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Richard Crosbie

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Crosbie's signature, 1788[1]

Richard Crosbie (1755–1824) was the first Irishman to make a manned flight.[2][3] He flew in a hydrogen air balloon from Ranelagh, on Dublin's southside to Clontarf, on Dublin's northside on 19 January 1785 at the age of 30.[4] His aerial achievement[5] occurred just 14 months after the first-ever manned balloon flight by the Montgolfier Brothers in France and is commemorated by a memorial located at the site of this historic event & commissioned by Dublin City Council.[6]

Crosbie, who was six feet three inches, was from Crosbie Park, near Baltinglass, County Wicklow. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin. In December 1780, he married Charlotte Armstrong, daughter of Archibald Armstrong, with whom he had two children, Edward and Mary. Edward went on to become an army officer and Mary a novelist.[2] Richard's brother, Sir Edward Crosbie, was executed for treason as a United Irishman on 5 June 1798.

Crosbie launched several balloons containing animals before attempting the first human flight on Irish soil. One of which, containing a cat, was seen passing over the west coast of Scotland[citation needed], before descending near the Isle of Man. The cat and the balloon were both rescued by a passing ship. The balloonists of the eighteenth century, pioneers in the first successful method of conquest of the air, were men of science comparable to the astronauts of the 1960s, attracting the same public excitement and receiving similar international publicity.[citation needed]

Balloon flight

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On 19 January 1785 at 2.30 pm, Crosbie launched, from an exhibition area at Ranelagh Gardens his Grand Air Balloon and Flying Barge[7] in which he intended to cross the Irish Sea.

Late in 1784, Crosbie exhibited his "Aeronautic Chariot" at an exhibition at Ranelagh Gardens in Dublin. Made of wood covered with cloth, designed and built by himself, the Chariot resembled a boat, with rudder and sails, intended to enable navigation in the air, reducing reliance on wind direction. His first flight took place on 19 January 1785 at Ranelagh, witnessed by more than 35,000 people. The balloon and chariot were beautifully painted with the arms of Ireland supported by Minerva and Mercury, and with emblematic figures of the wind. Crosbie's aerial dress "consisted of a robe of oiled silk, lined with white fur, his waistcoat and breeches in one, of white satin quilted, and morocco boots, and a montero cap of leopard skin".[8]

He intended to cross the Irish Sea, but as darkness fell early in the winter evenings, he decided to land at Clontarf. He attempted a channel crossing on 19 July 1785, (defying a ban on balloon flights by the Lord Mayor of Dublin because the population of the city was spending long periods gaping at the sky instead of working), but came down halfway across due to a severe storm, and was rescued by the Dun Laoghaire barge Captain Walmitt, which was following his progress.

Later life

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Engraving of Crosbie's flight to Limerick, on 27 April 1786
The Balloon (far left) over Limerick

Just 20 days or so after his famous January 1785 ascent from Ranelagh, Crosbie signed a Deed taking over the remainder of a 900 year lease from his father-in-law Archibald Armstrong, Esquire, of a property on the west side of Cumberland Street, Dublin[9] (which Armstrong had been leasing from one John Trotter, Gentleman, since late February 1781).[10] The yearly rent was £30 (besides taxes) and it consisted of a house, coach house, stable and other appurtenances. Just three years later, on 19 May 1788, Crosbie (described as 'Richard Crosbie formerly of the City of Dublin, now of Ballycumber in the Kings County, Esquire') assigned the house back to Archibald Armstrong for the remainder of the 900 years.[11] The seat of the Armstrong family was Twickenham House just north-west of Ballycumber and it is possible that Crosbie and family were residing there at the time.[2]

The house on Cumberland Street was eventually re-assigned back to Crosbie on 1 October 1790, including "several goods and articles of household furniture".[12] It is not known why the house changed hands so often, but it is known that Archibald Armstrong died less than three years later on 13 June 1793 and this may have had some bearing on the situation.[2] From the record we can see that the house adjoining Crosbie's to the north was one in which Henry Luttrell, 2nd Earl of Carhampton had lately lived. At some point prior to May 1827, a fire broke out at Crosbie's home on Cumberland Street destroying a number of original deeds relating to the leases and documents concerning the house.[13] Prior to his death in 1824, Crosbie had arranged that the house be put into the name of his daughter Mary, which came to pass in a Deed of Assignment dated 30 May 1827, with the "consent, approbation and acquiescence" of her brother Edward.

Memorial statue

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Crosbie statue in Ranelagh Gardens, Dublin

A memorial statue to commemorate the balloon flight, designed by Irish artist Rory Breslin, depicts Crosbie's youthful curiosity[14] and many of the items displayed on the bronze reflect an airborne theme. The sculpture, which is adorned with various images, gives a sense of the showmanship, extravagance and ornamentation that was evident on the actual day in January 1785. It is designed to be a fitting commemoration to Richard Crosbie and his redoubtable curiosity and determination while also being a timeless piece of art in its own right.[citation needed]

On Sunday, 28 September 2008 in Ranelagh Gardens, in conjunction with the Ranelagh Arts Festival, Councillor Mary Freehill (deputising on behalf of the Lord Mayor) unveiled a sculpture to commemorate "the first Irishman to fly". The statue was unveiled by Freehill, assisted by Frank McNally of the Irish Times and Rose Doherty (mother of world snooker star, Ken Doherty). Freehill spoke of her delight at being asked to unveil the statue: "It is truly fitting that we should honour Richard Crosbie with a statue here in Ranelagh Gardens, where Ireland's first manned balloon flight took off. I hope that residents and visitors will take time out to come and view the statue."[citation needed]

Dublin City Council and the Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government's Per Cent for Art Scheme, funded the statue.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Registry of Deeds Book 399 Page 39 Memorial 262788
  2. ^ a b c d MacMahon, Bryan (2010). Ascend or Die: Richard Crosbie, Pioneer of Balloon Flight. Dublin: The History Press Ireland. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-84588-985-2. OCLC 1244213121.
  3. ^ Irish Ballooning Association (2012). "Ireland's First Aeronaut".
  4. ^ Library Ireland. "Biography: Richard Crosbie".
  5. ^ Rice, Eoghan (17 December 2006). "First Irishman to take to the skies to be honoured". The Sunday Tribune, Dublin.
  6. ^ Commemorative Sculpture of Richard Crosbie, Dublin
  7. ^ "'A most ingenious mechanic':Ireland's first airman". 5 March 2013.
  8. ^ Extract from the old Limerick City Journal
  9. ^ Registry of Deeds Book 362 Page 303 Memorial 244837
  10. ^ Registry of Deeds Book 339 Page 48 Memorial 226903
  11. ^ Registry of Deeds Book 399 Page 39 Memorial 262788
  12. ^ Registry of Deeds Book 416 Page 373 Memorial 277402
  13. ^ Registry of Deeds Book 827 Page 288 Memorial 556424
  14. ^ "Commemorative Sculpture of Richard Crosbie". Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
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