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Ikaroa-Rāwhiti

Coordinates: 39°25′00″S 176°49′00″E / 39.4167°S 176.8167°E / -39.4167; 176.8167
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Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
Single-member Māori constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives
Nga Pou o Heretaunga in Hastings
Formation1999
RegionGisborne District
Hawke's Bay
Manawatū-Whanganui
Wellington Region
Territorial authorityVarious
CharacterUrban and rural
Electors40,074[1]
Term3 years
Member for Ikaroa-Rāwhiti

Cushla Tangaere-Manuel
since 14 October 2023
PartyLabour
Electorate officeLower Hutt
Previous MPMeka Whaitiri (Ind)

Ikaroa-Rāwhiti is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate that was formed for the 1999 election. It covers the eastern North Island from East Cape south through Hawke's Bay and the Wairarapa to Wainuiomata and most of the Hutt Valley, but not southern Lower Hutt or Wellington City.

It was held by Parekura Horomia of the Labour Party from 1999 until his death in 2013. A by-election to replace him was held on 29 June 2013. Meka Whaitiri held the seat for ten years under the Labour Party before changing political allegiances. Whaitiri left the Labour Party in early May 2023 and joined Te Pāti Māori. According to a ruling by the speaker of the House, Whaitiri continued to represent the electorate, not on behalf of a party, but as an independent.[2] Labour's Cushla Tangaere-Manuel became MP in 2023. [3]

Population centres

[edit]
Gisborne

As the electorate's name suggests (ika "fish", roa "long", rāwhiti "east"), Ikaroa-Rāwhiti is a long electorate covering the eastern North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui).

The electorate includes the following population centres (from north to south):

In the 2013/14 redistribution, a minor boundary adjustment was undertaken. A small area, including the village of Tuai, was transferred to the Waiariki electorate.[4]

Tribal areas

[edit]

The electorate includes the following tribal areas:

History

[edit]

The electorate was formed for the 1999 election, which was won by Parekura Horomia of the Labour Party.[5] Horomia's death on 29 April 2013 triggered a by-election,[6] which was held on 29 June and won by Labour's Meka Whaitiri.[7] The Māori Party had nominated tribal leader Na Rongowhakaata Raihania.[8][9] and the Mana Party had selected television presenter Te Hamua Nikora as its candidate.[10][11] The Green Party had selected environmentalist and human rights advocate Marama Davidson.[12][13][14] Further candidates had been Michael Appleby for the Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party[12][15][16] plus two independent candidates.[12] Based on preliminary results, Whaitiri more than tripled her 2014 election night majority over Mana's Nikora. Also based on preliminary results, Marama Fox of the Māori Party was elected to Parliament as a list MP.[17]

Members of Parliament

[edit]

Key

  Labour   Independent

Election Winner
1999 election Parekura Horomia
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2011 election
2013 by-election Meka Whaitiri
2014 election
2017 election
2020 election
2023 election Cushla Tangaere-Manuel

List MPs

[edit]

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested Ikaroa-Rāwhiti. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

  Māori Party   Green

Election Winner
2014 election Marama Fox
2020 election Elizabeth Kerekere

Election results

[edit]

2023 election

[edit]
2023 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[18]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Cushla Tangaere-Manuel 13,747 52.63 –2.94 14,775 54.79 –12.54
Te Pāti Māori Red XN Meka Whaitiri 10,873 41.63 +10.69 6,722 24.92 +12.76
Vision NZ Ata Tuhakaraina 787 3.01 –
Green   1,802 6.68 –1.79
National   964 3.69 +1.36
NZ First   927 3.54 –0.22
Legalise Cannabis   280 1.03 –0.88
NZ Loyal   257 0.95 –
ACT   209 0.77 –0.11
NewZeal   180 0.66 +0.03
Freedoms NZ   169 0.62 –
Opportunities   138 0.51 –0.23
Animal Justice   26 0.09 –
DemocracyNZ   26 0.09 –
New Conservatives   18 0.06 –0.32
Women's Rights   18 0.06 –
Leighton Baker Party   9 0.03 –
New Nation   9 0.03 –
Informal votes 711 436
Total valid votes 26,118 26,965
Labour hold Majority 2,874 11.00 –12.94

2020 election

[edit]
2020 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[19]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Meka Whaitiri 13,642 55.57 +0.44 17,111 67.33 +1.80
Māori Party Heather Te Au-Skipworth 7,597 30.94 −5.28 3,089 12.16 −1.00
Green Elizabeth Kerekere 2,080 8.47 −0.17 1,647 6.48 +1.56
Advance NZ Waitangi Kupenga 791 3.22 — 638 2.51 —
New Conservative Melissa Lee-Ann Hill 245 1.00 — 96 0.38 +0.32
Outdoors Kelly Thurston 196 0.80 — 44 0.17 +0.13
NZ First   956 3.76 −3.49
National   593 2.33 −2.54
Legalise Cannabis   486 1.91 +0.99
ACT   223 0.88 +0.75
Opportunities   189 0.74 −1.27
ONE   164 0.63 —
Vision NZ   161 0.63 —
Sustainable NZ   6 0.02 —
TEA   6 0.02 —
Social Credit   3 0.01 ±0.00
Heartland   0 0.00 —
Informal votes 820 472
Total valid votes 25,371 25,884
Labour hold Majority 6,075 23.94 −25.90

2017 election

[edit]
2017 general election: Ikaroa-Rawhiti[20]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Meka Whaitiri 12,274 53.68 +8.5 15,233 64.7 +17.32
Māori Party Marama Fox 8,064 35.27 +17.44 3,058 13.0 +0.81
Green Elizabeth Kerekere 1,924 8.41 -1.38 1,143 4.86 -5.42
NZ First   1,685 7.16 -4.09
National   1,131 4.8 -0.57
Opportunities   468 1.99 +1.99
Legalise Cannabis   214 0.91 -0.5
Mana   198 0.84 -8.88[a]
ACT   30 0.13 +0.2
Ban 1080   28 0.12 +0.1
People's Party   26 0.11 +0.11
Conservative   15 0.06 -0.53
Outdoors   9 0.04 +0.04
Internet   5 0.02 -9.70[b]
Democrats   1 0 -0.01
United Future   1 0 -0.03
Informal votes 603 285
Total valid votes 22,865 23,530
Labour hold Majority 4,210 18.41 -3.23

2014 election

[edit]
2014 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[21]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Meka Whaitiri 9,753 45.18 +4.28[c] 10,489 47.38 -2.20
Mana Te Hāmua Nikora 5,080 23.53 -2.59
Māori Party Marama Fox 3,848 17.83 -2.03 2,699 12.19 -1.79
Green Henare Kani 2,114 9.79 -1.36 2,275 10.28 +0.92
Independent Cathryn Eden 215 1.00 +1.00
Expatriate Party Vicky Rose 70 0.32 +0.32
NZ First   2,490 11.25 -2.95
Internet Mana   2,152 9.72 +0.12[d]
National   1,189 5.37 -0.60
Legalise Cannabis   313 1.41 -0.05
Conservative   130 0.59 +0.19
Ban 1080   25 0.11 +0.11
ACT   24 0.11 +0.11
Independent Coalition   11 0.05 +0.05
United Future   6 0.03 -0.05
Focus   4 0.02 +0.02
Democrats   2 0.01 0.00
Civilian   2 0.01 +0.01
Informal votes 506 325
Total valid votes 21,586 22,136
Labour hold Majority 4,673 21.64 -16.97

2013 by-election

[edit]

The following table shows the final results of the by-election:[7]

2013 Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election

Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of the by-election.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list prior to the by-election.
Yellow background denotes the winner of the by-election, who was a list MP prior to the by-election.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Meka Whaitiri 4,590 40.90 -19.81
Mana Party Te Hamua Nikora 2,931 26.12 +11.84
Māori Party Na Raihania 2,229 19.86 −3.24
Green Marama Davidson 1,251 11.15 +11.15
Legalise Cannabis Michael Appleby 176 1.57 +1.57
Independent Maurice Wairau 30 0.27 −1.64
Independent Adam Holland 15 0.13 +0.13
Total Valid votes 11,222
Informal votes 46 0.41 -4.93
Turnout 11,268 33.13 −22.46
Registered electors 34,008
Labour hold Majority 1,659 14.78 -22.83


2011 election

[edit]
2011 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[22]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Parekura Horomia 10,558 60.71 +9.22 9,054 49.58 -7.62
Māori Party Na Raihania 4,017 23.10 -19.86 2,736 14.98 -11.91
Mana Tawhai McClutchie 2,484 14.28 +14.28 1,754 9.60 +9.60
Independent Maurice Wairau 332 1.91 +1.91
Green   1,710 9.36 +6.21
NZ First   1,516 8.30 +2.93
National   1,091 5.97 +1.12
Legalise Cannabis   267 1.46 +0.47
Conservative   73 0.40 +0.40
ACT   36 0.20 -0.04
United Future   14 0.08 -0.01
Libertarianz   7 0.04 +0.02
Alliance   2 0.01 -0.004
Democrats   2 0.01 -0.004
Informal votes 928 470
Total valid votes 17,391 18,262
Labour hold Majority 6,541 37.61 +29.08

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 32,951[23]

2008 election

[edit]
2008 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[24]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Parekura Horomia 9,927 51.49 -2.26 11,328 57.20 -1.08
Māori Party Derek Fox 8,282 42.96 +0.16 5,326 26.89 -1.17
Green Bevan Tipene 1,070 5.55 +5.55 625 3.16 +0.63
NZ First   1,064 5.37 +0.64
National   962 4.86 +2.13
Legalise Cannabis   196 0.99 +0.18
Family Party   77 0.39 +0.39
Bill and Ben   68 0.34 +0.34
ACT   47 0.24 +0.06
Progressive   35 0.18 -0.12
Kiwi   25 0.13 +0.13
United Future   17 0.09 -0.29
Workers Party   16 0.08 +0.08
Pacific   7 0.04 +0.04
Libertarianz   4 0.02 +0.01
Alliance   3 0.02 -0.01
Democrats   3 0.02 +0.01
RONZ   2 0.01 -0.01
RAM   0 0.00 ±0.00
Informal votes 439 284
Total valid votes 19,279 19,805
Labour hold Majority 1,645 8.53 -2.29

2005 election

[edit]
2005 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[25]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Parekura Horomia 9,502 53.75 -24.31 10,639 58.28
Māori Party Atareta Poananga 7,570 42.80 +42.80 5,122 28.06
Destiny Tauha Te Kani 614 3.47 360 1.97
NZ First   846 4.63
National   499 2.73
Green   443 2.43
Legalise Cannabis   147 0.81
United Future   70 0.38
Progressive   54 0.30
ACT   33 0.18
Family Rights   14 0.08
Christian Heritage   7 0.04
99 MP   5 0.03
Alliance   5 0.03
One NZ   3 0.02
RONZ   3 0.02
Democrats   2 0.01
Libertarianz   2 0.01
Direct Democracy   1 0.01
Informal votes 472 240
Total valid votes 17,686 18,255
Labour hold Majority 1,932 10.92 -61.33

1999 election

[edit]
1999 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[26]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Parekura Horomia 7,442 40.99 10,763 59.03
Independent Derek Fox 6,747 37.16
NZ First Bill Gudgeon 1,084 5.97 2,185 11.98
Alliance Des Ratima 957 5.27 1,223 6.71
Mauri Pacific Rana Waitai 590 3.25 369 2.02
National Dale Stephens 376 2.07 812 4.45
Christian Democrats Tiwha Patricia Blake 235 1.29 170 0.93
Christian Heritage Peter Richard Amor 207 1.14 231 1.27
Freedom Movement Jennifer Waitai-Rapana 175 0.96 60 0.33
ACT Vicky Robin 139 0.77 99 0.54
Mana Wahine Beverly Rewa Nicholson 86 0.47
Natural Law Tim Irwin 66 0.36 28 0.15
Aroha Ngia Tatou Te Aroha Mei 51 0.28
Mana Māori   750 4.11
Green   727 3.99
Legalise Cannabis   716 3.93
Animals First   28 0.15
One NZ   23 0.13
The People's Choice   14 0.08
McGillicuddy Serious   13 0.07
United NZ   9 0.05
Libertarianz   8 0.04
NMP   3 0.02
Republican   1 0.01
South Island   1 0.01

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Compared to Internet Mana party vote
  2. ^ Compared to Internet Mana party vote
  3. ^ Change in vote percentage for candidates is relative to the 2013 by-election
  4. ^ Compared to Mana Movement party vote

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Enrolment by general electorate". Electoral commission. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Hon Meka Whaitiri". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  3. ^ Scotcher, Katie (16 October 2023). "Devastated Labour MPs prepare for spell in political wilderness". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  4. ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  5. ^ "Hon Parekura Horomia". New Zealand Parliament. 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  6. ^ Small, Vernon; Chapman, Kate (29 April 2013). "MP Parekura Horomia dead". Stuff. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  7. ^ a b "Results of the Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  8. ^ "Maori Party selects by-election candidate". 3 News NZ. 18 May 2013.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ "Na Rongowhakaata Raihania announced as candidate". Scoop. 18 May 2013.
  10. ^ "Te Hamua Nikora is the MANA Party Candidate for the Ikaroa Rawhiti By-Election". Mana Movement. 22 May 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  11. ^ "Mana announces Ikaroa-Rawhiti candidate". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  12. ^ a b c "Ikaroa-Rāwhiti By-election Candidates Announced". Elections New Zealand. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  13. ^ Bennett, Adam (26 May 2013). "Greens select child abuse campaigner for Ikaroa-Rawhiti". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  14. ^ "Marama Davidson selected as Green Party candidate for Ikaroa-Rāwhiti" (Press release). Green Party. Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  15. ^ "Vote Michael Appleby in the Ikaroa Rawhiti By-election". Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  16. ^ "Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party launch By-Election campaign". Scoop (Press release). Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  17. ^ Laing, Doug (20 September 2014). "Meka Whaitiri wins Ikaroa-Rawhiti". Hawke's Bay Today. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  18. ^ "Ikaroa-Rāwhiti – Official Result". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Official Count Results – Ikaroa-Rāwhiti". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Official Count Results – Ikaroa-Rawhiti". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  21. ^ 2014 Official Count Results – Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
  22. ^ "2011 election results". Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  23. ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  24. ^ 2008/electorate-65.html 2008 election results
  25. ^ 2005 election results[permanent dead link]
  26. ^ "Candidate vote details – Ikaroa-Rāwhiti". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
[edit]

39°25′00″S 176°49′00″E / 39.4167°S 176.8167°E / -39.4167; 176.8167

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