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Akashi Castle

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Akashi Castle
明石城
Akashi, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
Tatsumi Yagura(r) and Hitsujisaru Yagura(l)
Akashi Castle is located in Hyōgo Prefecture
Akashi Castle
Akashi Castle
Akashi Castle is located in Japan
Akashi Castle
Akashi Castle
Coordinates34°39′09″N 134°59′30″E / 34.65250°N 134.99167°E / 34.65250; 134.99167
Typeflatland-style Japanese castle
Site information
ConditionRuins, save two yagura and a connecting wall
Site history
Built1617 to 1619
Built byOgasawara Tadazane
In use1619 to 1874
Demolished1874
Map

Akashi Castle (明石城, Akashi-jō) was an Edo period Japanese castle located in the city of Akashi, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It was also known as Kiharu Castle (喜春城, Kiharu-jō) or Kinkō Castle (錦江城, Kinkō-jō). Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1957.[1]

History

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Akashi Castle is located on Mount Akamatsu, a hill in central Akashi, to the north of Akashi Station. The site was the location of a burial mound which was believed to have been the grave of the Nara period poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro. The location dominates the San'yōdō highway connecting the Kinai region with western Japan and also the main route north to Tanba and Tango Provinces. It is also very near the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, overlooking the narrows to Awaji island. Considered by the Tokugawa shogunate to be a backup to Himeji Castle, it was the final line of defences for the Kansai region against any attack from the west.[2]

The construction of the castle was by order of Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada from 1617 to 1619, who had assigned Ogasawara Tadazane to the area as daimyō of the newly created 100,000 koku Akashi Domain.[3] Ogasawara Tadazane's father Ogasawara Hidemasa had married a granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu and was daimyō of Matsumoto Domain. He was killed in action at the Siege of Osaka. It is claimed without clear documentary evidence that Miyamoto Musashi assisted in building the castle as a "Construction Supervisor", as it is recorded that he was in the service of Ogasawara Tadazane at the time.

The castle only took one year to complete, which was relatively fast for the time period.[3] This was done so quickly as a result of the 1615 decree mandating castle per clan, so many castles in the area were dismantled and some materials and buildings were recycled for the construction of Akashi Castle. This included wood from Miki Castle, Takasago Castle, Edayoshi Castle, and Funage Castle and a number of buildings from Fushimi Castle and Funage Castle including yagura towers. Although no tenshu main tower was ever built, Akashi Castle became a large castle with 20 yagura and 27 gates. The Inner bailey had four three-story corner yagura, two of which have survived to the present.[2]

The Ogawasawa clan were transferred to Kokura Domain in 1632, and afterwards the castle was ruled by a succession of fudai daimyō or shimpan clans. Akashi Castle underwent major repairs in 1739, and was largely demolished by the Meiji Government in 1874. The castle site became the Hyogo Prefectural Akashi Park.[2] The castle suffered considerable damage in the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake, with some collapsed stone walls and extensive damage to its yagura towers.

Akashi Castle was listed as one of Japan's Top 100 Castles by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006.[4]

The castle is a ten-minute walk from Akashi Station on the JR West San'yō Main Line.[2]

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  • Layout map
    Layout map
  • Section of wall and the Hitsujisaru Yagura
    Section of wall and the Hitsujisaru Yagura
  • Tatsumi Yagura
    Tatsumi Yagura

Cultural properties

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Hitsujisaru yagura and Central Akashi city.

Two of the remaining yagura towers of Akashi Castle have been designated Important Cultural Properties:

  • Hitsujisaru Yagura (坤櫓)[5]
  • Tatsumi Yagura (巽櫓)[6]

See also

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Further reading

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  • De Lange, William (2021). An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles. Groningen: Toyo Press. pp. 600 pages. ISBN 978-94-92722-30-0.
  • Schmorleitz, Morton S. (1974). Castles in Japan. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. pp. 144–145. ISBN 0-8048-1102-4.
  • Motoo, Hinago (1986). Japanese Castles. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 200 pages. ISBN 0-87011-766-1.
  • Mitchelhill, Jennifer (2004). Castles of the Samurai: Power and Beauty. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 112 pages. ISBN 4-7700-2954-3.
  • Turnbull, Stephen (2003). Japanese Castles 1540-1640. Osprey Publishing. p. 64 pages. ISBN 1-84176-429-9.

References

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  1. ^ "明石城跡". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Isomura, Yukio; Sakai, Hideya (2012). (国指定史跡事典) National Historic Site Encyclopedia. 学生社. ISBN 978-4-311-75040-3.(in Japanese)
  3. ^ a b "Akashi Castle – Jcastle.info". jcastle.info. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  4. ^ Japan Castle Foundation
  5. ^ "明石城 坤櫓". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  6. ^ "明石城 巽櫓". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
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Media related to Akashi Castle at Wikimedia Commons

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