Naum Meiman
Naum Natanovich (Nokhim Sanalevich) Meiman | |
|---|---|
| Наум Натанович (Нохим Санелевич) Мейман | |
 | |
| Born | May 12, 1912 |
| Died | March 31, 2001 (aged 88) |
| Nationality | Ukrainian Jew |
| Citizenship | Russian Empire → Soviet Union → Israel |
| Alma mater | Kazan State University |
| Known for | human rights activism with participation in dissident movement in the Soviet Union |
| Spouse | Inna Meiman-Kitrossky |
| Awards | USSR State Prize |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | mathematics |
| Institutions | |
| Doctoral advisor | Nikolai Chebotaryov |
Naum Natanovich (Nokhim Sanalevich) Meiman (Russian: Нау́м Ната́нович (Но́хим Са́нелевич) Ме́йман, 12 May 1912, Bazar, Ukraine – 31 March 2001, Tel Aviv) was a Soviet mathematician, and dissident.[1] He is known for his work in complex analysis, partial differential equations, and mathematical physics, as well as for his dissident activity, in particular, for being a member of the Moscow Helsinki Group.
Life
[edit]He was born in Bazar, Ukraine on 12 May 1912.[1] In 1932 he graduated from Kazan State University as an extern. In 1937 he submitted his Ph.D. under the supervision of Nikolai Chebotaryov and was awarded the degree Doktor nauk. In 1939 he became a full professor at Kazan State University.[1]
He worked for two years in the Mathematics Institute at the University of Kharkiv, where he became friends with Lev Landau with whom he collaborated for many years. After the Second World War, he went to Moscow and worked at the Institute for Physical Problems, where he was a head of the mathematics lab. Then he worked in the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics. In 1953, he was awarded a Stalin prize for his work in theoretical physics. He made important contributions in the development of nuclear weapons in the USSR.
Starting in 1968, Meiman became active in politics and signed several letters of protest against political trials in the USSR.[1]
In 1971, he retired and applied for permission to emigrate to Israel. Denied on grounds of knowing state secrets, he soon became a refusenik. Gradually he became more active in politics, and was a member of the Moscow Helsinki Group beginning in 1977. Later he became deputy chairman and the last active free member, writing hundreds of the group's documents. He also participated in a Refusenik scientific seminar. He was permanently under surveillance by the KGB, who also bugged his telephone and searched his home.
In 1982, Naum Meiman and Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov published a letter in defence of Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov.[2]
Meiman also struggled for the right of his wife Inna Meiman-Kitrossky to go to the USA for medical treatment since she had been diagnosed with cancer. After several years of struggle, she was allowed to go to the US and she died in February 1987 in Georgetown (Washington, D.C.).[3][4][5] Meiman was not allowed to attend her funeral in Washington D.C.[6][7]
In 1988 Meiman was finally allowed to emigrate to Israel, where he became a professor emeritus in Tel Aviv University. In 1992, in Tel-Aviv, there was a conference in his honor dedicated to his 80th birthday. Meiman died there in 2001.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Anosov, D.V.; Ginzburg, V.L.; Zhizhchenko, A.B.; Monastyrskii, M.I.; Novikov, S.P.; Sinai, Ya.G.; Solov’ev, M.A. (2002). "Naum Meiman. Obituary". Russ. Math. Surv. 57 (2): 399–405. Bibcode:2002RuMaS..57..399A. doi:10.1070/RM2002v057n02ABEH000499. S2CID 250837995.
- ^ Sakharov, Andrei; Meiman, Naum (March–April 1982). "The plight of Yuri Orlov". Harvard International Review. 4 (6): 50. JSTOR 42762207.
- ^ Paul, Lisa (2011). Swimming in the Daylight: An American Student, a Soviet-Jewish Dissident, and the Gift of Hope. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61608-203-1.
- ^ Lisa Paul presents her book on YouTube
- ^ Leonid Stonov. "Book review". Association «Remember and save». Retrieved 2011-02-23.
- ^ Saxon, Wolfgang (10 February 1987). "Inna Meiman, emigre, dies at 53; left Soviet for cancer treatment". The New York Times.
- ^ Taubman, Philip (26 February 1987). "Old and alone, Soviet dissident looks to exit". The New York Times.
Further reading
[edit]- Mydans, Seth (29 July 1985). "Soviet human rights battle: only isolated voices remain". The New York Times.
- Sakharov, Andrei (February 1978). "Letter from Sakharov and Meiman". Nature. 271 (5645): 499. Bibcode:1978Natur.271..499S. doi:10.1038/271499c0.
- Saxon, Wolfgang (10 February 1987). "Inna Meiman, emigre, dies at 53; left Soviet for cancer treatment". The New York Times.
- Taubman, Philip (26 February 1987). "Old and alone, Soviet dissident looks to exit". The New York Times.
Online journals
[edit]
- 1912 births
- 2001 deaths
- People from Zhytomyr Oblast
- Soviet Jews
- Ukrainian Jews
- Soviet mathematicians
- Soviet physicists
- Israeli mathematicians
- 20th-century Israeli physicists
- Jewish physicists
- Soviet dissidents
- Soviet human rights activists
- Jewish human rights activists
- Moscow Helsinki Group
- Refuseniks
- Ukrainian Zionists
- Soviet emigrants to Israel
- Recipients of the Stalin Prize
- Academic staff of the National University of Kharkiv
- Academic staff of Tel Aviv University