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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{IPA|en|/bliːk/}} |
* {{IPA|en|/bliːk/}} |
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* {{audio|en|en-us-bleak.ogg| |
* {{audio|en|en-us-bleak.ogg|a=US}} |
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* {{rhymes|en|iːk|s=1}} |
* {{rhymes|en|iːk|s=1}} |
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===Etymology 1=== |
===Etymology 1=== |
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From {{inh|en|enm|bleke}} (also {{m|enm|bleche}} |
From {{inh|en|enm|bleke}} (also {{m|enm|bleche}}, whence the English {{glossary|doublet}} {{doublet|en|bleach|t1=pale, bleak|notext=1}}), and {{m|enm|bleike}} (due to Old Norse), and earlier {{inh|en|enm|blak}}, {{m|enm|blac||pale, wan}}, from {{inh|en|ang|blǣc}}, {{m|ang|blǣċ}}, {{m|ang|blāc||bleak, pale, pallid}} and {{der|en|non|bleikr||pale, whitish}},<ref>{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary|bleak}}</ref> all from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*blaikaz||pale, shining}}. |
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Cognate with {{cog|nl|bleek||pale, wan, pallid}}, {{cog|nds|blek||pale}}, {{cog|de|bleich||pale, wan, sallow}}, {{cog|da|bleg||pale}}, {{cog|sv|blek||pale, pallid}}, {{cog|nb|bleik}}, {{m|nb|blek||pale}}, {{cog|nn|bleik||pale}}, {{cog|fo|bleikur||pale}}, {{cog|is|bleikur||pale, pink}}. |
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====Adjective==== |
====Adjective==== |
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# Without [[color]]; [[pale]]; [[pallid]]. |
# Without [[color]]; [[pale]]; [[pallid]]. |
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⚫ | |||
#* {{RQ:Foxe Martyrs}} |
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⚫ | |||
# [[desolate|Desolate]] and [[exposed]]; [[swept]] by cold [[winds]]. |
# [[desolate|Desolate]] and [[exposed]]; [[swept]] by cold [[winds]]. |
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#: {{ |
#: {{co|en|a '''bleak''' and bare rock    a '''bleak''', crater-pocked moonscape}} |
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#: {{ux|en|They escaped across the '''bleak''' landscape.}} |
#: {{ux|en|They escaped across the '''bleak''' landscape.}} |
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#: {{ux|en|We hiked across open meadows and climbed '''bleak''' mountains.}} |
#: {{ux|en|We hiked across open meadows and climbed '''bleak''' mountains.}} |
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#* |
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1793|author=w:William Wordsworth|title=Descriptive Sketches |
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|passage=Wastes too '''bleak''' to rear / The common growth of earth, the foodful ear.}} |
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#* {{RQ:Longfellow Ballads|poem=The Wreck of the Hesperus|stanza=20|page=47|passage=At daybreak, on the '''bleak''' sea-beach, / A fisherman stood aghast, / To see the form of a maiden fair, / Lashed close to a drifting mast.}} |
#* {{RQ:Longfellow Ballads|poem=The Wreck of the Hesperus|stanza=20|page=47|passage=At daybreak, on the '''bleak''' sea-beach, / A fisherman stood aghast, / To see the form of a maiden fair, / Lashed close to a drifting mast.}} |
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# [[unhappy|Unhappy]]; [[cheerless]]; [[miserable]]; emotionally desolate. |
# [[unhappy|Unhappy]]; [[cheerless]]; [[miserable]]; emotionally desolate. |
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#* {{quote-web|en|author=Alex McLevy|title=The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies) |
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⚫ | |url=https://tv.avclub.com/the-final-game-of-thrones-brings-a-pensive-and-dark-med-1834878199|work= |
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#: {{ux|en|Downtown Albany felt '''bleak''' that February after the divorce.}} |
#: {{ux|en|Downtown Albany felt '''bleak''' that February after the divorce.}} |
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#: {{ux|en|A '''bleak''' future is in store for you.}} |
#: {{ux|en|A '''bleak''' future is in store for you.}} |
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#: {{ux|en|The news is '''bleak'''.}} |
#: {{ux|en|The news is '''bleak'''.}} |
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#: {{ux|en|The survey paints a '''bleak''' picture.}} |
#: {{ux|en|The survey paints a '''bleak''' picture.}} |
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⚫ | #* {{quote-web|1=en|author=Alex McLevy|title=The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)|url=https://tv.avclub.com/the-final-game-of-thrones-brings-a-pensive-and-dark-med-1834878199|work=w:The A.V. Club|date=19 May 2019|passage=Dany didn’t necessarily have to die, but letting her live would’ve been an assessment of humanity so '''bleak''' that even George R.R. Martin, it seems, wants to hope for something better.|accessdate=23 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522140424/https://tv.avclub.com/the-final-game-of-thrones-brings-a-pensive-and-dark-med-1834878199|archivedate=22 May 2019}} |
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=====Synonyms===== |
=====Synonyms===== |
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=====Derived terms===== |
=====Derived terms===== |
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{{col-auto|en|bleakish|bleakly|bleakness|bleakonomics|bleaksome|unbleak|bleaken}} |
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⚫ | |||
=====Translations===== |
=====Translations===== |
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* Catalan: {{t+|ca|pàl·lid}} |
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|pàl·lid}} |
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* Chinese: |
* Chinese: |
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*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|苍白 |
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|苍白}} |
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* Czech: {{t+|cs|bledý}} |
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* Danish: {{t+|da|bleg}} |
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* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bleek}}, {{t+|nl|kleurloos}} |
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bleek}}, {{t+|nl|kleurloos}} |
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* Estonian: {{t|et|kaame}}, {{t|et|kahvatu}}, {{t|et|plass}} |
* Estonian: {{t|et|kaame}}, {{t|et|kahvatu}}, {{t|et|plass}} |
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* German: {{t+|de|farblos}}, {{t+|de|bleich}}, {{t|de|ausgeblichen}} |
* German: {{t+|de|farblos}}, {{t+|de|bleich}}, {{t|de|ausgeblichen}} |
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* Greek: {{t+|el|άχρωμος|m|sc=Grek}} |
* Greek: {{t+|el|άχρωμος|m|sc=Grek}} |
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{{trans-mid}} |
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* Italian: {{t+|it|pallido}}, {{t+|it|incolore}} |
* Italian: {{t+|it|pallido}}, {{t+|it|incolore}} |
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* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|pálido |
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|pálido}} |
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* Romanian: {{t+|ro|palid}}, {{t+|ro|spălăcit}} |
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|palid}}, {{t+|ro|spălăcit}} |
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* Russian: {{t+|ru|бесцве́тный}}, {{t+|ru|бле́дный}} |
* Russian: {{t+|ru|бесцве́тный}}, {{t+|ru|бле́дный}} |
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* |
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|giarnu}}, {{t|scn|sbiancatu}}, {{t|scn|sghiancatu}} |
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* Spanish: {{t|es|[[sin]] [[color]]}}, {{t+|es|pálido}} |
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* Swedish: {{t+|sv|blek}}, {{t+|sv|färglös}} |
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|blek}}, {{t+|sv|färglös}} |
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* Turkish: {{t+|tr|solgun}}, {{t+|tr|soluk}}, {{t+|tr|renksiz}} |
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|solgun}}, {{t+|tr|soluk}}, {{t+|tr|renksiz}} |
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* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դժգույն}} |
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դժգույն}} |
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* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|гол}}, {{t+|bg|открит}} |
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|гол}}, {{t+|bg|открит}} |
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* Catalan: {{t|ca|desolat}}, {{t+|ca|erm}} |
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|desolat}}, {{t+|ca|erm}} |
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* Chinese: |
* Chinese: |
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*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|荒凉 |
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|荒凉}} |
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* Czech: {{t+|cs|neutěšený}}, {{t|cs|nehostinný}}, {{t+|cs|pustý}} |
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* Dutch: {{t+|nl|desolaat}}, {{t+|nl|guur}} |
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|desolaat}}, {{t+|nl|guur}} |
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* Finnish: {{t+|fi|karu}}, {{t+|fi|paljas}} |
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|karu}}, {{t+|fi|paljas}} |
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* Georgian: {{t|ka|ღია}}, {{t|ka|დაუცველი}}, {{t|ka|მოტიტვლებული}} |
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* German: {{t+|de|öde}}, {{t+|de|ungeschützt}}, {{t+|de|trostlos}}, {{t+|de|kahl}}, {{t+|de|karg}}, {{t+|de|desolat}} |
* German: {{t+|de|öde}}, {{t+|de|ungeschützt}}, {{t+|de|trostlos}}, {{t+|de|kahl}}, {{t+|de|karg}}, {{t+|de|desolat}} |
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* Greek: {{t+|el|έρημος|m|sc=Grek}}, {{t+|el|ψυχρός|m|sc=Grek}} |
* Greek: {{t+|el|έρημος|m|sc=Grek}}, {{t+|el|ψυχρός|m|sc=Grek}} |
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* Irish: {{t|ga|argail}} |
* Irish: {{t|ga|argail}}, {{t|ga|dearóil}} |
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* Italian: {{t+|it|desolato}} |
* Italian: {{t+|it|desolato}} |
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{{trans-mid}} |
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* Manx: {{t|gv|meayl}} |
* Manx: {{t|gv|meayl}} |
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* Maori: {{t|mi|hāhā}}, {{t|mi|mōwai}}, {{t|mi|hahore}}, {{t|mi|tūhea}} |
* Maori: {{t|mi|hāhā}}, {{t|mi|mōwai}}, {{t|mi|hahore}}, {{t|mi|tūhea}} |
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* Russian: {{t+|ru|го́лый}}, {{t+|ru|откры́тый}}, {{t+|ru|незащищённый}} |
* Russian: {{t+|ru|го́лый}}, {{t+|ru|откры́тый}}, {{t+|ru|незащищённый}} |
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* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|lom}} |
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|lom}} |
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* Sicilian: {{t|scn|ngustiatu}} |
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* Spanish: {{t+|es|desolado}}, {{t+|es|yermo}} |
* Spanish: {{t+|es|desolado}}, {{t+|es|yermo}} |
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{{trans-bottom}} |
{{trans-bottom}} |
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* Catalan: {{t+|ca|amargat}}, {{t+|ca|pansit}} |
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|amargat}}, {{t+|ca|pansit}} |
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* Chinese: |
* Chinese: |
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*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|黯淡 |
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|黯淡}}, {{t+|cmn|惨淡}} |
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* Czech: {{t|cs|neradostný}}, {{t|cs|bezútěšný}}, {{t+|cs|pochmurný}} |
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* Dutch: {{t+|nl|vreugdeloos}} |
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|vreugdeloos}} |
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* Finnish: {{t+|fi|synkkä}}, {{t+|fi|kolkko}} |
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|synkkä}}, {{t+|fi|kolkko}} |
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* German: {{t+|de|freudlos}}, {{t+|de|trostlos}}, {{t+|de|trübe}}, {{t+|de|düster}}, {{t+|de|desolat}} |
* German: {{t+|de|freudlos}}, {{t+|de|trostlos}}, {{t+|de|trübe}}, {{t+|de|düster}}, {{t+|de|desolat}} |
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* Greek: {{t+|el|άχαρος|m|sc=Grek}}, {{t+|el|θλιβερός|m|sc=Grek}}, {{t+|el|άθλιος|m|sc=Grek}} |
* Greek: {{t+|el|άχαρος|m|sc=Grek}}, {{t+|el|θλιβερός|m|sc=Grek}}, {{t+|el|άθλιος|m|sc=Grek}} |
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* Irish: {{t|ga|dearóil}} |
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* Italian: {{t+|it|triste}}, {{t+|it|misero}}, {{t+|it|infelice}} |
* Italian: {{t+|it|triste}}, {{t+|it|misero}}, {{t+|it|infelice}} |
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{{trans-mid}} |
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* Maori: {{t|mi|mōkinokino}} |
* Maori: {{t|mi|mōkinokino}} |
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* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|desanimado}} |
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|desanimado}} |
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* Russian: {{t+|ru|мра́чный}}, {{t+|ru|безра́достный}} |
* Russian: {{t+|ru|мра́чный}}, {{t+|ru|безра́достный}} |
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* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|gruamach}} |
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|gruamach}} |
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* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|mischinu}}, {{t|scn|nfilici}} |
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* Spanish: {{t+|es|alegría|alt=sin alegría}}, {{t+|es|amargado}} |
* Spanish: {{t+|es|alegría|alt=sin alegría}}, {{t+|es|amargado}} |
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* Swedish: {{t+|sv|dyster}} |
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|dyster}} |
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* Turkish: {{t+|tr|kasvetli}}, {{t+|tr|kara}} |
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{{trans-bottom}} |
{{trans-bottom}} |
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{{checktrans-top}} |
{{checktrans-top}} |
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* |
* Slovene: {{t+check|sl|bled}} (1) |
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{{trans-mid}} |
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{{trans-bottom}} |
{{trans-bottom}} |
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{{wikipedia}} |
{{wikipedia}} |
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# A small European river [[fish]] ( |
# A small European river [[fish]] ({{taxfmt|Alburnus alburnus|species}}), of the family {{taxfmt|Cyprinidae|family}}. |
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=====Synonyms===== |
=====Synonyms===== |
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=====Derived terms===== |
=====Derived terms===== |
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⚫ | |||
* {{l|en|sunbleak}} |
* {{l|en|sunbleak}} |
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=====Translations===== |
=====Translations===== |
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{{trans-top|small European river fish}} |
{{trans-top|small European river fish}} |
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* Albanian: {{t+|sq|gjuhcë|f}}, {{t+|sq|cironkë|f}}, {{t|sq|cime|f}} |
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|gjuhcë|f}}, {{t+|sq|cironkë|f}}, {{t|sq|cime|f}}, {{t|sq|korobace}} |
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* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|уклей|m}}, {{t|bg|блескач|m}} |
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|уклей|m}}, {{t|bg|блескач|m}} |
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* Catalan: {{t|ca|alburn}} |
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|alburn}} |
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* Czech: {{t|cs|ouklej obecená|f}} |
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* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bliek|m}} |
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bliek|m}} |
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* Estonian: {{t|et|viidikas}} |
* Estonian: {{t|et|viidikas}} |
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* German: {{t+|de|Laube|m}}, {{t+|de|Ukelei|m}} |
* German: {{t+|de|Laube|m}}, {{t+|de|Ukelei|m}} |
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* Greek: {{t|el|σίρκο|n|sc=Grek}} |
* Greek: {{t|el|σίρκο|n|sc=Grek}} |
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* Hungarian: {{t|hu|küsz}}, {{t|hu|szélhajtó küsz}}, {{t|hu|sneci}} |
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|küsz}}, {{t+|hu|szélhajtó küsz}}, {{t+|hu|sneci}} |
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* Ingrian: {{t|izh|ukleikka}} |
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* Italian: {{t+|it|alborella|f}}, {{t+|it|alburno|m}} |
* Italian: {{t+|it|alborella|f}}, {{t+|it|alburno|m}} |
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* Komi-Zyrian: {{t|kpv|бадькормык}}, {{t|kpv|бадькор}}, {{t|kpv|шаклей}} |
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* Latin: {{t|la|alburnus|m}}, {{t|la|albica|f}} {{qualifier|Mediaeval}} |
* Latin: {{t|la|alburnus|m}}, {{t|la|albica|f}} {{qualifier|Mediaeval}} |
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{{trans-mid}} |
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* Latvian: {{t|lv|vīķe|f}} |
* Latvian: {{t|lv|vīķe|f}} |
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* Luxembourgish: {{t+|lb|Aalbes|f}} |
* Luxembourgish: {{t+|lb|Aalbes|f}} |
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* Mari: |
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*: Eastern Mari: {{t|mhr|мыле}}, {{t|mhr|вишкыле}}, {{t|mhr|шапкагол}} |
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*: Western Mari: {{t|mrj|сильди}} |
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* Mazanderani: {{t|mzn|اسلف|tr=aslef}}, {{t|mzn|اسلک|tr=aslek}} |
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* Old English: {{t|ang|blǣġe|f}} |
* Old English: {{t|ang|blǣġe|f}} |
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* Polish: {{t+|pl|ukleja|f}} |
* Polish: {{t+|pl|ukleja|f}} |
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* Spanish: {{t+|es|albur|m}}, {{t+|es|alburno}} |
* Spanish: {{t+|es|albur|m}}, {{t+|es|alburno}} |
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* Swedish: {{t+|sv|löja|c}} |
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|löja|c}} |
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* Udmurt: {{t|udm|бадькуар}}, {{t|udm|вувылчорыг}} |
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* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|верхово́дка|f|sc=Cyrl}} |
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|верхово́дка|f|sc=Cyrl}} |
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{{trans-bottom}} |
{{trans-bottom}} |
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* {{anagrams|en|a=abekl|Balke|Blake|Kabel|Kaleb|blake}} |
* {{anagrams|en|a=abekl|Balke|Blake|Kabel|Kaleb|blake}} |
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{{cln|en|terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleyǵ-}} |
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{{C|en|Leuciscine fish}} |
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[[Category:en:Cyprinids]] |
Revision as of 09:57, 27 September 2024
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle English bleke (also bleche, whence the English doublet bleach (“pale, bleak”)), and bleike (due to Old Norse), and earlier Middle English blak, blac (“pale, wan”), from Old English blǣc, blǣċ, blāc (“bleak, pale, pallid”) and Old Norse bleikr (“pale, whitish”),[1] all from Proto-Germanic *blaikaz (“pale, shining”).
Cognate with Dutch bleek (“pale, wan, pallid”), Low German blek (“pale”), German bleich (“pale, wan, sallow”), Danish bleg (“pale”), Swedish blek (“pale, pallid”), Norwegian Bokmål bleik, blek (“pale”), Norwegian Nynorsk bleik (“pale”), Faroese bleikur (“pale”), Icelandic bleikur (“pale, pink”).
Adjective
bleak (comparative bleaker, superlative bleakest)
- Without color; pale; pallid.
- 1563 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC:
- When she came out she looked as pale and as bleak as one that were laid out dead.
- Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds.
- a bleak and bare rock a bleak, crater-pocked moonscape
- They escaped across the bleak landscape.
- We hiked across open meadows and climbed bleak mountains.
- 1793, William Wordsworth, Descriptive Sketches:
- Wastes too bleak to rear / The common growth of earth, the foodful ear.
- 1840 January 10, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[Ballads.] The Wreck of the Hesperus.”, in Ballads and Other Poems, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1842, →OCLC, stanza 20, page 47:
- At daybreak, on the bleak sea-beach, / A fisherman stood aghast, / To see the form of a maiden fair, / Lashed close to a drifting mast.
- Unhappy; cheerless; miserable; emotionally desolate.
- Downtown Albany felt bleak that February after the divorce.
- A bleak future is in store for you.
- The news is bleak.
- The survey paints a bleak picture.
- 2019 May 19, Alex McLevy, “The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club[1], archived from the original on 22 May 2019:
- Dany didn’t necessarily have to die, but letting her live would’ve been an assessment of humanity so bleak that even George R.R. Martin, it seems, wants to hope for something better.
Synonyms
- (sickly pale): see also Thesaurus:pallid
Derived terms
Translations
|
|
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 2
From Middle English bleke (“small river fish, bleak, blay”), perhaps an alteration (due to English blǣc (“bright”) or Old Norse bleikja) of Old English blǣġe (“bleak, blay, gudgeon”); or perhaps from a diminutive of Middle English *bleye (“blay”), equivalent to blay + -ock or blay + -kin. See blay.
Noun
bleak (plural bleaks or bleak)
- A small European river fish (Alburnus alburnus), of the family Cyprinidae.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
|
References
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “bleak”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Anagrams
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/iːk
- Rhymes:English/iːk/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English doublets
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms derived from Old Norse
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with collocations
- English terms with usage examples
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English indeclinable nouns
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleyǵ-
- en:Leuciscine fish