawwartu |
سَوَّرْتَ sawwarta |
سَوَّرَ sawwara |
سَوَّرْتُمَا sawwartumā |
سَوَّرَا sawwarā |
سَوَّرْنَا sawwarnā |
سَوَّرْتُمْ sawwartum |
سَوَّرُوا sawwarū | |||
f | سَوَّرْتِ sawwarti |
سَوَّرَتْ sawwarat |
سَوَّرَتَا sawwaratā |
سَوَّرْتُنَّ sawwartunna |
سَوَّرْنَ sawwarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُسَوِّرُ ʔusawwiru |
تُسَوِّرُ tusawwiru |
يُسَوِّرُ yusawwiru |
تُسَوِّرَانِ tusawwirāni |
يُسَوِّرَانِ yusawwirāni |
نُسَوِّرُ nusawwiru |
تُسَوِّرُونَ tusawwirūna |
يُسَوِّرُونَ yusawwirūna | |||
f | تُسَوِّرِينَ tusawwirīna |
تُسَوِّرُ tusawwiru |
تُسَوِّرَانِ tusawwirāni |
تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna |
يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُسَوِّرَ ʔusawwira |
تُسَوِّرَ tusawwira |
يُسَوِّرَ yusawwira |
تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā |
يُسَوِّرَا yusawwirā |
نُسَوِّرَ nusawwira |
تُسَوِّرُوا tusawwirū |
يُسَوِّرُوا yusawwirū | |||
f | تُسَوِّرِي tusawwirī |
تُسَوِّرَ tusawwira |
تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā |
تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna |
يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُسَوِّرْ ʔusawwir |
تُسَوِّرْ tusawwir |
يُسَوِّرْ yusawwir |
تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā |
يُسَوِّرَا yusawwirā |
نُسَوِّرْ nusawwir |
تُسَوِّرُوا tusawwirū |
يُسَوِّرُوا yusawwirū | |||
f | تُسَوِّرِي tusawwirī |
تُسَوِّرْ tusawwir |
تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā |
تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna |
يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | سَوِّرْ sawwir |
سَوِّرَا sawwirā |
سَوِّرُوا sawwirū |
||||||||
f | سَوِّرِي sawwirī |
سَوِّرْنَ sawwirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سُوِّرْتُ suwwirtu |
سُوِّرْتَ suwwirta |
سُوِّرَ suwwira |
سُوِّرْتُمَا suwwirtumā |
سُوِّرَا suwwirā |
سُوِّرْنَا suwwirnā |
سُوِّرْتُمْ suwwirtum |
سُوِّرُوا suwwirū | |||
f | سُوِّرْتِ suwwirti |
سُوِّرَتْ suwwirat |
سُوِّرَتَا suwwiratā |
سُوِّرْتُنَّ suwwirtunna |
سُوِّرْنَ suwwirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُسَوَّرُ ʔusawwaru |
تُسَوَّرُ tusawwaru |
يُسَوَّرُ yusawwaru |
تُسَوَّرَانِ tusawwarāni |
يُسَوَّرَانِ yusawwarāni |
نُسَوَّرُ nusawwaru |
تُسَوَّرُونَ tusawwarūna |
يُسَوَّرُونَ yusawwarūna | |||
f | تُسَوَّرِينَ tusawwarīna |
تُسَوَّرُ tusawwaru |
تُسَوَّرَانِ tusawwarāni |
تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna |
يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُسَوَّرَ ʔusawwara |
تُسَوَّرَ tusawwara |
يُسَوَّرَ yusawwara |
تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā |
يُسَوَّرَا yusawwarā |
نُسَوَّرَ nusawwara |
تُسَوَّرُوا tusawwarū |
يُسَوَّرُوا yusawwarū | |||
f | تُسَوَّرِي tusawwarī |
تُسَوَّرَ tusawwara |
تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā |
تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna |
يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُسَوَّرْ ʔusawwar |
تُسَوَّرْ tusawwar |
يُسَوَّرْ yusawwar |
تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā |
يُسَوَّرَا yusawwarā |
نُسَوَّرْ nusawwar |
تُسَوَّرُوا tusawwarū |
يُسَوَّرُوا yusawwarū | |||
f | تُسَوَّرِي tusawwarī |
تُسَوَّرْ tusawwar |
تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā |
تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna |
يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna |
Etymology 2
Noun
سُوَر • (suwar) f pl
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Arabic سُور (sūr, “wall”), argued to be a loan from Aramaic שׂוּרָא (šūrā, “wall, fortification”).
Noun
سور • (sur) (definite accusative سوری (surı), plural اسوار (esvar) or سیران (sirân))
- wall, any structure built with stones, earth etc. built for defensive pruposes, surrounding a place
- Synonym: دیوار (duvar)
Descendants
- Turkish: sur
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sur2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4358
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sûr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1155
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 697
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Murus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 1106
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 2702
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1088
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Persian سور (sur, “nuptials”), from Old Persian *θūryas (“banquet, feast”).
Noun
سور • (sur)
Descendants
- Turkish: sur
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sur3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4358
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sûr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[7] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1155
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[8], Constantinople: Mihran, page 697
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Nuptiæ”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[9], Vienna, column 1162
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[10], Vienna, column 2702
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[11], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1088
Pashto
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian *cuxráh.
Pronunciation
Adjective
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سور • (sur)
Declension
See also
سپين (spin) | خړ (xëṛ) | تور (tor) |
سور (sur) | نارنجي (nâranji); نسواري (naswâri) | ژېړ (žeṛ) |
شين (šin) | ||
شين (shin) | ||
چوڼيا (čuṇyâ); نيلي (nili) | کینخي (kinaxi) | ګلابي (gwëlâbi) |
Persian
Etymology
From Old Persian *θūryas (“banquet, feast”), from Proto-Iranian *cuHryás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćuHryás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to shine”), see also Sanskrit श्वस् (śvas, “tomorrow”).[1][2] Related to Northern Kurdish sor (“red”).
Noun
سور • (sur)
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سور”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- ^ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. (1861). India: Bishop's College Press, p. 341
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2003) Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
Punjabi
Etymology
Inherited from Prakrit सूअर (sūara), from Sanskrit सूकर (sūkara). Compare Urdu سؤر (sū'ar).
Pronunciation
Noun
سُوْر • (sūr) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੂਰ)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sūkará”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 780
- “سور”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
Southeast Pashayi
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
سوُر (sor)
Further reading
- Abd-El-Malek Lamuwal, Adam Baker (2013) “Southeastern Pashayi”, in Journal of the International Phonetic Association, volume 43, Cambridge: International Phonetic Association, pages 243-246
- Richard F. Strand (2011) Degânʹo Lexicon[12]
Ushojo
Noun
سور (sōr)
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs with و as second radical
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic noun forms
- ar:Walls and fences
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Aramaic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Persian
- ota:Walls and fences
- ota:Marriage
- Pashto terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Pashto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto adjectives
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Punjabi terms inherited from Prakrit
- Punjabi terms derived from Prakrit
- Punjabi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Punjabi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Punjabi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Punjabi/uː.ɾᵊ
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi nouns
- Punjabi nouns in Shahmukhi script
- Punjabi masculine nouns
- Southeast Pashayi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Southeast Pashayi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Southeast Pashayi lemmas
- Southeast Pashayi nouns
- Ushojo lemmas
- Ushojo nouns