National League for Liberty in Vaccination
The National League for Liberty in Vaccination (French: Ligue nationale pour la liberté des vaccinations) is a French anti-vaccine advocacy organization which opposes all government vaccine requirements.[1][2] It was formed in 1954 to oppose tuberculosis vaccines.[3] The organization denies the benefits of vaccinations while promoting misinformation about their dangers.[1]
History
[edit]The LNPLV refers to a tradition from the end of the 19th century, "the Universal League of Antivaccinators" (or "the International League of Antivaccinators" founded by the Belgian ophthalmologist, Dr Hubert Boëns (1825-1898) in 1880),[4] which represented a scholarly "anti-vaccinism" bringing together only doctors and personalities, holding international congresses (Cologne 1881, Charleroi 1885). The action of this current aimed to postpone the obligation of vaccination against smallpox in France (Liouville 1880 bill) until the vote of the law of 1902.[citation needed]
Under the title of National League against the obligation of vaccinations, the association was founded in 1954, by a merger of three groups opposed to the vaccination obligation extended to BCG in 1950:[5]
"Health and Freedom" League, founded in 1948 by Jules Tissot of the Natural History Museum;
Association of Parents of Vaccination Victims;
people from the "La Vie claire" movement, led by Henri-Charles Geffroy.
The founder is Marcel Lemaire, father and non-doctor, who refused BCG for his child in 1952, and who was fined.[6]
The association also brings together hygienist movements advocating fasting, vegetarianism... as well as the current of Freinet pedagogy.[5] The magazine of the association then bore the title Vaccination or Health until 1966, to become Health, freedom and vaccinations.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Vaccination : peurs, rumeurs et obscurantisme". Science & pseudo-science. Association française pour l'information scientifique. January 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ "La campagne de vaccination, un "matraquage publicitaire"?". L'Express. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ Yeung, Peter (2020-11-30). "Inside the World's COVID Anti-Vaxxer Epicenter". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
- ^ Laurence Monnais (2016). Médecine(s) et santé. Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal. p. 121..
- ^ a b Moulin & Skomska-Godefroy 1996, pp. 424–426
- ^ Sa dénomination initiale était
. Elle a pris son nom actuel le 21 octobre 1964 (JO du 6 novembre 1964).Ligue nationale contre les vaccinations obligatoires
- ^ Françoise Salvadori; Laurent-Henri Vignaud (2019). Antivax, la résistance aux vaccins du XVIIIe à nos jours (in French). Paris: Vendémiaire. pp. 150–152. ISBN 978-2-36358-322-2.
Bibliography
[edit]- Anne-Marie Moulin; Jolanta Skomska-Godefroy (1996). "XXXI: La résistance contemporaine à la vaccination : le cas français". L'Aventure de la vaccination [The Adventure of Immunization: thinking about medicine]. Penser la médecine (in French). Paris: Fayard. ISBN 2-213-59412-0..
External links
[edit]- French web site for the Ligue nationale pour la liberté des vaccinations Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
.jpeg){kind=small} | This article about an organization in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |