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Revision as of 11:00, 24 September 2022
Cimbrian
Etymology 1
From Middle High German von, from Old High German fon (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, *funē. Cognate with German von.
Preposition
von
- (Sette Comuni, + dative) from, of
- Von bannont khèmmatar? ― Where do you come from?
- Von béeme piisto? ― Whose are you? (literally, “Of whom are you?”)
- 'S gaplèttarakh von dennàndarn tüut nia bóol.
- Other people's stuff is never good.
- (literally, “The stuff of others never does well.”)
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Contraction
von
- von + in, from the, of the
References
- “bon” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Friulian
Etymology
Probably ultimately from a derivative of Latin avus, or a related term, possibly a diminutive. Compare Italian avo, avolo. Cf. also archaic Romanian bun (“grandfather”) (modern bunic), Calabrian Sicilian and Piedmontese bona (“grandmother”).
Noun
von m (plural vons)
- grandfather
- Synonym: nono
Related terms
German
Etymology
From Middle High German von (“from”), from Old High German fon, fona (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, *funē (“from”), compound of *afa (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“from, off”)) + *ana (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on”)). Cognate with Old Saxon fana, fan (“from”), Dutch van (“from; of”), Old Frisian fon (“from”).
Pronunciation
Preposition
von (+ dative)
- from
- Ich fahre von Köln nach Hamburg.
- I'm travelling from Cologne to Hamburg.
- Ich hab’s von meiner Schwester gehört.
- I heard it from my sister.
- of, belonging to (often replacing genitive; see usage note below)
- das Auto von meinem Vater ― my father’s car / the car of my father
- by (with passive voice)
- Synonym: durch
- Das Hotel wird von der Firma bezahlt.
- The hotel is paid for by the company.
- about, of (a topic)
- Er hat von seiner Jugend erzählt.
- He told about his youth.
- 1796, Abraham Sahlstedt, Schwedische Grammatik nach dem Sprachgebrauch unserer Zeiten, Lübeck & Leipzig, page 259:
- Von dem Nomine Substantivo, oder dem Hauptworte.
- About the substantive noun, or the [alternative term]. (headline)
- on, with (a resource)
- Von welchem Geld soll ich als Arbeitsloser in Urlaub fahren?
- Being unemployed, on what money should I go on holidays?
- Man kann nicht nur von Luft und Liebe leben.
- You can’t live on air and love alone. (proverb)
Usage notes
- (from): English “from” is generally expressed by means of von, but aus is often used with words for settlements and territories (like Land, Stadt, Dorf, as well as geographical names). One uses von when both the places “from which” and “to which” are given: Dieser Zug fährt von Köln nach Hamburg. – “This train goes from Cologne to Hamburg.” If the further direction is not given, aus is the normal choice: Dieser Zug kommt aus Köln. – “This train is coming from Cologne.” The phrase: Dieser Zug kommt von Köln is not wrong but has a colloquial ring to it.
- (of): The preposition von is used to replace possessive and partitive genitives, sometimes also genitives with prepositions. Such replacement can be obligatory, optional, or restricted to the colloquial register:
- It is obligatory if the genitive cannot be expressed grammatically, which is the case with common nouns not preceded by any declinable articles, determiners, or adjectives: die Rechte von Kindern (“children’s rights”); der Geschmack von Käse (“the taste of cheese”). It is also true of most singular pronouns and all personal pronouns: der Geschmack von diesem (“the taste of this”); ein Freund von mir (“a friend of mine”).
- The replacement is optional in cases such as the following: 1.) with those pronouns that do have an applicable genitive form, chiefly plurals: die Arbeit vieler = die Arbeit von vielen (“the work of many”); 2.) with the numeral genitives zweier and dreier (see the Declension sections of zwei and drei); 3.) with proper nouns, particularly geographical names: die Kirchen Roms = die Kirchen von Rom (“the churches of Rome”); 4.) with common nouns preceded only by an adjective: die Rechte kleiner Kinder = die Rechte von kleinen Kindern (“small children’s rights”).
- The replacement is colloquial in most other cases. Any possessive or partitive genitive can, per se, be replaced with a von-phrase, which is normal in speech, and virtually obligatory in colloquial speech. In formal writing, however, it is generally considered incorrect and unusual. This is one of the gravest grammatical differences between colloquial and literary German.
- In older usage, Latin nouns often occurred in the ablative case after von. This is now obsolete, Latin case inflections never being used in contemporary German (except the genitives of a few personal names).
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “von” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “von”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891----
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Of unknown origin.[1]
Verb
von
- (transitive) to pull, draw, attract
- Synonym: húz
- Félrevonta a barátját. ― He/she drew/pulled his/her friend aside.
- Magához vonta a lányt. ― He drew/pulled her closer to himself.
- Magára vonta a tanára figyelmét. ― He drew/attracted his teacher’s attention.
- (transitive) to cover, envelop, enclose, encircle, surround
- Synonyms: fed, befed, beborít
- Csokoládéval vonta be a felszínét. ― She covered its surface with chocolate.
- Élőláncot vontak az épület köré. ― They formed a human chain around the building. (literally, “they enclosed the building with…”)
- A varázsló pajzsot vont maga köré. ― The wizard surrounded himself with a shield.
Conjugation
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | vonok | vonsz | von | vonunk | vontok | vonnak | |
Def. | vonom | vonod | vonja | vonjuk | vonjátok | vonják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | vontam | vontál | vont | vontunk | vontatok | vontak | ||
Def. | vontam | vontad | vonta | vontuk | vontátok | vonták | |||
2nd-p. o. | vontalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. vonni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | vonék | vonál | vona | vonánk | vonátok | vonának | ||
Def. | vonám | vonád | voná | vonánk | vonátok | vonák | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. von vala, vont vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | vonandok | vonandasz | vonand | vonandunk | vonandotok | vonandanak | ||
Def. | vonandom | vonandod | vonandja | vonandjuk | vonandjátok | vonandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | vonnék | vonnál | vonna | vonnánk | vonnátok | vonnának | |
Def. | vonnám | vonnád | vonná | vonnánk (or vonnók) |
vonnátok | vonnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vont volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | vonjak | vonj or vonjál |
vonjon | vonjunk | vonjatok | vonjanak | |
Def. | vonjam | vond or vonjad |
vonja | vonjuk | vonjátok | vonják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vont légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | vonni | vonnom | vonnod | vonnia | vonnunk | vonnotok | vonniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
vonás | vonó | vont | vonandó | vonva (vonván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | vonhatok | vonhatsz | vonhat | vonhatunk | vonhattok | vonhatnak | |
Def. | vonhatom | vonhatod | vonhatja | vonhatjuk | vonhatjátok | vonhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | vonhattam | vonhattál | vonhatott | vonhattunk | vonhattatok | vonhattak | ||
Def. | vonhattam | vonhattad | vonhatta | vonhattuk | vonhattátok | vonhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | vonhaték | vonhatál | vonhata | vonhatánk | vonhatátok | vonhatának | ||
Def. | vonhatám | vonhatád | vonhatá | vonhatánk | vonhatátok | vonhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. vonhat vala, vonhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | vonhatandok or vonandhatok |
vonhatandasz or vonandhatsz |
vonhatand or vonandhat |
vonhatandunk or vonandhatunk |
vonhatandotok or vonandhattok |
vonhatandanak or vonandhatnak | ||
Def. | vonhatandom or vonandhatom |
vonhatandod or vonandhatod |
vonhatandja or vonandhatja |
vonhatandjuk or vonandhatjuk |
vonhatandjátok or vonandhatjátok |
vonhatandják or vonandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonhatandalak or vonandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | vonhatnék | vonhatnál | vonhatna | vonhatnánk | vonhatnátok | vonhatnának | |
Def. | vonhatnám | vonhatnád | vonhatná | vonhatnánk (or vonhatnók) |
vonhatnátok | vonhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vonhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | vonhassak | vonhass or vonhassál |
vonhasson | vonhassunk | vonhassatok | vonhassanak | |
Def. | vonhassam | vonhasd or vonhassad |
vonhassa | vonhassuk | vonhassátok | vonhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | vonhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vonhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (vonhatni) | (vonhatnom) | (vonhatnod) | (vonhatnia) | (vonhatnunk) | (vonhatnotok) | (vonhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | vonható | Neg. adj. | vonhatatlan | Adv. part. | (vonhatva / vonhatván) | ||||
Usage notes
Many terms formed with von are rendered in English with -tract, e.g. elvon (“to abstract”), összevon (“to contract”), levon (“to detract”), elvon (“to distract”), kivon (“to extract, subtract”), and visszavon (“to retract”).
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Korean 원 (won, also 圓 in hanja), from Sinitic 圓/圆 (yuán, “circle” > “round coin”).
Noun
von
- won (currency)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | von | vonok |
accusative | vont | vonokat |
dative | vonnak | vonoknak |
instrumental | vonnal | vonokkal |
causal-final | vonért | vonokért |
translative | vonná | vonokká |
terminative | vonig | vonokig |
essive-formal | vonként | vonokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | vonban | vonokban |
superessive | vonon | vonokon |
adessive | vonnál | vonoknál |
illative | vonba | vonokba |
sublative | vonra | vonokra |
allative | vonhoz | vonokhoz |
elative | vonból | vonokból |
delative | vonról | vonokról |
ablative | vontól | vonoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
voné | vonoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
vonéi | vonokéi |
Possessive forms of von | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | vonom | vonjaim |
2nd person sing. | vonod | vonjaid |
3rd person sing. | vonja | vonjai |
1st person plural | vonunk | vonjaink |
2nd person plural | vonotok | vonjaitok |
3rd person plural | vonjuk | vonjaik |
References
- ^ von in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- von in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse ván, from Proto-Germanic *wēniz.
Pronunciation
Noun
von f (genitive singular vonar, nominative plural vonir)
Declension
Derived terms
- eiga von á (“to expect”)
- hopeful
- von bráðar (“soon”)
- til vonar og vara (“as a precaution”)
- ekki nema von (“no wonder!”)
- á dauða mínum átti ég von
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Old Norse ván, vón, ón, from Proto-Germanic *wēniz.
Pronunciation
Noun
von f (definite singular vona, indefinite plural voner, definite plural vonene)
- hope
- expectation
- likelyhood, eventuality
- something that is showing promise
- (fishing) a place where one hopes to make a good catch
Synonyms
- (hope): håp
Etymology 2
From the Old Norse preposition án (“without”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
von (singular and plural von)
Etymology 3
From German von. Doublet of van. The noun is derived from the preposition.
Pronunciation
Preposition
von
Noun
von m (definite singular vonen, indefinite plural vonar, definite plural vonane)
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
von
- imperative of vone
References
- “von” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vъnъ.
Pronunciation
Adverb
von
Further reading
- “von”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Swedish
Etymology
Preposition
von
Anagrams
Vlax Romani
Pronoun
von
Westrobothnian
Pronunciation
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Etymology 1
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Noun
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- Hope, expectation that something will happen, opportunity.
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Related terms
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Etymology 2
Noun
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- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "gmq-bot" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. A determined task, undertaking.
- Synonym of Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "gmq-bot" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E..
Derived terms
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References
- Rietz, Johan Ernst, “von”, “von”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 822, 840
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian prepositions
- Sette Comuni Cimbrian
- Cimbrian terms with usage examples
- Cimbrian non-lemma forms
- Cimbrian contractions
- Friulian terms inherited from Latin
- Friulian terms derived from Latin
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian nouns
- Friulian masculine nouns
- fur:Family
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German prepositions
- German terms with usage examples
- German terms with quotations
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/on
- Rhymes:Hungarian/on/1 syllable
- Hungarian terms with unknown etymologies
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms borrowed from Korean
- Hungarian terms derived from Korean
- Hungarian terms derived from Sinitic languages
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian three-letter words
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with noun and verb etymologies
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔːn
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔːn/1 syllable
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- nn:Fishing
- Norwegian Nynorsk adjectives
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with rare senses
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from German
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from German
- Norwegian Nynorsk doublets
- Norwegian Nynorsk prepositions
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak adverbs
- Swedish terms borrowed from German
- Swedish terms derived from German
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish prepositions
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Vlax Romani lemmas
- Vlax Romani pronouns
- Vlax Romani personal pronouns