Temple Fay
Temple Sedgwick Fay, M.D. (January 9, 1895, Seattle – March 7, 1963, Philadelphia) was an American neurologist and neurosurgeon. He is known for experimental use of extreme cold to treat patients with malignant tumors or head injuries.[1][2][3][4]
Early career
[edit]After undergraduate study at the University of Washington, he enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, where the famous neurologist William Spiller became his mentor. After graduating in 1923, Fay became at the Philadelphia General Hospital a medical intern, an assistant to Spiller, an assistant to the famous neurosurgeon Charles Harrison Frazier, and then an instructor.[5] During the years 1923 to 1929 Fay developed several new techniques and published several important papers.[6][7][8][9] He was appointed in 1929 Professor and Head of the neurosurgery department at the Temple University School of Medicine. In 1931 he, along with R. Glen Spurling, William P. Van Wagener, and R. Eustace Semmes, started the Harvey Cushing Society, which was later renamed the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS).[10] Fay became in 1937 the 6th President of the Harvey Cushing Society.[5]
Experimental treatments
[edit]In 1938 he used a crude refrigerating apparatus for his experiments, with the assistance of George C. Henny,[11][12] on cryotherapy for medical patients, for the control of cancer.[3][13] In December 1938 Fay demonstrated that human rectal temperature could be reduced to 92 °F (33 °C), or below, for many hours without apparent injury to the patient.[14]
Soon after his experiments with whole-body refrigeration, Fay began studying localized cryotherapy as treatment for brain lesions. He developed small metal capsules that housed a circulating refrigerant (which he referred to as cold “bombs”) and implanted these capsules into the human brain as a local treatment for abscess, cerebritis, cancer, and osteomyelitis. In cases of open surgery for brain abscess and cerebritis, he oftentimes directly irrigated refrigerated saline and boric acid into the active area of infection. He noted satisfactory responses for both infectious and neoplastic disease processes. ... He also experimented with whole-head cooling in cases of trauma, and he developed a head wrap specifically for this purpose. ... Fay found that hypothermia is bacteriostatic, reduces inflammation and edema, and, when applied locally to cutaneous cancer metastases, produces a marked tendency toward tumor regression, infection clearance, and slow healing, with subsequently more pliable scars (greatly reduced contractures). Fay extended his research into the physiological effects of hypothermia.[4]
Fay developed the world's first systematic program of hypothermia for traumatic brain injury (TBI). He realized that "decreased intracranial pressure and improved utilization of oxygen by cerebral tissue" would help patients with TBI.[4]
Late career
[edit]In 1943 he left Temple University and did a considerable amount of work on "psychomotor patterning" exercises for children with learning disabilities, brain injuries, or cognitive disabilities at The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential.[15]
Personal life
[edit]Fay married Marion Priestly Button in 1923. They had four daughters.[5] She was the 3rd great granddaughter of Joseph Priestley (1733-1804), the discoverer of oxygen and founder of the Unitarian Church in America.
References
[edit]- ^ Wang, H.; Olivero, W.; Wang, D.; Lanzino, G. (2006). "Cold as a therapeutic agent". Acta Neurochirurgica. 148 (5): 565–70, discussion 569–70. doi:10.1007/s00701-006-0747-z. PMID 16489500. S2CID 25885634.
- ^ Cooper, S. M.; Dawber, R. P. (2001). "The history of cryosurgery". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 94 (4): 196–201. doi:10.1177/014107680109400416. PMC 1281398. PMID 11317629.
- ^ a b Fay, Temple (1959). "Early Experiences with Local and Generalized Refrigeration of the Human Brain". Journal of Neurosurgery. 16 (3): 239–260. doi:10.3171/jns.1959.16.3.0239. PMID 13655107.
- ^ a b c Bohl, Michael A.; Martirosyan, Nikolay L.; Killeen, Zachary W.; Belykh, Evgenii; Zabramski, Joseph M.; Spetzler, Robert F.; Preul, Mark C. (2019). "The history of therapeutic hypothermia and its use in neurosurgery". Journal of Neurosurgery. 130 (3): 1006–1020. doi:10.3171/2017.10.JNS171282. PMID 29799343. The caption to the photograph of Temple Fay gives his date of death as August 19, 1963 — the correct date of death is March 7, 1963.
- ^ a b c Burgio, N. (26 July 2009). "Temple Fay. Il padre della Organizzazione Neurologia". NeuroSviluppo. Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. (in Italian)
- ^ Fay, Temple; Grant, Francis C. (1923). "Ventriculoscopy and Intraventricular Photography in Internal Hydrocephalus". Journal of the American Medical Association. 80 (7): 461. doi:10.1001/jama.1923.02640340017007.
- ^ Fay, Temple (1925). "The Cerebral Vasculature". Journal of the American Medical Association. 84 (23): 1727. doi:10.1001/jama.1925.02660490019008.
- ^ Fay, T. (1927). "Observations and Results from Intracranial Section of the Glossopharyngeus and Vagus Nerves in Man". Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology. 8 (30): 110–123. doi:10.1136/jnnp.s1-8.30.110. PMC 1068522. PMID 21611246.
- ^ Fay, Temple (1929). "Some factors in the "mechanical theory of epilepsy," with especial reference to the influence of fluid, and its control, in the treatment of certain cases". American Journal of Psychiatry. 85 (5): 783–836–22. doi:10.1176/ajp.85.5.783. ISSN 0002-953X.
- ^ Greenblatt, Samuel H. "Brief Biographies of the Founders, Historical Introduction to Notes on the History of the Harvey Cushing Society". Cyber Museum of Neurosurgery, neurosurgery.org.
- ^ Kay, Alasdair G.; Kuleshova, Lilia L. (19 August 2016). "Chapter 11 Medicine and Biology: Technologies Operating at Extremely Low Temperatures, 11.12.1 Development and Applications". In Bar-Cohen, Yoseph (ed.). Low Temperature Materials and Mechanisms. CRC Press. pp. 349–394. ISBN 9781315354675.
- ^ "George C. Henny, Medical Educator, 89". The New York Times. September 30, 1988. p. 7, Section B. George Christian Henny, M.D. (1899–1988) joined Temple University Hospital in 1931 as a radiologist. He later started Temple University School of Medicine's department of medical physics. In 1943 he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
- ^ Fay, T.; Henny, G. C. (1938). "Correlation of body segmental temperature and its relation to the location of carcinomatous metastasis: clinical observations and response to methods of refrigeration". Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 66: 512–524.
- ^ Fay, Temple (1941). "Observations on reflex responses during prolonged periods of human refrigeration". Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry. 45 (2): 215. doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1941.02280140025002. ISSN 0096-6754.
- ^ Fay, Temple. "The importance of pattern movements in the rehabilitation of cerebral palsy patients." An Educational Philosophy for Exceptional Children. Proc Child Res Clin, Woods Schools, Langhorne, Pa 77 (1947): 28-37.
External links
[edit]- "Dr. Temple Fay (photograph by Fabian Bacharach)". Temple Digital Collections, Temple University Libraries.