1560
Appearance
(Redirected from AD 1560)
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1560 by topic |
---|
Arts and science |
Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Works category |
Gregorian calendar | 1560 MDLX |
Ab urbe condita | 2313 |
Armenian calendar | 1009 ԹՎ ՌԹ |
Assyrian calendar | 6310 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1481–1482 |
Bengali calendar | 967 |
Berber calendar | 2510 |
English Regnal year | 2 Eliz. 1 – 3 Eliz. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 2104 |
Burmese calendar | 922 |
Byzantine calendar | 7068–7069 |
Chinese calendar | 己未年 (Earth Goat) 4257 or 4050 — to — 庚申年 (Metal Monkey) 4258 or 4051 |
Coptic calendar | 1276–1277 |
Discordian calendar | 2726 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1552–1553 |
Hebrew calendar | 5320–5321 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1616–1617 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1481–1482 |
- Kali Yuga | 4660–4661 |
Holocene calendar | 11560 |
Igbo calendar | 560–561 |
Iranian calendar | 938–939 |
Islamic calendar | 967–968 |
Japanese calendar | Eiroku 3 (永禄3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1479–1480 |
Julian calendar | 1560 MDLX |
Korean calendar | 3893 |
Minguo calendar | 352 before ROC 民前352年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | 92 |
Thai solar calendar | 2102–2103 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴土羊年 (female Earth-Goat) 1686 or 1305 or 533 — to — 阳金猴年 (male Iron-Monkey) 1687 or 1306 or 534 |
Year 1560 (MDLX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 7 – In the Kingdom of Scotland, French troops commanded by Henri Cleutin and Captain Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous sail across the Firth of Forth from Leith, which they are occupying, and fight with the Lords of the Congregation at Pettycur Bay near Kinghorn.
- February 27 – Treaty of Berwick: Terms are agreed upon with the Lords of the Congregation in Scotland, for forces of the Kingdom of England to enter Scotland, to expel French troops defending the Regency of Mary of Guise.[1]
- March 7 – A Spanish-led expedition, commanded by Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli, overruns the Tunisian island of Djerba.[2]
- March 17 – Leaders of the Amboise conspiracy, including Godefroy de Barry, seigneur de La Renaudie, make an unsuccessful attempt to storm the château of Amboise, where the young French king and queen are residing.[3] La Renaudie is subsequently caught and executed, along with over 1,000 of his followers.[4]
- March – Bairam Khan, the Vakil or prime minister of India's Mughal Empire, is forced to retire by the Emperor Akbar.[5]
- March 29 - Numberblock King 1 Sets a Ship from Nigeria (Then Kingdom of Benin) to Washington, USA Then A Horse to Numbercity, Idaho
April–June
[edit]- April 15 – Denmark–Norway buys the Estonian island of Ösel, from its last prince-bishop.
- May 11 – In the Battle of Djerba, the Ottoman fleet, commanded by Piali Pasha, overwhelms a large joint European (mainly Spanish) fleet, sinking about half its ships.[6]
- June 12 (19th day of 5th month of Eiroku 3) – In Japan, Oda Nobunaga defeats Imagawa Yoshimoto in the Battle of Okehazama.[7]
July–September
[edit]- July 6 – The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed between England, France and Scotland, ending the Siege of Leith. The French withdraw from Scotland, largely ending the Auld Alliance between the two countries, and also ending the wars between England and its northern neighbour.[8]
- August 2 – Livonian War – Battle of Ergeme: Russians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, precipitating the dissolution of the order.
- August 17 – The Scottish Reformation Parliament adopts a Protestant confession of faith and rejects papal authority, beginning the Scottish Reformation, and disestablishing Roman Catholicism in Scotland.[9][10]
- August 21 – A total eclipse of the sun is observable in Europe, which inspires Tycho Brahe's interest in astronomy.[11]
- September 18 – After Robert Sempill, 3rd Lord Sempill, a Scottish Catholic, continues to resist the Scottish Reformation, the Duke of Châtellerault and the Earl of Arran commence a siege of Castle Semple at Lochwinnoch. They begin firing artillery at the castle on September 23 and destroy the gatehouse.
- September 29 – Eric XIV becomes King of Sweden, upon the death of his father, Gustav Vasa.[12]
October–December
[edit]- October 4 – Queen Elizabeth of England notifies the official treasurers and Lords Mayor throughout the kingdom that the existing coins will be replaced and that those in circulation are to be devalued, to be stricken with a special mark to indicate lesser worth. Treasurers are all instructed to send the coins withdrawn from circulation to be sent to the Royal Mint to be melted down for the new coins.[13]
- October 19 – The siege of Castle Semple ends after 31 days when the defenders wave the white flag of surrender.[14]
- October 29 – Queen Elizabeth directs the minting of the first machine produced coins in the Kingdom to completely replace hammered coinage, produced manually.
- November 8 – Eloy Mestrelle is given authority to commence the production of the new English coinage on machines he has brought over from France for the purpose of mass production.[15]
- December 5 – Charles IX succeeds his brother Francis as King of France, after Francis dies of a severe ear infection at the age of 16. Francis's mother (Mary's mother-in-law), Catherine de' Medici, becomes regent of France.[16]
Date unknown
[edit]- The complete Geneva Bible is published.[17]
- The first scientific society, the Academia Secretorum Naturae, is founded in Naples by Giambattista della Porta.[18]
- Solihull School is founded in the West Midlands of England.[19][20]
- The oldest surviving violin (dated inside), known as the Charles IX, is made in Cremona, in northern Italy.
- The Mongols invade and occupy Qinghai.[21]
- The great age of piracy in the Caribbean starts around this time.[22]
Births
[edit]- January 17 – Gaspard Bauhin, Swiss botanist (d. 1624)[23]
- January 29 – Scipione Dentice, Neapolitan keyboard composer (d. 1633)[24]
- March 13 – William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Dutch count (d. 1620)[25]
- March 29 – Erekle I, Prince of Mukhrani, Georgian noble (d. 1605)
- April 19 – Count Jobst of Limburg (d. 1621)[26]
- May 6 – Guido Pepoli, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1599)[27]
- June 25 – Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon (d. 1634)[28]
- June 28 – Giovanni Paolo Lascaris, Italian Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1657)
- July 1 – Charles III de Croÿ, Belgian noble (d. 1612)[29]
- July 7 – Margaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland, English noblewoman and maid of honor to Elizabeth I (d. 1616)[30]
- August 6 – Antoine Arnauld, French lawyer (d. 1619)[31]
- August 7 – Elizabeth Báthory, Hungarian noblewoman and purported serial killer (d. 1614)[32]
- August 10 – Hieronymus Praetorius, German composer (d. 1629)[33]
- August 19 – James Crichton, Scottish polymath (d. 1582)[34]
- August 25 – Park Jin, Korean naval commander (d. 1597)
- September 4 – Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (d. 1600)[35]
- September 19 – Thomas Cavendish, English naval explorer, leader of the third expedition to circumnavigate the globe (d. 1592)[36]
- October 10 – Jacobus Arminius, Dutch theologian (d. 1609)[37]
- October 17 – Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (d. 1604)[38]
- October 29 – Christian I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1591)[39]
- November 3 – Annibale Carracci, Italian painter (d. 1609)[40]
- November 22 – Charles, Margrave of Burgau, German nobleman (d. 1618)[41]
- November 28 – Baltasar Marradas, Count of Spain (d. 1638)[42]
- December 3 – Jan Gruter, Dutch critic and scholar (d. 1627)[43]
- December 13 – Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, 2nd Prime Minister of France (d. 1641)[44]
- December 28 – Samuel Sandys, English politician (d. 1623)[45]
- December 29 – Wolfgang Ernst I of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein, German count (d. 1633)[46]
- date unknown
- Felice Anerio, Italian composer (d. 1614)[47]
- Marco Antonio de Dominis, Dalmatian archbishop and apostate (d. 1624)[48]
- Amalia von Hatzfeld, Swedish countess governor (d. 1628)
- Lieven de Key, Dutch architect (d. 1627)[49]
- Ishida Mitsunari, Japanese samurai (d. 1600)[50]
- Hugh Myddelton, Welsh businessman (d. 1631)[51]
- Anton Praetorius, German pastor (d. 1613)[52]
- probable
- Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, Polish military commander (d. 1621)[53]
- Adam Haslmayr, Tyrolean commentator on Rosicrucian manifestos (d. 1630)[54]
- Ketevan the Martyr, Georgian queen and saint (d. 1624)
Deaths
[edit]- January 1 – Joachim du Bellay, French poet (b. 1522)[55]
- January 8 – Jan Łaski, Polish Protestant evangelical reformer (b. 1499)[56]
- January 22 – Wang Zhi, Chinese pirate[57]
- February 7 – Bartolommeo Bandinelli, Florentine sculptor (b. 1493)[58]
- February 14 – Philip I, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (b. 1515)[59]
- February 16 – Jean du Bellay, French cardinal and diplomat (b. 1493)[60]
- March 5 – Pedro Pacheco de Villena, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1488)[61]
- April 19 – Philip Melanchthon, German humanist and reformer (b. 1497)[62]
- June 11 – Mary of Guise, queen of James V of Scotland and regent (b. 1515)[63]
- June 12
- Imagawa Yoshimoto, Japanese daimyō (b. 1519)[64][unreliable source?]
- Ii Naomori, Japanese warrior (b. 1506)
- August 4 – Maeda Toshimasa, Japanese samurai
- August 7 – Anastasia Romanovna, Tsarina of Russia, married to Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible (b. 1530)[65]
- September 8 – Amy Robsart, English noblewoman (b. 1532)[66]
- September 14 – Anton Fugger, German merchant (b. 1493)[67]
- September 29 – King Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1496)[68]
- September 30 – Melchor Cano, Spanish theologian (b. 1525)[69]
- November 7 – Petrus Lotichius Secundus, German Neo-Latin poet (b. 1528)[70]
- November 25 – Andrea Doria, Italian naval commander (b. 1466)[71]
- December 2 – Georg Sabinus, German writer (b. 1508)[72]
- December 5 – King Francis II of France (b. 1544)[73]
- December 7 – Ernest of Bavaria, pledge lord of the County of Glatz (b. 1500)[74]
- Date unknown – Benvenida Abrabanel, philanthropist and businesswoman.[75]
References
[edit]- ^ Huguenot Society of London (1965). Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London. Huguenot Society of London. p. 633.
- ^ "Juan de la Cerda y Silva". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Boisson, Didier; Daussy, Hugues (2006). Les Protestants dans la France moderne (in French). Belin. p. 117. ISBN 978-2-7011-3334-8. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Pitts, Vincent J. (January 5, 2009). Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age. JHU Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8018-9027-7. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Richards, John F. (1993). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ Glete, Jan (January 4, 2002). Warfare at Sea, 1500-1650: Maritime Conflicts and the Transformation of Europe. Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-134-61078-5. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Kodansha. 1983. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-87011-626-1.
- ^ Great Britain. Public Record Office (1966). Calendar of State Papers: Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth ... p. 174.
- ^ "Records of the Parliaments of Scotland". www.rps.ac.uk. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- ^ Burnet, George B. (1960). The holy communion in the reformed Church of Scotland, 1560-1960. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd. p. 1. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- ^ The Observatory. London: Taylor and Francis. 1890. p. 397. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- ^ Rudbeck, Ture Gustaf (1855). Försök till beskrifning öfver Sveriges städer i historiskt, topografiskt och statistiskt hänseende (in Swedish). Albert Bonniers förlag. p. 16. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- ^ John Stow, The Chronicles of England from Brute unto this Present Year of 1580 (Henry Bynneman for Ralph Newbury, Cum Privilegio, London 1580), p. 1115 (Umich/eebo).
- ^ William M. Metcalfe (1905). A History of the County of Renfrew from the Earliest Times. Alexander Gardener. p. 213.
- ^ Symonds, H. (1916). "The mint of Queen Elizabeth and those who worked there". Spink and Son's Numismatic Circular. 16: 61–105.
- ^ Isidore Silver (1961). Ronsard and the Hellenic Renaissance in France. Librairie Droz. p. 382. ISBN 978-2-600-03094-6.
- ^ Metzger, Bruce M. (1960). "The Geneva Bible of 1560". Theology Today. 17 (3): 339–352. doi:10.1177/004057366001700308. S2CID 170946047. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ Bergin, Thomas G., ed. (1987). Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Oxford; New York: New Market Books.
- ^ Independent schools yearbook : 1997/98 boys' schools, girls' schools, co-educational schools & preparatory schools. London: A & C Black. 1997. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-7136-4752-5. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ "Our History". solsch.org.uk. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ Paludan, Ann (March 24, 2009). Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-reign Record Of The Rulers Of Imperial China. WW Norton. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-500-28764-4. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ Narayan, S. S. (2009). Sea Pirates. Sumit Enterprises. p. 8. ISBN 978-81-8420-167-3. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ Benkert, Davina (March 11, 2020). Ökonomien botanischen Wissens: Praktiken der Gelehrsamkeit in Basel um 1600 (in German). Schwabe Verlag (Basel). p. 62. ISBN 978-3-7965-4155-1. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ "Dentice, Scipione". Grove Music Online. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Koopmans, Hanno Brand & Joop W. (March 22, 2022). Willem Lodewijk: stadhouder en strateeg (1560-1620-2020) (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 11. ISBN 978-90-8704-872-3. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Schaumburger Studien (in German). C. Bösendahl. 1963. p. 148. ISBN 978-3-88368-305-8. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 20, 1589". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Meyer-Ahrens, Conrad (1865). Wilhelm Fabry, genannt Fabricius von Hilden: eine historische Original-Skizze (in German). Hirschwald. p. 2. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Tournoy, Gilbert; Papy, Jan; Landtsheer, Jeanine (1997). Lipsius en Leuven: catalogus van de tentoonstelling in de Centrale Bibliotheek te Leuven, 18 september-17 oktober 1997 (in Dutch). Leuven University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-90-6186-836-1. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Stephen, Leslie (1887). Dictionary of national biography. Oxford University Press. p. 68. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Larrière, N. de (1783). Vie de messire Antoine Arnauld (in French). Sigismond d'Arnay. p. 377. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ "Elizabeth Bathory | Biography & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
- ^ Julius Bodensieck (1965). N-Z. Augsburg. p. 1932.
- ^ Phelps, William Lyon (1921). Essays on Modern Dramatists. Macmillan. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8369-1476-4. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ^ Lehmann, Johann Georg (1867). Vollständige Geschichte des Herzogthums Zweibrücken und seiner Fürsten (in German). Kaiser. p. 474. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ^ "Cavendish, Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4942. Retrieved October 24, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Hellinga, Gerben (2009). Leiders van de Gouden Eeuw (in Dutch). Walburg Pers. p. 127. ISBN 978-90-5730-623-5. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ^ Ledderhose, Karl Friedrich; Ledderhose, Carl Friedrich (1890). Aus dem Leben des Markgrafen Georg Friedrich von Baden (in German). C. Winter. p. 13. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ^ Zachmann, Rudolf (1912). Die Politik Kursachsens unter Christian I. 1586-1591 (in German). Franke. p. 3. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ^ Malvasia's Life of the Carracci: Commentary and Translation. Penn State Press. 2000. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-271-04437-8. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ^ Mikovec, Ferdinand Břetislav (1860). Alterthümer und Denkwürdigkeiten Böhmens: 1 (in German). Kober & Markgraf. p. 117. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ Rivista del sovrano militare Ordine di Malta (in Italian). Scuola tip. pontif. per i figli dei carcerati. 1941. p. 19. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ Wolf, Peter; Geschichte, Haus der Bayerischen (2003). Der Winterkönig, Friedrich von der Pfalz: Bayern und Europa im Zeitalter des Dreissigjährigen Krieges (in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. p. 229. ISBN 978-3-8062-1810-7. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ Thomas, Antoine Léonard (1763). Éloge de Maximilien de Bethune, duc de Bethune, duc de Sully (in French). Regnard. p. 59. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ "SANDYS, Sir Samuel (1560-1623), of Ombersley, Worcs. | History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ Zeitschrift des Vereins für hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde (in German). Verein für Hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde. 1862. p. 46. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ Carter, Tim; Butt, John (December 22, 2005). The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ Malcolm, Noel (1984). De Dominis, 1560-1624 : Venetian, Anglican, ecumenist, and relapsed heretic. London: Strickland & Scott Academic Publications. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-947891-00-8. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ Placzek, Adolf K. (1982). Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects. Free Press. p. 533. ISBN 978-0-02-925000-6. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ^ 対外関係史辞典 (in Japanese). 吉川弘文館. February 2009. p. 34. ISBN 978-4-642-01449-6. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ A. H. Dodd. "Myddelton, of Gwaenynog, Denbigh, Chirk, and Ruthin, Denbighshire, London and Essex". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
- ^ Friedrich Spee, Priester, Mahner und Poet (1591-1635): eine Ausstellung der Diözesan- und Dombibliothek Köln in Zusammenarbeit mit der Friedrich-Spee-Gesellschaft Düsseldorf, 11. Juni bis 9. Oktober 2008 (in German). Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek. 2008. p. 90. ISBN 978-3-939160-16-8. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ Podhorodecki, Leszek (1982). Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, 1560-1621 (in Polish). Wydawn. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. p. 13. ISBN 978-83-11-06707-3. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ Soukup, Rudolf Werner (2007). Chemie in Österreich: von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 18 Jahrhunderts (in German). Böhlau Verlag Wien. p. 279. ISBN 978-3-205-77567-6. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ Bibliothèque d'humanisme et Renaissance: Travaux et documents. Librairie Droz. 1979. p. 345.
- ^ Ramet, Sabrina P. (June 22, 2017). The Catholic Church in Polish History: From 966 to the Present. Springer. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-137-40281-3. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ Wong, Young-tsu (August 5, 2017). China's Conquest of Taiwan in the Seventeenth Century: Victory at Full Moon. Springer. p. 20. ISBN 978-981-10-2248-7. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ Derek Parker (2003). Cellini: Artist, Genius, Fugitive. Sutton. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-7509-2957-8.
- ^ Wehrmann, Martin August Ludwig (1904). Geschichte von Pommern (in German). F.A. Perthes. p. 58. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of May 21, 1535". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 16, 1545". cardinals.fiu.edu.
- ^ Mircea Eliade (1987). The Encyclopedia of Religion. Macmillan. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-02-909800-4.
- ^ "Marie de Guise: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
- ^ 今川義元の群像 (in Japanese). 歴史研究会. p. 51. Retrieved October 27, 2023.[unreliable source?]
- ^ Kallio-Seppä, Titta; Lipkin, Sanna; Väre, Tiina; Moilanen, Ulla (August 12, 2022). Unusual Death and Memorialization: Burial, Space, and Memory in the Post-Medieval North. Berghahn Books. p. 196. ISBN 978-1-80073-603-0. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ Watkins, Sarah-Beth (December 11, 2020). The Death of Amy Robsart: An Elizabethan Mystery. John Hunt Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-78904-483-6. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ Häberlein, Mark (2006). Die Fugger: Geschichte einer Augsburger Familie (1367-1650) (in German). W. Kohlhammer Verlag. p. 92. ISBN 978-3-17-018472-5. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ Scholastic Library Publishing (2006). Encyclopedia Americana. Scholastic Library Pub. p. 625. ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6.
- ^ Díaz, Gonzalo Díaz (1980). Hombres y documentos de la filosofía española (in Spanish). CSIC Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-84-00-05543-1. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ Klippel, Ge Heimr (1853). Deutsche Lebens- u. Charakterbilder aus den drei letzten Jahrhunderten (in German). Geisler. p. 149. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ Jane Turner (2000). Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist Art. Grove's Dictionaries. p. 472. ISBN 978-1-884446-02-3.
- ^ Heffter, Moritz W. (1844). Erinnerung an Georg Sabinus, den trefflichen Dichter, akademischen Lehrer und Diplomaten, den Mitstifter der Universität zu Königsberg in Preussen: zur dritten Jubelfeier der Albertina (in German). Weigel. p. 76. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ John Leon Lievsay (1977). Studies in the Continental Background of Renaissance English Literature: Essays Presented to John L. Lievsay. Duke University Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8223-0388-6.
- ^ Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlung des Allerhöchsten Kaiserhauses (in German). A. Schroll & Company. 1894. p. 165. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ Kaufman, Michael (1993). The Woman in Jewish Law and Tradition. J. Aronson. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-87668-346-0. Retrieved October 27, 2023.