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List of wars involving Lithuania

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This is a list of wars, armed conflicts and rebellions involving Lithuania throughout its history as a kingdom (1251–1263), grand duchy (1236–1251; 1263–1795, although part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1569–1795) and a modern republic (1918–1940; 1990 – present), including as well the uprisings of the 19th and 20th centuries to recreate Lithuanian statehood. Dates indicate the years in which Lithuania was involved in the war. Notable militarised interstate disputes are included.

  Victory of Lithuania (and allies)
  Defeat of Lithuania (and allies)
  Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Lithuania, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

14th century

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for Lithuania and/or its allies
1340–1392 Galicia–Volhynia Wars Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Golden Horde
Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Duchy of Masovia
Galicia–Volhynia divided between Poland and Lithuania
1368–1372 Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372) Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Principality of Tver
Grand Duchy of Moscow Lithuanian retreat (Treaty of Lyubutsk)
1377–1387 Lithuanian war of succession (1377–1387) Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Jogaila
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Andrei of Polotsk
Jogaila victory
1381–1384 Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384) Duchy of Samogitia
Kęstutis
Vytautas
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Jogaila
Skirgaila
Temporary reconciliation
1389–1392 Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392) Duchy of Samogitia Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Ostrów Agreement

15th century

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Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for Lithuania and/or its allies
1409–1411 Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Teutonic Order Peace of Thorn (1411)
1414 Hunger War Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Teutonic Order Mediation at the Council of Constance
1422 Gollub War Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Moldavia
Teutonic Order Victory
1431–1435 Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Order Victory
1432–1438 Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438) Sigismund Kęstutaitis
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Švitrigaila
Grand Duchy of Rus
Teutonic Order
Livonian Order
Golden Horde
Principality of Moldavia
Svitrigaila's defeat
1487–1494 Lithuanian–Muscovite War Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Golden Horde
Principality of Moscow
Crimean Khanate
Eternal Peace (1494)
1492–1537 Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars Grand Duchy of Lithuania Principality of Moscow

16th century

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Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for Lithuania and/or its allies
1508 Glinski Rebellion Grand Duchy of Lithuania Glinski supporters Government's victory
1524 Ottoman-Tatar invasion of Lithuania and Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Ottoman-Tatars
1561–1570 Northern Seven Years' War Polish–Lithuanian union
Free City of Lübeck
Denmark–Norway
Kingdom of Sweden Treaty of Stettin (1570)

This is a list of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795).[a]

  Victory
  Defeat
  Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Poland–Lithuania, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
1558–1583[1] Livonian War[1] Livonian Confederation
(1558–61, Lithuanian protectorate since 1559[2])
 Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1559–61, 1562–69)
From 1569:[3]
 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–70, 1577–82)[4]
Principality of Transylvania (1577–82)
Crimean Khanate[5]

Denmark–Norway (1560–62, 75–83)
Kingdom of Sweden (1560–64, 70–75, 77–83)
Zaporozhian Cossacks

Tsardom of Russia Polish–Lithuanian, Dano–Norwegian
and Swedish victory
1587–1588 War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588) Sigismund III
  • Supporters of Sigismund Vasa,
    mainly Poles
Maximilian III
  • Supporters of Maximilian of Austria,
    mainly Germans, but including
    many Poles and Hungarians
Sigismund victory
1598–1599 War against Sigismund Polish–Swedish union under Sigismund III Sweden Protestant Swedish separatists Defeat
1600–1629 Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 Holy Roman Empire (1626–29)
Kingdom of Sweden
(known as  Swedish Empire after 1611)
Defeat
  • 1611: disputed; status quo
  • 1618: indecisive;
  • 1625: Swedish victory
  • 1629: Swedish victory
1605–1618 Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
(Dmytriads)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
False Dmitry I
False Dmitry II
Tsardom of Russia
 Swedish Empire
Don Cossacks
Costly victory
  • Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
    reached largest territorial extent
  • Sigismund renounced Russian throne
1606–1608 Zebrzydowski Rebellion Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Rokosz Government victory
1618–1648 Thirty Years' War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Holy Roman Empire
Spanish Empire
Kingdom of Hungary
 Swedish Empire
Denmark Denmark
Dutch Republic
Kingdom of France
Peace of Westphalia
1620–1621 Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Zaporozhian Cossacks
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Treaty of Khotyn
1632–1634 Smolensk War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Tsardom of Russia Victory
1633–1634 Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia

Budjak Horde

Inconclusive
1648–1657 Khmelnytsky Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Crimean Khanate
 Cossack Hetmanate
Crimean Khanate
Defeat
1654–1667 Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 Cossack Hetmanate
Crimean Khanate
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia
Tsardom of Russia
 Cossack Hetmanate
Defeat
1655–1661 Second Northern War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Denmark Denmark–Norway
 Habsburg Monarchy
Tsardom of Russia (1656–1658)
Crimean Khanate
 Dutch Republic
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia
(1655–1656, 1657–1660)
 Swedish Empire
Transylvania Principality of Transylvania
 Cossack Hetmanate (1657)[9]
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
 Wallachia
 Moldavia
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia
(1656–1657)
Treaty of Oliva
1667–1671 Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate
 Cossack Hetmanate
Victory
1672–1676 Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Wallachia
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia
 Cossack Hetmanate
Lipka Tatars
Defeat
1683–1699 Great Turkish War Holy Roman Empire

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Tsardom of Russia

Republic of Venice Republic of Venice
 Spanish Empire
Montenegro

rebel factions
 Ottoman Empire

Vassal states:

Treaty of Karlowitz
1697–1702 Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702) House of Sapieha Radziwiłł
House of Wiśniowiecki
Pac family
Ogiński family
1700–1721 Great Northern War

(list of battles)

Inconclusive for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1704–1706 Civil war in Poland (1704–1706)
(part of the Great Northern War)
Warsaw Confederation
Supported by:
 Swedish Empire
Sandomierz Confederation
Supported by:
 Tsardom of Russia
Warsaw Confederation victory
1733–1738 War of the Polish Succession Poland loyal to Stanisław I
Supported by:
Kingdom of France Kingdom of France
Spain Kingdom of Spain
Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Savoy
Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia
 Duchy of Parma
Poland loyal to Augustus III
Supported by:
 Russian Empire
 Habsburg monarchy
 Holy Roman Empire (from 1734)
Electorate of Saxony Electorate of Saxony
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
Treaty of Vienna (1738)
  • Augustus III confirmed as king of
    Poland and grand duke of Lithuania
  • Stanisław received Lorraine
    as compensation
1768–1772 War of the Bar Confederation
(list of battles)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
 Habsburg monarchy[c]
Defeat
1792 Polish–Russian War of 1792
(list of battles)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russia Russian Empire
Targowica Confederation
Defeat
1794 Kościuszko Uprising
(list of battles)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russia Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
 Habsburg monarchy[d]
Defeat

19th-century uprisings against the Russian Empire

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for Lithuania and/or its allies
1830–1831 November Uprising Congress Poland Russian Empire Defeat
1863–1865 January Uprising Polish National Government Russian Empire Defeat

20th century

[edit]

Interwar Lithuania (1918–1940)

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for Lithuania and/or its allies
1918–1919 Lithuanian–Soviet War Lithuania Lithuania
 Saxon Volunteers
 Russian SFSR
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
Victory
  • Lithuanian independence protected against Soviet attempt to destroy it
1919 War against the Bermontians Lithuania Lithuania West Russian Volunteer Army Victory
  • Lithuanian independence saved
1919–1920 Polish–Lithuanian War Lithuania Lithuania Poland Poland Defeat
  • Lithuania loses its capital Vilnius but protects its independence against Poland
1923 Klaipėda Revolt Lithuania Lithuania France French administration Victory
1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania Poland Poland Defeat
  • Lithuania accepts the ultimatum
1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania  Nazi Germany Defeat
1940 Soviet occupation of the Baltic states Lithuania Lithuania
 Latvia
 Estonia
 Soviet Union Defeat
  • Baltic states lose their independence

Lithuania under occupation

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for Lithuania and/or its allies
1941 June Uprising in Lithuania Lithuania Lithuanian partisans  Soviet Union Victory
  • Brief Lithuanian independence
1941–1944 German occupation of Lithuania Lithuania Lithuanian anti-Nazi resistance  Nazi Germany Inconclusive
1944–1953 Guerilla war in the Baltic states Lithuania Lithuanian partisans
Latvia Latvian partisans
Estonia Estonian partisans
 Soviet Union Defeat

Lithuania's independence restored (1990s)

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for Lithuania and/or its allies
1990–1991 Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts  Lithuania  Soviet Union Victory
  • Lithuanian statehood preserved
1991 January Events  Lithuania  Soviet Union

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic National Salvation Committee of the Lithuanian SSR

Victory
  • Soviet forces withdraw from the cities
  • Lithuanian statehood preserved

21st century

[edit]

See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland–Lithuania, Republic of Both Nations, Rzeczpospolita, Žečpospolita, Річ Посполита (Rich Pospolyta), and other names.
  2. ^ "Skrynnikov's data support the conclusion that the combination of the oprichnina and the Livonian War, which wrought economic havoc on their estates, ruined many pomeshchiki and weakened Muscovy's military might. (...) the human and economic resources on much of that territory were exhausted."[6] "The reign of Ivan IV the Terrible was, in short, a disaster for Muscovy. (...) his subjects were impoverished, his economic resources depleted, his army weakened, and his realm militarily defeated."[7]
  3. ^ The Habsburg monarchy (Austria) did not engage in active hostilities during the War of the Bar Confederation, but it did join Russia and Prussia in carrying out the First Partition of Poland in the war's aftermath in 1772, occupying Commonwealth towns and cities in its allotted partition.
  4. ^ The Habsburg monarchy (Austria) did not engage in active hostilities during the Kościuszko Uprising, but it did join Russia and Prussia in carrying out the Third Partition of Poland in the uprising's aftermath.

References

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  1. ^ a b Martin 2007, p. 393.
  2. ^ a b Martin 2007, p. 401.
  3. ^ a b Martin 2007, p. 402.
  4. ^ Martin 2007, pp. 401–402.
  5. ^ Martin 2007, pp. 398, 401.
  6. ^ Martin 2007, p. 414.
  7. ^ Martin 2007, p. 415.
  8. ^ Bánlaky 1942, az 1619. évi hadjárat.
  9. ^ Hrushevsky 2003, pp. 327ff.
  10. ^ Bentkowska 2003, p. 416.
  11. ^ "Абдусаламов Магомед-паша Балашович Феодальные междоусобицы кумыкских владетелей во второй половине XVII века", ИСОМ, no. 4, C.33, 2014, retrieved 26 May 2023
  12. ^ a b Lithuanians celebrate 20th Anniversary assault of the Vilnius television tower by the Soviet Troops. Ukrayinska Pravda. 13 January 2011

Bibliography

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