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Bosniaks of Serbia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also: Serb Muslims
Bosniaks of Serbia
Бошњаци у Србији
Bošnjaci u Srbiji
Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia
Flag of the National Council of the Bosniak minority in Serbia
Total population
153,801 Serbian citizens, 2.31% of Serbia's population (2022)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Novi Pazar85,204 (79.84%)[2]
Tutin30,413 (92.01%)[2]
Sjenica17,665 (73.35%)[2]
Languages
Bosnian, Serbian
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Serbs, South Slavs

Bosniaks of Serbia (Serbian: Бошњаци у Србији, romanized: Bošnjaci u Srbiji) are a recognized national minority in Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Bosniaks in Serbia is 153,801, constituting 2.3% of the total population, which makes them the third largest ethnic group in the country. The vast majority of them live in the southwestern part of the country that borders Montenegro and Kosovo, called Sandžak. Their cultural center is located in Novi Pazar.

Politics

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Prvomajska Street in Novi Pazar

The first major political organisation of Bosniaks from Sandžak happened at the Sjenica conference, held in August 1917, during the Austro-Hungarian occupation of the former Sanjak of Novi Pazar. The Bosniak representatives at the conference decided to ask the Austro-Hungarian authorities to separate the Sanjak of Novi Pazar from Serbia and Montenegro and merge it with Bosnia and Herzegovina, or at least to give it autonomy in the region.[3]

After the end of World War I and the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918, the Sandžak region also become a part of the newly created country. At the Constitutional Assembly election held in 1920, the Bosniaks in Sandžak voted for the People's Radical Party. The main reason for supporting the radicals was a promise made to several influential Bosniaks that they would be compensated for losing their lands during the agrarian reform.[4]

The Muslims in Sandžak organised themselves together with the Albanians into the Džemijet party, that covered the area of present-day Kosovo, North Macedonia and Sandžak. The main goal of the Džemijet was the protection of the interests of Bosniaks and Albanians. Džemijet was founded in 1919 in Skopje and was led by Nexhip Draga and later by his brother Ferhat Bey Draga. After it was founded in Skopje, branches of the party were soon founded in Kosovo, Sandžak and the rest of North Macedonia. District and municipal branches in Sandžak were founded at a meeting of the Džemijet held in Novi Pazar in 1922. The meeting was highly attended, and it insisted upon Bosniak unity instead of division by various political parties.

One of the most important political figures of the Bosniaks in the part of Sandžak situated in Serbia was Mufti Muamer Zukorlić, who led the revival of Bosniak territorial and institutional organization in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Religion

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According to the 2011 Census, almost all Bosniaks in Serbia are Muslim (99.5%). The remainder is not religious or did not declare their religion.[5] Bosniaks make up the basis (75%) of the Muslim community in Serbia, while most other Muslims are ethnic Albanians or Romani.

Demographics

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Bosniaks, an ethnic minority, are primarily the ones living in southwestern Serbia, in the region historically known as Sandžak, which is today divided between the states of Serbia and Montenegro. Colloquially referred to as Sandžaklije by themselves and others, Bosniaks form the majority in three out of six municipalities in the Serbian part of Sandžak: Novi Pazar (77.1%), Tutin (90%) and Sjenica (73.8%) and comprise an overall majority of 59.6%. The town of Novi Pazar is a cultural center of the Bosniaks in Serbia. Many Bosniaks from the Sandžak area moved to Turkey after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Over the years a large number of Bosniaks from the Sandžak region left to other countries, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, Germany, Sweden, United States, Canada, Australia, etc. A second group is formed by Bosniaks that came from Bosnia and Herzegovina to the largest cities in Serbia during the 20th century as economic and inter-Yugoslav migrants.

Today, the majority of Bosniaks are Sunni Muslim and adhere to the Hanafi school of thought, the largest and oldest school of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Some in this region who identify as Bosniak do so on the account of religious identity as Muslims, but are ethnically Albanian and live in villages (Boroštica, Doliće, Ugao) located in the Pešter region. They have adopted a Bosniak identity in censuses, due to intermarriage, during the period of the SFR Yugoslavia, or due to sociopolitical discrimination against Albanians following the break-up of the SFRJ.[6]

Notable people

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Politics

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Military personnel

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Religious figures

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Athletes

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Performing arts

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Others

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See also

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Culture
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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Final results - Ethnicity". Почетна. 2023-07-14. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  2. ^ a b c "Population by ethnicity, by areas" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  3. ^ Kamberović 2009, p. 94–95.
  4. ^ Crnovršanin & Sadiković 2001, p. 287.
  5. ^ "Population by national affiliation and religion, Census 2011". Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
  6. ^ Andrea Pieroni, Maria Elena Giusti, & Cassandra L. Quave (2011). "Cross-cultural ethnobiology in the Western Balkans: medical ethnobotany and ethnozoology among Albanians and Serbs in the Pešter Plateau, Sandžak, southwestern Serbia." Human Ecology. 39.(3): 335. "The current population of the Albanian villages is partly “Bosniakised”, since in the last two generations a number of Albanian males began to intermarry with (Muslim) Bosniak women of Pešter. This is one of the reasons why locals in Ugao were declared to be “Bosniaks” in the last census of 2002, or, in Boroštica, to be simply “Muslims”, and in both cases abandoning the previous ethnic label of “Albanians”, which these villages used in the census conducted during “Yugoslavian” times. A number of our informants confirmed that the self-attribution “Albanian” was purposely abandoned in order to avoid problems following the Yugoslav Wars and associated violent incursions of Serbian paramilitary forces in the area. The oldest generation of the villagers however are still fluent in a dialect of Ghegh Albanian, which appears to have been neglected by European linguists thus far. Additionally, the presence of an Albanian minority in this area has never been brought to the attention of international stakeholders by either the former Yugoslav or the current Serbian authorities."

Sources

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