Big Well (Kansas)

	Greensburg Well
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	Former Big Well visitor center before it was destroyed by a tornado in 2007
Location	315 South Sycamore, Greensburg, Kansas
Coordinates	37°36′20″N 99°17′37″W / 37.60556°N 99.29361°W
Area	1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built	1887
Architect	Wheeler, J.W.
NRHP reference No.	72000507
Added to NRHP	February 23, 1972

The Big Well is a large historic water well in Greensburg, Kansas, United States. Visitors enter the well for a fee, descending an illuminated stairway to the bottom of the well.^[2]

History

It began construction in 1887 at a cost of $45,000 to provide water for the Santa Fe and Rock Island railroads and finished construction in 1888. It served as the municipal water supply until 1932.^[2] It was designated a National Museum in 1972;^[3] in 1973 it was awarded an American Water Landmark by the American Water Works Association.^[4] Under the name of "Greensburg Well," it has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) since 1972.^[5] In 2008, the well was named one of the 8 Wonders of Kansas.

Although it is billed as the world's largest hand-dug well, at 109 feet (33 m) deep and 32 feet (9.8 m) in diameter,^[6] the Well of Joseph in the Cairo Citadel at 280 feet (85 m) deep and the Pozzo di San Patrizio (St. Patrick's Well) built in 1527 in Orvieto, Italy, at 61 metres (200 ft) deep by 13 metres (43 ft) wide^[7] are both actually larger.^{[citation needed]}^{[improper synthesis?]}

Construction

The Big Well's construction in 1887 utilized many engineering techniques from the late 19th century. According to The Kansas Sampler Foundation, crews of 12-15 men utilized, pickaxes, shovels, ropes, pulleys, and barrels. The casing of the well was made from stones brought from the Medicine River roughly twelve miles south of Greensburg that were brought over via wagons. Slatted wagons were used to haul dirt away from the well. Whenever a low spot was reached in the wagon, the slats were opened, allowing level ground to be created around the area. As the well's construction continued, a wide shaft was cribbed and braced every twelve feet with two by twelve inch planks for safety reasons in concern of the workers. Utilizing these braces, soil was hoisted up in barrels to continue the digging. After the stones were fitted around them, the braces were sawed off. When the well had reached roughly 109 feet in depth, perforated pipe was driven horizontally into gravel containing water, which aided in bringing water into the basin.^[8]

Visitor center

The well had a visitor center detailing the history of the well's construction. On May 4, 2007, a tornado hit Greensburg, destroying the center.^[9] The well reopened on May 26, 2012.

The new visitor center, also known as the Big Well Museum, contains a circular timeline of the city of Greensburg in three stages, including the beginnings of Greensburg, the Tornadic event, and the Eco-Friendly Rebuilding of Greensburg. The Big Well Museum contains information on the formation of tornadoes and explains the meteorological phenomenon that took place to spawn such an event. There are interactive pull-outs in the walls, as well as televisions, cards, and infographics depicting historical events, interviews, tragedies, model survival kits, and other tornado related items. Around the museum are elements of storm debris, including stop signs, street signs, clocks, and tornado sirens, including the remains of Greensburg's Federal Signal Thunderbolt siren destroyed by the tornado. A Sentry 10v was installed during the rebuilding to replace it.

The visitor center also displayed a Brenham half-ton (1,000 lb, 450 kg) pallasite meteorite recovered from the area. The meteorite was billed as the world's largest single-piece pallasite,^[10] but that title is held by other samples. It was reported that the Big Well visitor center was destroyed, and the meteorite was missing ^[11] on May 7, after the 2007 Greensburg tornado destroyed the town. The meteorite, which was insured for $1 million, was later located underneath a collapsed wall and was displayed temporarily at the Sternberg Museum of Natural History in Hays, Kansas while the new building was being built.^[12] It has returned to the reconstructed museum site.

Gallery

New Big Well Museum, as of June 2013.
The new museum's well stairwell, as of June 2013.
"World's Largest Pallasite Meteorite"

References

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Big Well official homepage
^ Big Well on World's Largest Things
^ Water Landmarks Archived 2005-09-24 at the Wayback Machine from the website of the American Water Works Association
^ KANSAS - Kiowa County, Nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Accessed 2008-10-23.
^ other hand-dug wells are much deeper, such as the Woodingdean Water Well in Brighton, England, but the Big Well's diameter gives it a greater total volume.
^ St. Patrick's Well
^ [Kansas Sampler Foundation. The Big Well Museum & Visitors Center, Greensburg, KS, Kansas Sampler Foundation, Greensburg, KS. ]
^ Evidence of the destruction is based on a Wichita Eagle/Associated Press photo published here on and hosted by CNN
^ Big Well Booklet Archived 2007-02-09 at the Wayback Machine, Chamber of Commerce, Greensburg, Kansas, written 1987, viewed 6 May 2007.
^ Greensburg loses unique town treasure too Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
^ Greensburg's famed meteorite found under rubble Archived May 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

External links

Official Big Well website

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.

[homepage-2] Big Well official homepage

[3] Big Well on World's Largest Things

[4] Water Landmarks Archived 2005-09-24 at the Wayback Machine from the website of the American Water Works Association

[5] KANSAS - Kiowa County, Nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Accessed 2008-10-23.

[6] ther hand-dug wells are much deeper, such as the Woodingdean Water Well in Brighton, England, but the Big Well's diameter gives it a greater total volume.

[7] St. Patrick's Well

[8] [Kansas Sampler Foundation. The Big Well Museum & Visitors Center, Greensburg, KS, Kansas Sampler Foundation, Greensburg, KS. ]

[9] Evidence of the destruction is based on a Wichita Eagle/Associated Press photo published here on and hosted by CNN

[10] Big Well Booklet Archived 2007-02-09 at the Wayback Machine, Chamber of Commerce, Greensburg, Kansas, written 1987, viewed 6 May 2007.

[11] Greensburg loses unique town treasure too Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

[12] Greensburg's famed meteorite found under rubble Archived May 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

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