Bucharest Army Arsenal
 The Army Arsenal building and the Monument of Firefighters | |
| Company type | Arsenal |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1861 in Bucharest, Romania |
| Defunct | 1943 |
| Fate | Merged with the Târgoviște Army Arsenal |
Key people | Henrich Herkt |
The Army Arsenal of Bucharest (Romanian: Arsenalul Armatei din București) was the main arsenal of the Romanian Army, established in 1861 with the task of manufacturing, maintaining, and storing weapons, as well as limbers and caissons for the artillery.[1] The old flags, uniforms, and weapons of the Romanian Army were also stored at the Arsenal until 1919.[2][3]
History
[edit]During the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the need for a modern Army Arsenal arose. Initially, the Arsenal, together with the Army Pyrotechnics were to be located at Malmaison.[4][5] Soon however, it was decided to place them on Dealul Spirii, which gave the hill its alternate name of Dealul Arsenalului (Arsenal Hill).[6] Work on the main building and gate of the Arsenal began in 1860, and was completed in 1861. The building was constructed in the neogothic style, and according to some researchers, designed by Luigi Lipizer.[7]
On 23 November 1861, the Artillery Material Establishments Directorate (Direcția Stabilimentelor de Material de Artilerie) composed of the Army Arsenal, the Army Pyrotechnics, and the Powder Factory which was located in Târgșor near Ploiești, was established.[1] In 1873, the Pyrotechnics was separated from the Arsenal and moved to Cotroceni.[8] Within the Arsenal, construction started on a Weapons Factory (Manufactura de Arme) in July 1863. The machines used in this factory were acquired from Belgium.[9] In 1865, Colonel Henrich Herkt, who helped establish the Arsenal and the Pyrotechnics, presented an "artillery musketoon", and a "spahis rifle" manufactured at the establishments to Domnitor Cuza.[10]
After the proclamation of the Kingdom of Romania in 1881, Carol I ordered that a steel crown from one of the cannons captured during the War of Independence should be manufactured at the Army Arsenal for himself.[11] Designed by Theodor Aman, the Steel Crown of Romania was forged by the students and professional soldiers of the Arsenal from the front part of the barrel of a Krupp gun captured during the Battle of Plevna. The cannon was kept in the Museum of the Arsenal, then moved to the National Military Museum. With the establishment of the Order of the Crown of Romania, it was specified that the small crown from its center was to be made from the steel of the same gun as the crown.[12][13]
20th century
[edit]
In 1909, Aurel Vlaicu was commissioned by the Ministry of War to build his aircraft at the Army Arsenal. The A Vlaicu I was assembled at the Arsenal, and once the engine was mounted in 1910, the aircraft was also tested there.[14] Before Vlaicu, Henri Coandă also worked at the Arsenal, constructing a model of a rocket-powered airplane.[15]
During the First World War, in 1916, a number of 45 Model 1880 75 mm Krupp guns were modified for anti-aircraft use at the Arsenal.[16] The Arsenal was also evacuated to Moldavia together the Pyrotechnics, and the Powder Factory.[17]
Between 1928 and 1936, an apprenticeship school functioned at the Arsenal. In 1939, the school was re-established as the "School of Master Armorers and Artificers" (Școala de Maiștri Militari Armurieri și Artificieri) located near the Arsenal.[18] On 1 July 1943, the Bucharest Army Arsenal was evacuated and merged with the Târgoviște Army Arsenal.[19] The buildings of the former Arsenal were demolished to build the People's Palace in the 1980s.[18]
Artillery Museum
[edit]The first initiative of forming a military museum happened during Alexandru Ioan Cuza's reign when flags, uniforms, and weapons of the Romanian Army were stored at the Army Arsenal. The Artillery Museum (Muzeul Artileriei) was founded at the Arsenal in 1893. In 1914, it became a part of the National Museum of Antiquities.[2]
In 1919, the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains ceded the Arts Palace and two other nearby buildings from the Carol Park to the Ministry of War. The exhibitions of the future National Military Museum were to be housed there.[20]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Stroea & Ghinoiu 2015, p. 12.
- ^ a b "Muzeul Militar National". bucuresteni.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Steag domnesc din timpul lui Alexandru Ioan Cuza" (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 8 June 2011.
- ^ Stroea 2008, p. 29.
- ^ "S-a întâmplat în 1/13 februarie 1861". jurnalspiritual.eu (in Romanian). 2021-02-01.
- ^ Cristina Iosif (1 March 2010). "Dealul Arsenalului si tezaurul pierdut". bucurestiivechisinoi.ro (in Romanian).
- ^ Emanuel Bădescu (12 December 2013). "Bucureştiul neogotic (III)/de Emanuel Bădescu". zf.ro (in Romanian).
- ^ "Istoria militara a Cotrocenilor". cotroceni1900.ro. 23 July 2017.
- ^ "10 lei 2013 - 150 de ani de la punerea pietrei de temelie a Manufacturii de Arme de la Arsenalul Armatei". romaniancoins.org (in Romanian). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ Stroea & Ghinoiu 2015, p. 173.
- ^ Cornel-Constantin Ilie. "Cum a fost făurită coroana de oțel a regilor României". historia.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "The Steel Crown of Romanian Kings". capodopere2019.ro. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ Adrian Buga (9 May 2010). "Coroana de oțel, emblema regalității". Jurnalul Național (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 7 September 2012.
- ^ Octavian Silivestru (6 January 2021). "De la Arsenalul Armatei la I.A.R. – primele fabrici de avioane (II)". RADOR (in Romanian).
- ^ "Henri Coandă". Romanian Academy. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ Stroea & Ghinoiu 2015, p. 85.
- ^ Nestorescu 1975, p. 64.
- ^ a b "Veteranul de război general maior (în retragere) Ștefan Dimofte". veteraniiromaniei.mapn.ro (in Romanian). 28 April 2021.
- ^ Corina Slămnoiu (7 July 2022). "Povestea Arsenalului din centrul Târgoviştei". Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Muzeul Militar Naţional "Regele Ferdinand I"". ingerisidemoni.ro (in Romanian). 22 November 2012.
Bibliography
[edit]- Stroea, Adrian; Ghinoiu, Marin (2015). File din istoria artileriei. Fapte, întâmplări și oameni (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Centrului Tehnic-Editorial al Armatei. ISBN 9786065241510.
- Stroea, Adrian (2008). 165 ani de existență a artileriei române moderne (PDF) (in Romanian). Bucharest. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2011.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Nestorescu, Valerian (1975). File din trecutul artileriei române moderne (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Militară. OCLC 20469821.