扞

See also: 擀 and 捍

扞 U+625E, 扞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-625E ← 扝 [U+625D] CJK Unified Ideographs 扟 → [U+625F]

Translingual

Han character

扞 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 手一十 (QMJ), four-corner 5104₀, composition ⿰扌干)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 418, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11802
• Dae Jaweon: page 764, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1828, character 6
• Unihan data for U+625E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		扞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
訐	*krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	*kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	*kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	*kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	*kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎	*kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	*ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	*qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕	*qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊	*qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	*ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍	*ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	*ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːns) : semantic 手 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hon² / hon⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hon² / hon⁶
    • Yale: hón / hohn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon² / hon⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon² / hon⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn³⁵/, /hɔːn²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: hanH

Rime
Character	扞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	侯旰切
Baxter	hanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦanH/
Li Rong	/ɣɑnH/
Wang Li	/ɣɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤa[r]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	扞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hanH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁa[r]-s/
English	ward off; protect, guard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	扞
Reading #	1/1
No.	3620
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	翰
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːns/

Definitions

扞

1. to resist
2. to offend
3. to prevent
4. to cover
5. leather sleeve
6. Alternative form of 悍 (hàn)

Compounds

• 扞拒
• 扞格 (hàngé)
• 扞格不入
• 扞格不通 (hàngébùtōng)
• 扞蔽
• 扞衛／扞卫

 

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: cản

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 扞 – see 捍 (“to defend; to guard; to protect; to resist; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified and variant form of 捍).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 扞 – see 擀 (“to roll”). (This character is a variant form of 擀).

Japanese

Kanji

扞

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan)
• Kun: ふせぐ (fusegu, 扞ぐ)

Korean

Hanja

扞 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

扞: Hán Nôm readings: cản, hãn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.