Hymns in the Chinook Jargon Language

by Myron Eells

HYMNS

IN THE

CHINOOK JARGON LANGUAGE

COMPILED BY

Rev. M. Eells.

• * *

Missionary of the American Missionary Association.

SECOND EDITION,

Revised and Enlarged.

PORTLAND, OREGON:

DAVID STEEL, SUCCESSOR TO HIMES THE PRINTER,

169-171 Second Street,

1889.

Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1878, also 1889, by
GEO. H. HIMES,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress,
Washington, D. C.

NOTE.

These hymns have grown out of Christian work among the Indians. They repeat often, because they are intended chiefly for Indians who cannot read, and hence must memorize them; but as soon as they learn to read, they sing in English. It will be noticed that often two syllables must be sung to one note, as in the first word in No. 9, nika is sung to the first note of "Happy Land," and in No. 2, in the first line, skookum is sung to one note. The chief peculiarity which I have noticed in making hymns in this language is, that a large proportion of the words are often two syllables, and a large majority of these have the accent on the second syllable, which renders it almost impossible to compose any hymns in long, common or short metres. In the second edition a hymn has been added in each of the Skokomish, Nisqually and Clallam languages, and also a medley in the four languages.

M. E.

Skokomish, Mason County,

Washington Territory,

February, 1889

[4]

No. 1.

Tune, “John Brown.”

1. Jesus chako kopa Saghalie,

(Repeat twice.)

Jesus hias kloshe.

Jesus wawa kopa tillikums,

(Repeat twice.)

Jesus hias kloshe.

2. Jesus wawa wake kliminiwhit,

Jesus hias kloshe.

Jesus wawa wake kapswalla.

Jesus hias kloshe.

3. Kopa nika Jesus mimaloose,

Jesus hias kloshe.

Jesus klatawa kopa Saghalie,

Jesus hias kloshe.

4. Alta Jesus mitlite kopa Saghalie,

Jesus hias kloshe.

Yaka Jesus tikegh nika klatawa,

Jesus hias kloshe.

[5]

TRANSLATION.

1. Jesus came from Heaven,

Jesus is very good.

Jesus taught the people,

Jesus is very good.

2. Jesus said, do not lie,

Jesus is very good.

Jesus said, do not steal,

Jesus is very good.

3. For me Jesus died,

Jesus is very good.

Jesus went to heaven,

Jesus is very good.

4. Now Jesus lives in Heaven,

Jesus is very good.

There Jesus wishes me to go,

Jesus is very good.

[6]

No. 2.

Tune, “Jesus Loves Me.”

1. Kwanesum Jesus hias skookum,

(Repeat twice.)

Kahkwa yaka papeh wawa—

Chorus—

Delate, nawitka—

(Repeat twice.)

Kahkwa yaka papeh wawa.

2. Jesus kumtuks nika tumtum,

Kahkwa, etc.

Chorus—

3. Jesus nanitch konoway kah,

Kahkwa, etc.

Chorus—

TRANSLATION.

1. Always Jesus is very strong,

So his paper (the Bible) says—

Truly, yes—

So his paper says.

2. Jesus knows my mind,

So, etc.

3. Jesus sees everywhere,

So, etc.

SUNDAY.

No. 3.

Tune, “Come to Jesus.”

1. Chaco yakwa (Repeat twice.)

Okoke sun. (Repeat once.)

Chako yakwa (Repeat once.)

Okoke sun.

2. Halo mamook

Okoke sun.

3. Halo mahcook

Okoke sun.

4. Halo huyhuy

Okoke sun.

5. Halo cooley

Okoke sun.

6. Iskum wawa

Okoke sun.

7. Saghalie Tyee

Yaka sun.

[7]

TRANSLATION.

1. Come here,—i. e. to church,

To-day.

2. Do not work

To-day.

3. Do not buy

To-day.

4. Do not trade

To-day.

5. Do not play

To-day.

6. Get the talk

To-day.

7. God (it is)

His day (or, It is God’s day.)

[8]

WHISKEY.

No. 4.

Tune, “Bounding Billows.”

1. Ahnkuttie nika tikegh whiskey,

Repeat twice.

Pe alta nika mash—

Alta nika mash.

Repeat.

Ahnkuttie nika tikegh whiskey,

Repeat twice.

Pe alta nika mash.

2. Whiskey hias cultus,

Pe alta, etc.

3. Whiskey mimoluse tillikums,

Pe alta, etc.

4. Cultus klaska muckamuck,

Pe alta, etc.

TRANSLATION.

1. Formerly I loved whiskey,

But now I throw it away—

Now I throw it away.

2. Whiskey is good for nothing,

And now I, etc.

3. Whiskey kills people,

And now, etc.

4. They that drink it, drink what is worthless,

And now, etc.

WHISKEY.

No. 5.

Tune, “A, B, C,” etc.

1. Spose nesika muckamuck whiskey,

Whiskey muckamuck nesika dolla,

Spose nesika muckamuck whiskey.

Whiskey muckamuck nesika dolla.

Repeat twice.

Spose nesika muckamuck whiskey,

Whiskey muckamuck nesika dolla.

2. Spose nesika muckamuck whiskey,

Whiskey muckamuck nesika iktas.

Repeat as above.

3. Spose nesika muckamuck whiskey,

Whiskey muckamuck nesika wind.

4. Spose nesika muckamuck whiskey,

Whiskey muckamuck nesika tumtum.

[9]

TRANSLATION.

1. If we drink whiskey,

Whiskey will eat up our money.

2. If we drink whiskey,

Whiskey will eat up our things, i. e. clothes especially.

3. If we drink whiskey,

Whiskey will eat up our lives.

4. If we drink whiskey,

Whiskey will eat up our souls.

[10]

GOD’S OMNISCIENCE.

No. 6.

Tune, “Harwell.”

1. Saghalie Tyee, yaka seahost

Nanitch skookum konway kah.

Repeat both lines.

Chorus—

Pe wake kunjih nika ipsoot

Kopa yaka seahost.

Repeat both lines.

2. Kah kopet ikt tillikum mitlite,

Yahwa yaka seahost.

Chorus—

3. Kah kopet ikt man kapswalla,

Yahwa yaka seahost.

Chorus—

4. Kah ikt man kliminwhit wawa,

Yahwa, etc.

Chorus—

5. Kah ikt tillikum muckamuck whiskey,

Yahwa, etc.

Chorus—

6. Kah hiyu polaklie mitlite,

Yahwa, etc.

Chorus—

7. Kopa nika tumtum kwanesum,

Yahwa, etc.

Chorus—

[11]

TRANSLATION.

1. God’s eyes

See strong everywhere;

Chorus—

And never can I be concealed

From his eyes.

2. Where there is only one person,

There are his eyes.

3. Where only one man steals,

There are his eyes.

4. Where one man tells lies,

There are his eyes.

5. Where one person drinks whiskey,

There, etc.

6. Where it is very dark,

There, etc.

7. In my mind always,

There, etc.

[12]

No. 7.

Tune, “Hebrew Children.”

1. Kah, O kah mitlite Noah alta?

Repeat twice.

Siah kopa kloshe illahee.

Chorus—

Alki nesika klatawa nanitch,

Repeat twice.

Siah kopa kloshe illahee.

2. Kah, O kah mitlite Joseph alta?

Siah kopa kloshe illahee.

Chorus—

3. Kah, O kah mitlite Moses alta?

Siah, etc.

Chorus—

4. Kah, O kah mitlite David alta?

5. Kah, O kah mitlite Elijah alta?

6. Kah, O kah mitlite Elisha alta?

7. Kah, O kah mitlite Jonah alta?

8. Kah, O kah mitlite Daniel alta?

9. Kah, O kah mitlite Lydia alta?

10. Kah, O kah mitlite Timothy alta?

11. Kah, O kah mitlite Jesus alta?

[13]

TRANSLATION.

1. Where, O where is Noah now?

Far off in the good land.

After awhile we will go and see them,

Far off in the good land.

2. Where, O where is Joseph now?

Far off in the good land.

3. Where, O where is Moses now?

4. Where, O where is David now?

And so forth.

[14]

HEAVEN.

No. 8.

Tune, “Greenville.”

1. Kopa Saghalie konoway tillikums

Halo olo, halo sick;

Wake kliminiwhit, halo solleks,

Halo pahtlum, halo cly.

Chorus—

Jesus mitlite kopa Saghalie,

Kunamoxt konoway tillikums kloshe.

2. Yahwa tillikums wake klahowya,

Wake sick tumtum, halo till;

Halo mimoluse, wake mesachie,

Wake polaklie, halo cole.

Chorus—

3. Yahwa tillikums mitlite kwanesum,

Hiyu houses, hiyu sing;

Papa, mama, pe kloshe tenas,

Ooacut yaka chickamin pil.

Chorus—

4. Jesus potlatch kopa siwash,

Spose mesika hias kloshe,

Konoway iktas mesika tikegh

Kopa Saghalie, kwanesum.

Chorus—

[15]

TRANSLATION.

1. In Heaven all the people

Are not hungry, are not sick;

They do not tell lies, do not become angry,

They do not become drunk, do not cry.

Jesus lives in Heaven

Together with all good people.

2. There the people are not poor,

Have no sorrow, are not tired;

They do not die, are not wicked,

There is no darkness, no cold.

3 There the people live always;

There are many houses, and much singing;

There is father, mother and good children;

The street is of gold.

4. Jesus will give to the Indians,

If you are very good,

Everything you wish,

In Heaven, always.

[16]

No. 9.

Tune, “Happy Land.”

1. Nika mitlite yakwa alta

Kopa illahee.

Wake lala nika halo

Kopa illahee.

Kah nika klatawa,

Nika lala halo kumtuks;—

Klale nika tumtum kopa

Siah illahee.

2. Saghalie Tyee mitlite siah

Kopa Saghalie.

Yaka tikegh nika klatawa

Kopa Saghalie.

Spose nika kloshe yakwa

Halo mamook cultus ikta,

Yaka tikegh nika klatawa

Kopa Saghalie.

3. Kloshe tillikums mitlite siah

Kopa Saghalie.

Cultus tillicums mitlite keekwilee

Kopa hias piah.

Kopet, spose nika kloshe,

Mash mesachie konoway,

Delate okoke Tyee

Lolo nika yahwa.

[17]

TRANSLATION.

1. I live here now,

On the earth.

Not long shall I be gone

From the earth.

Where I shall go,

For a long time I did not know;—

Dark was my mind about

The far off land.

2. God lives far off

In Heaven.

He wishes me to go

To Heaven.

If I am good here,

And do nothing wrong,

He will wish me to go

To Heaven.

3. Good people live far off

In Heaven.

Bad people live below

In the great fire.

Only if I am good,

Throw away everything bad,

Truly this God

Will carry me there.

[18]

PRAYER.

No. 10.

Tune, “March Along Together.”

1. Saghalie Tyee potlatch

Iktas kopa nika;

Repeat both lines.

Nika mahsie yaka;

Repeat.

Chorus—

Kopa nesika yaka tumtum kloshe.

Repeat.

2. Spose nesika tikegh

Mash mesachie tumtum,

Repeat as in first verse.

Nika wawa Jesus;

Chorus—

Kopa, etc.

3. Spose nesika tikegh

Tumtum kahkwa Jesus,

Nika wawa Jesus.

Chorus—

4. Jesus tikegh nika

Wawa yaka kwanesum,

Nika wawa Jesus.

Chorus—

[19]

TRANSLATION.

1. God gives

Things to me.

I thank him.

To us His mind is good (or, He loves us).

2. If we wish

To throw away our wicked hearts,

I will pray (talk) to Jesus.

3. If we wish

Hearts like Jesus,

I will pray to Jesus.

4. Jesus wishes me

To pray to Him always.

I will pray to Jesus.

[20]

FOR FUNERALS.

No. 11.

Tune, “Talmar.”

1. Konoway tillikums mimoluse by by,

By by nika mimoluse.

Halo mimoluse nika tumtum;

Kopet nika mimoluse.

2. Kah nesika tumtum klatawa,

Spose nesika mimoluse?

Klonass yahwa kopa Saghalie;

Klonass kopa hias piah.

3. Nika tikegh kopa Saghalie.

Yahwa konoway tillikums kloshe.

Kunamoxt Jesus klaska mitlite.

Jesus skookum kwanesum.

4. Jesus, help nesika alta!

Nesika tumtum mamook kloshe!

Lolo nesika kopa Saghalie,

Spose nesika mimoluse!

[21]

TRANSLATION.

1. All people will die by and by.

By and by I will die.

My soul will not die;

Only I (i. e. my body) will die.

2. Where will our minds (souls) go

If we die?

Perhaps there to Heaven;

Perhaps to the great fire.

3. I wish to go to Heaven.

There are all good people.

With Jesus they dwell.

Jesus always very strong.

4. Jesus help us now!

Make our minds good!

Carry us to Heaven

When we die.

[22]

FOR CHILDREN.

No. 12.

Tune, “We Are Coming, Blessed Saviour.”

1. Ahnkuttie Jesus kopa illahee,—

Yaka chako kahkwa tenas.

Repeat both lines.

Chorus—

Kopa konoway tenas alta

Yaka tumtum hias kloshe.

Repeat both lines.

2. Kahkwa yaka mama wawa,

Kwanesum yaka hyak mamook.

Repeat as above.

Chorus—

Kopa, etc.

3. Kopa yaka lemah ahnkuttie

Yaka lolo hiyu tenas.

Chorus—

4. Kopa okoke tenas ahnkuttie

Yaka potlatch wawa kloshe.

Chorus—

[23]

TRANSLATION.

1. Formerly Jesus (was) on the earth,—

He came as a child.

Chorus—

To all children now

His mind is very good.

2. As his mother said,

So he always quickly did.

3. In His arms formerly

He carried many children.

4. To those children formerly

He gave good talk (or advice).

[24]

No. 13.

Tune, “Silently” (“Golden Wreath”).

1. Okoke kloshe! okoke kloshe!

Nika wawa kopa Jesus.

Repeat both lines.

Kopa nika mesachie mamook

Nika tumtum hyas sick.

Okoke kloshe! okoke kloshe!

Nika wawa kopa Jesus.

2. Okoke kloshe! okoke kloshe!

Nika mash mesachie tumtum.

Repeat both lines.

Kopa nika mesachie, etc.

3. Okoke kloshe! okoke kloshe!

Nika tikegh tumtum t’kope.

Repeat both lines.

Kopa, etc.

4. Okoke kloshe! okoke kloshe!

Jesus, wash nesika tumtum.

Repeat both lines.

Kopa, etc.

[25]

TRANSLATION.

1. This is good! this is good!

I will talk (or pray) to Jesus.

About my wicked deeds

My mind is very sorry.

2. This is good! this is good!

I will throw away my wicked heart.

3. This is good! this is good!

I wish a white heart.

4. This is good! this is good!

Jesus wash our hearts.

[26]

CHRIST’S POWER.

No. 14.

Tune, “Jesus Loves Me.”

1. Kwanesum Jesus hyas skookum,

Repeat twice.

Kahkwa yaka papeh wawa,—

Chorus—

Delate nawitka,—

Repeat twice.

Kahkwa yaka papeh wawa.

2. Jesus tolo kopa chuck,

Repeat as above.

Kahkwa, etc.

See Matt. 14:25.

3 Jesus tolo kopa wind, etc.

Mark 4:39.

4. Jesus tolo kopa mesachie, etc.

5. Jesus tolo kopa Lejaub.

Matt. 4:10, 11.

6. Jesus tolo kopa mimoluse.

Matt. 28:6.

[27]

TRANSLATION.

1. Always Jesus is very strong,

So His paper (the Bible) says,—

Truly so,—

So His paper says.

2. Jesus conquered the water.

3. Jesus conquered the wind.

4. Jesus conquered the wickedness.

5. Jesus conquered the Devil.

6. Jesus conquered death.

[28]

THE BIBLE.

No. 15.

Tune, “Hold the Fort.”

From “Ten Years at Skokomish,” by permission.

1. Saghalie Tyee yaka papeh,

Yaka Bible Kloshe;

Kopa konoway Boston tillikums,

Yaka hias kloshe.

Chorus—

Saghalie Tyee yaka papeh,

Yaka Bible kloshe;

Kopa konoway tillikums alta,

Yaka hias kloshe.

2. Saghalie Tyee yaka papeh,

Yaka Bible kloshe,

Kopa konoway Siwash tillikums,

Yaka hias kloshe.

Chorus—

3. Saghalie Tyee, etc.

Kopa konoway Pasaiooks tillikums,

Yaka, etc.

4. Kopa konoway King George tillikums.

5. Kopa konoway China tillikums.

6. Kopa konoway Klale man tillikums.

7. Kopa konoway Kanaka tillikums.

[29]

TRANSLATION.

1. God’s paper,

His Bible is good;

For all American people,

It is good.

Chorus—

God’s paper,

His Bible is good;

For all people now,

It is good.

2. God’s paper,

His Bible is good;

For all Indian people,

It is good.

3. For all French people, etc.

4. For all English people.

5. For all Chinese people.

6. For all Negro people.

7. For all Sandwich Island people.

[30]

CREATION.

8s, 7s and 4.

No. 16.

Tune, “Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us” or “Greenville.”

1. Saghalie Tyee yaka mamook

Konaway iktas konoway kah;

Repeat both lines.

Yaka mamook

Repeat.

Konoway iktas konoway kah.

Repeat both lines.

2. Saghalie Tyee yaka mamook

Konoway illahee konoway kah, etc.

3. 2nd line. Konoway tillikums konoway kah.

4.  “ Konoway muckamuck konoway kah.

5.  “ Konoway moosmoos konoway kah.

6.  “ Konoway kuitan konoway kah.

[31]

TRANSLATION.

1. God made

Everything everywhere;

He made

Everything everywhere.

2. God made

All the earth everywhere, etc.

3. All people everywhere.

4. All food everywhere.

5. All cattle everywhere.

6. All horses everywhere.

[32]

HEAVEN.

No. 17.

Tune, “I’m Going Home.”

Twana or Skokomish language.

1. Ashoi astab uts Wis Sowulus

Tsit tsiah as tab atc kleets Wis

Puttab duh slukate etl haydabchad

Aho kleets Wis aiy tubbayhu.

Chorus—

Klis hubbaydabchad

Aho kleets Wis.

Repeat chorus as in “I’m Going Home.”

2. Jesus id atc tsu Wis aiy tubbaychu,

Askwubkwap id atc tsu Wis aiy tubbayhu,

Lesash id atc tsu Wis aiy tubbayhu,

Dissiad atc tsu Wis aiy tubbayhu.

Chorus—

3. Hwakats ala atcts aiy tubbayhu,

Hwakats ashatl atcts aiy tubbayhu,

Hwakats astakwahu atcts aiy tubbayhu,

Hwakats kailub atcts aiy tubbayhu.

Chorus—

4. Hwakats kweub atcts aiy tubbayhu,

Hwakats ashwud atcts aiy tubbayhu,

Hwakats dus-slahal atcts aiy tubbayhu,

Hwakats askaw atcts aiy tubbayhu.

Chorus—

[33]

TRANSLATION.

1. God has a home

Prepared in heaven.

What day shall we go and see

That good land?

I will go home

To heaven.

2. Jesus is in heaven, the good land,

Christians are in heaven,

The angels are in heaven,

My home is in heaven.

3. No one is sick in heaven,

No one is angry in heaven,

No one is hungry in heaven,

No one is bad in heaven.

4. No one tells lies in heaven,

No one is tired in heaven,

No one gambles in heaven,

No one is drunk in heaven.

[34]

THE SABBATH.

No. 18.

Tune, “Come to Jesus.”

Clallam Language.

1. N-a tiatla

(Repeat twice.)

Atia ainuk.

(Repeat once.)

N-a tiatla.

(Repeat once.)

Atia ainuk.

2. K-kwai satci skwai

Atia ainuk.

3. Ouits stcai

Atia ainuk.

4. Ouits shutting

Atia ainuk.

5. Ouits tawayyu

Atia ainuk.

6. Ouits hoyu

Atia ainuk.

7. Ouits kahaking

Atia ainuk.

8. Tsitsl Tsiam

Skwachess.

[35]

TRANSLATION.

1. Come here

To-day.

2. Get the talk

To-day.

3. Do not work

To-day.

4. Do not travel

To-day.

5. Do not sell

To-day.

6. Do not buy

To-day.

7. Do not play

To-day.

8. God,

His day, (or, It is God’s day).

[36]

HAPPY DAY.

No. 19.

Tune, “Happy Day.”

Nisqually Language.

O hatl slahail tl-sahhu kwabaetub,

Tuhwaltay tsahulayeahu kthwal-kwayshuk,

Tolal kasgakail djoah hutc,

Sas-eats idsbukhu aas kwabe ahu tcetl

Hatl slahail, hatl slahail,

Alkway klos tsagwuds kubuk tzu-us dzukhu.

Tuogosts hwal tzas hoy ahu klobe,

Tuhwal kway kltzas djoail buk slahail.

Hatl slahail, hatl slahail,

Alkway klos tsagwuds kubuk tzu-us dzukhu.

TRANSLATION.

O happy day that I’ll be fixed [baptized].

To this my Saviour,

Well may this happy heart rejoice,

And tell its raptures all abroad.

Happy day, happy day,

When he will wash my sins away.

He taught me how I ought to be

Where I’ll be happy daily.

Happy day, happy day,

When he will wash my sins away.

MEDLEY.

In four languages.

No. 20.

Tune, “The Hebrew Children.”

From “Ten Years at Skokomish,” by permission.

Chinook Jargon—Kah, O kah mitlite Noah alta?

Skokomish—Dichad, dichad kaoway kleets Noah?

Clallam—Ahinkwa, ahinchees wia-a Noah?

English—Far off in the promised land.

Chorus—

Eng.—By and by we’ll go ho home to meet them,

Chinook Jargon—Alki nesika klatawa nanitch,

Skokomish—Atsoi, atsoi hoi klishaydab sublabad,

Clallam—Ia chee hatl sche-tung a-whun.

[37]

TRANSLATION.

Where, O where is Noah now?

Where, O where is Noah?

Where, O where is Noah now?

Far off in the promised land.

Chorus—

By and by we’ll go home to meet them,

Soon we will go and see [him],

Soon we will go and see him,

Far off in the good land.

[38]

THE LORD’S PRAYER.

Nesika

Our

Papa

Father

klaksta

who

mitlite

lives

kopa

in the

Saghalie,

Above,

kloshe

good

mika

thy

nem

name

kopa

over

konoway kah.

everywhere.

Kloshe

Good

spose

if

mika

thou

chako

become

delate

true

Tyee

Chief

kopa

over

konoway

all

tillikums.

people.

Klosh

Good

spose

if

mika

thy

tumtum

mind

mitlite

is

kopa illahee,

on the earth,

kahkwa

as

kopa

in

Saghalie.

the Above.

Potlatch

Give

kopa

to

nesika

us

kopa

during

okoke

this

sun

day

nesika

our

muckamuck.

food.

Mamook klahowya

Pity

nesika

us

kopa

for

nesika

our

mesachie mamook,

wickedness,

kahkwa

as

nesika

we

mamook klahowya

pity

klaksta

any

man

man

spose

if

yaka

he

mamook

does

mesachie

evil

kopa

to

nesika.

us.

Wake

Not

mika

thou

lolo

carry

nesika

us

kopa

to

kah

where

mesachie

evil

mitlite;

is;

pe

but

spose

if

mesachie

evil

klap

find

nesika,

us

klose

good

mika

thou

help

help

nesika

us

tolo

conquer

okoke

that

mesachie.

evil.

Delate

Truly

konoway

all

illahee

earth

mika

thy

illahee,

earth,

pe

and

mika

thou

hias

very

skookum,

strong,

pe

and

mika

thou

delate

truly

hias

very

kloshe,

good,

kahkwa

so

nesika

we

tikegh

wish

konoway

all

okoke.

this.

Kloshe

Good

kahkwa.

so.

[40]

A BLESSING BEFORE MEALS.

O

O

Saghalie Tyee,

God

nesika

our

Papa,

Father,

nesika

we

wawa

say

mahsie

thanks

kopa

to

mika,

thee,

mika

thou hast

potlatch

given

kopa

to

nesika

us

okoke

this

muckamuck.

food.

Kloshe

Good

spose

if

mika

thou

kwanesum

always

potlatch

wilt give

muckamuck

food

kopa

to

nesika.

us.

Kloshe

Good

spose

if

mika

thou

potlatch

wilt give

mika

thy

wawa

words

kopa

to

nesika,

us

kahkwa

as

muckamuck

food

kopa

to the

tumtum.

mind.

Help

Help

nesika

our

tumtum

minds

chaco

become

kloshe.

good.

Kopa

Through

Jesus

Jesus

nesika

we

tikegh

wish

konoway

all

okoke.

this.

Kloshe

Good

kahkwa.

so.