Jump to content

2016 Nice truck attack

Coordinates: 43°41′37″N 7°15′21″E / 43.6936°N 7.2557°E / 43.6936; 7.2557
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from 2016 Nice attack)

2016 Nice truck attack
Part of Islamic terrorism in Europe
The Promenade des Anglais, the site of the attack
Route of the attacker from west to east
LocationPromenade des Anglais, Nice, France
Coordinates43°41′37″N 7°15′21″E / 43.6936°N 7.2557°E / 43.6936; 7.2557
Date14 July 2016; 8 years ago (2016-07-14)
c. 22:30 – 22:35 CEST
TargetPeople attending or participating in a Bastille Day parade
Attack type
Vehicle-ramming attack, mass murder
WeaponsRenault Midlum cargo truck, 7.65mm pistol[1]
Deaths87 (including the perpetrator)[2][3]
Injured434
AssailantMohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel
MotiveIslamic extremism

On the evening of 14 July 2016, a 19-tonne cargo truck was deliberately driven into crowds of people celebrating Bastille Day on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice, France, resulting in the deaths of 86 people[n 1] and the injury of 434 others.[4] The driver was Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, a Tunisian living in France.[5][6] The attack ended following an exchange of gunfire, during which he was shot and killed by police.

The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack, saying Lahouaiej-Bouhlel answered its "calls to target citizens of coalition nations that fight the Islamic State". On 15 July, François Molins, the prosecutor for the Public Ministry, which is overseeing the investigation, said the attack bore the hallmarks of jihadist terrorism.[7][failed verification]

On 15 July, French President François Hollande called the attack an act of Islamic terrorism, announced an extension of the state of emergency (which had been declared following the November 2015 Paris attacks) for a further three months, and announced an intensification of French airstrikes on ISIL in Syria and Iraq.[8][9] France later extended the state of emergency until 26 January 2017.[10] The French government declared three days of national mourning starting on 16 July. Thousands of extra police and soldiers were deployed while the government called on citizens to join the reserve forces.

On 21 July, prosecutor François Molins said that Lahouaiej-Bouhlel planned the attack for months and had help from accomplices.[11][12][13] By 1 August, six suspects had been taken into custody on charges of "criminal terrorist conspiracy", three of whom were also charged for complicity in murder in relation to a terrorist enterprise. On 16 December three further suspects, allegedly involved in the supply of illegal weapons to Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, were charged.[14][15][16] The attack has been classified as jihadist terrorism by Europol.[17]

Background

[edit]
Bastille Day celebrations on beach below Promenade des Anglais, 2014

On the morning before the attack, French President François Hollande said the national state of emergency, put in place after the November 2015 Paris attacks, would end after the 2016 Tour de France finished on 26 July 2016.[18] France had just finished hosting the Euro 2016 football tournament, during which the country had extensive security measures in place. Some matches were played in Nice, ending with the England–Iceland match on 27 June.[19]

On the evening of 14 July in Nice, the Bastille Day celebrations on the waterfront Promenade des Anglais, dubbed "Prom'Party" by the city of Nice,[20] drew crowds of 30,000 and included an aerial display by the French Air Force.[21]

The Promenade des Anglais had been closed to traffic and, as in preceding years, a long section had been converted into a pedestrian zone. The customary Bastille Day fireworks display took place between 22:00 and 22:20.[22][23][24][25]

Attack

[edit]
Timeline of attack

11 July:

14 July:

  • 21:34 – Lahouaiej-Bouhlel reported to have arrived on bicycle in Auriol quarter of Nice to collect parked truck.[29]
  • c. 22:00 – Lahouaiej-Bouhlel reported to have arrived in Magnan quarter of Nice.[23][30]
  • 22:27 – Lahouaiej-Bouhlel reported to have sent SMS message concerning firearms.[31][32][33]
  • c. 22:30 – Lahouaiej-Bouhlel turned truck eastward onto Promenade des Anglais near the Fondation Lenval Children's Hospital.[23][34][35][36]
  • 22:33 – Municipal police at Centre Universitaire Méditerranéen report truck.[37][38]
  • 22:35:47 – The truck came to a halt next to the Palais de la Méditerranée hotel.[39]
  • c. 22:35 – Lahouaiej-Bouhlel shot dead by police.[5][25][40]
All times are CEST (UTC+2).
Annotated map showing course of attack along the Promenade des Anglais
The white truck, a Renault Midlum,[41] in the distance[clarification needed] on the Promenade des Anglais on the morning after the attack
A pair of shoes lie on the ground in the rush shortly after the attack

On 14 July in Nice, at approximately 22:30, just after the end of the Bastille Day fireworks display, a white 19 tonne Renault Midlum cargo truck emerged from the Magnan quarter of Nice turning eastward on to the Promenade des Anglais, then closed to traffic, near the Fondation Lenval Children's Hospital.[34][40][42]

Travelling at close to 90 kilometres per hour (56 mph) and mounting the pavement as if out of control, it hit and killed numerous bystanders before passing the Centre Universitaire Méditerranéen, where it was first reported by municipal police.[38][43][44] 400 metres (1,300 ft) from the children's hospital, at the intersection with Boulevard Gambetta, the truck accelerated and mounted the kerb to force its way through police barriers—a police car, a crowd control barrier and lane separators[45]—marking the beginning of the pedestrianised zone.[46]

Having broken through the barrier, the truck, moving in a zigzag fashion, knocked down random members of the crowd milling about on the pavement and in the three traffic lanes on the seaward side of the Promenade.[25] The driver tried to keep the truck on the pavement—returning to the road only when blocked by a bus shelter or pavilion—thus increasing the number of deaths.[47] After reaching the Hotel Negresco, the speed of the truck, already travelling more slowly, was further slowed down by a passing cyclist, whose attempts to open the cabin door were abandoned after being threatened with a gun through the window.[48] This was followed by a motorcyclist, who threw his scooter under the front wheels of the truck at the intersection with rue Meyerbeer, mounted the truck's running board and struck the driver before being hit with the butt of the driver's gun, suffering moderate injuries as he fell off the truck.[49][50][51][52] The driver fired several shots at police from his 7.65 mm firearm, close to the Hotel Negresco,[53] as police arrived; they returned fire with their 9mm Sig Sauer handguns, gave chase to the vehicle and attempted to disable it.[43][54]

The truck travelled a further 200 metres (660 ft) until, in a badly damaged state, it came to halt[55] at 22:35 next to the Palais de la Méditerranée approximately five minutes after the start of the attack.[34][40] There, two national police officers shot and killed the driver.[5][25][40]

Immediate aftermath

[edit]

Multiple bullet holes were seen in the windscreen and cab of the truck.[40][55][56] The entire attack took place over a distance of 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi), between numbers 11 and 147 of the Promenade des Anglais, resulting in the deaths of 86 people and creating high levels of panic in the crowds.[57] Some were injured as a result of jumping onto the pebbled beach several metres below the Promenade.[58]

In addition to the firearm used during the attack, an ammunition magazine, a fake Beretta pistol, a dummy grenade, a replica Kalashnikov rifle, and a replica M16 rifle were found in the cabin of the truck. Also recovered were a mobile phone and personal documents, including an identity card, a driver's licence, and credit cards. There were several pallets and a bicycle in the rear of the truck.[59][60][61]

Perpetrator

[edit]
Main article: Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel
Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, on his residency permit

Personal life

[edit]

French police identified the perpetrator as Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, a 31-year-old man of Tunisian nationality,[62] born in Tunisia, with a French residency permit and living in Nice.[6] His parents live in Tunisia and had rarely heard from him since he moved to France in 2005.[63] His father said Lahouaiej-Bouhlel underwent psychiatric treatment before he moved to France.[64] He married a French-Tunisian cousin, living in Nice, with whom he had three children. According to his wife's lawyer, he was repeatedly reported for domestic violence and the couple separated.[65]

After this separation, Lahouaiej-Bouhlel had a wild sex life according to the prosecutor,[66] and had engaged in sexual relations with both men and women, according to an unnamed source.[67] He was known to French police for five prior criminal offences; notably for threatening behaviour, violence, and petty theft.[68] Neighbours reported that Lahouaiej-Bouhlel rarely spoke to them.[69]

François Molins, the prosecutor leading the inquiry into the possible involvement of organised Islamist terrorism, announced on 18 July that information gathered since the attack suggested that, except for a short period leading up to the attack, Lahouaiej-Bouhlel was "a young man completely uninvolved in religious issues and not a practising Muslim, who ate pork, drank alcohol, took drugs and had an unbridled sex life."[70]

Lahouaiej-Bouhlel sent small sums of money regularly to his family in Tunisia, according to his brother. Days before the attack, in a surprising move, Lahouaiej-Bouhlel persuaded some friends to smuggle bundles of cash worth 100,000 euros illegally to his family.[71]

Motives

[edit]

The investigation suggested that Lahouaiej-Bouhlel became radicalised shortly before the attack. Prosecutor Molins said that Lahouaiej-Bouhlel had a "clear, recent interest in the radical jihadist movement".[72] Newspapers reported, on the authority of investigators, that evidence found on Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's cellphone showed he may have been in contact[71][73] with individuals in his neighborhood who were known to the French intelligence agencies as Islamic radicals. An intelligence source cautioned that this "could just be a coincidence, given the neighbourhood where he lived. Everyone knows everyone there. He seems to have known people who knew Omar Diaby", a known local Islamist believed to be linked with Al-Nusra Front.[71]

Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's computer showed he had carried out Internet searches on the topics "terrible fatal accidents", "horrible fatal accidents", and "shocking video, not for sensitive people"[74][75] and consulted news articles on fatal accidents,[75] including on 1 January 2016 an article[75][76] or a photo[74][77] from a local newspaper about a car crash[76] with the caption: "He deliberately crashes onto the terrace of a restaurant".[74][75][76]

According to French authorities, friends of Lahouaiej-Bouhlel said he began attending a mosque in April 2016.[78] Prosecutor Molins said Lahouaiej-Bouhlel had expressed admiration for ISIL to one of the now-interrogated suspects.[74][79] A few months before the attack, Lahouaiej-Bouhlel had shown friends an ISIL beheading video on his phone,[80] and had said to one of the now-arrested suspects, "I'm used to seeing that".[74] Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's computer contained photos of ISIL fighters and ISIL beheadings,[74] of dead bodies, of Osama bin Laden, Algerian jihadist Mokhtar Belmokhtar, the Islamic State flag, a cover of Charlie Hebdo, and images linked to radical Islamism.[80]

In the weeks before the attack, Lahouaiej-Bouhlel consulted many websites with treatises on Quranic surahs, sites with Islamic religious chants, and sites of ISIL propaganda.[74] He also expressed extremist views, friends told the police.[78] An uncle of Lahouaiej-Bouhlel in Tunisia said that his nephew had been indoctrinated about ten days before the attack by an Algerian ISIL member in Nice.[81] Lahouaiej-Bouhlel grew a beard only eight days before the attack, which he told friends was for religious reasons.[75][80] An eyewitness interviewed by the newspaper Nice-Matin recounted hearing, from his balcony, "Allahu Akbar" being shouted three times during the attack;[82][83] similar claims were circulated on social media and in the press.[84][85][86] Officials have not confirmed the shouting of "Allahu Akbar", while the BBC reported that the rumours about it on social media were "fake".[85]

Preparations

[edit]

Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's mobile phone, found in the truck after he was shot by police, gave police information about his preparations.[87] On 12 and 13 July 2016, Bouhlel returned several times to the Promenade des Anglais, the site of the attack, surveying the area in the rented truck. On 12 July, he took some selfies on the Promenade, as Molins confirmed on 18 July.[74][88][89] Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's brother said he received images of Lahouaiej-Bouhlel laughing among the holiday crowds in Nice hours before the attack.[90]

Victims

[edit]

84 people were killed on the day and 434 injured,[91][7][92][93] 52 critically; 25 remained on life support the next day; two further people died from their injuries three weeks and just over a month after the attack.[2][3] On 17 July, 65 injured were still in hospital, 18 in critical condition.[94][95] Fourteen of the dead were children. The figure of 434 indicates the total number of people admitted into hospital with injuries due to the attack; some of whom were not admitted immediately. Of the 86 dead, 43 were French nationals and the remaining 43 were foreign nationals of eighteen countries.[96] A regional Islamic association claimed "more than one third" of the victims were Muslims.[97][98]

By 19 July, French authorities had formally identified the initial 84 victims, with detailed lists published by Agence France-Presse. Two days later, the Hôtel de Ville in Nice was draped with two long black banners recording the names of those victims.[96][99]

Investigation

[edit]
Hotel Negresco on the Promenade des Anglais was used for triage of the victims.[53]

Late on 14 July, the ministère public of Paris,[141] which has national responsibility for combating terrorism, opened an inquiry into "murder and attempted murder by an organised gang connected to a terrorist organisation" and "criminal terrorist conspiracy".[25][142] The investigations for the inquiry were assigned to the Central Directorate of the Judicial Police (DCPJ) and the General Directorate for Internal Security (DGSI).[25]

  • On 15 July, prosecutor François Molins of the ministère public in Paris[25] said that Lahouaiej-Bouhlel appeared to have not been known to French or Tunisian intelligence agencies to have ties to terror groups,[7][93][143] nor was he registered as a national security risk (fiche "S") with French authorities.[62]
  • On 17 July, Minister of the Interior Cazeneuve said he believed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel had been radicalised quickly, and Molins said Lahouaiej-Bouhlel had a "clear, recent interest in the radical jihadist movement".[72]
  • On 18 July, Molins said the attack could be described as "terrorism" as defined by French law.[75]
  • On 21 July, Molins announced that Lahouaiej-Bouhlel seemed to have planned the attack for several months and to have received assistance.[77]

Arrests

[edit]

Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's estranged wife was arrested on 15 July,[68][144] but was then released two days later.[145] Also, a man was arrested on 15 July.[68][144] On 16 July, three more men were arrested.[68][144] On 17 July, a man and a woman, both Albanians, were arrested in Nice following a police raid the previous day.[146][147]

On 25 July, two more men were arrested after photographs of them were found on Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's mobile phone.[148][149][150] One was released after five days,[151] while the other was charged with conspiracy in relation to a terrorist enterprise, just like five of the people arrested on 15–17 July.[77]

Alleged accomplices

[edit]

By 21 July, three men with Tunisian origins and an Albanian couple, all previously unknown to the French intelligence agencies, had been charged by the ministère public with "criminal conspiracy in relation to a terrorist enterprise".[77] The three men were also charged with complicity in murder in relation to a terrorist enterprise. A sixth male suspect was later charged with conspiracy in relation to a terrorist enterprise.

  • Ramzi A., a French-Tunisian born in Nice, aged 21.[77] He was suspected of having "participated in supplying the automatic pistol of the killer".[77][152] While under arrest, he disclosed the location of a Kalashnikov rifle. On the night of the attack, at 22:27, he received a text message from Lahouaiej-Bouhlel: "I wanted to tell you that the pistol you brought me yesterday was very good, so bring five more from your friend's place. They're for Chokri and his friends".[77][153] Molins, the French prosecutor, disclosed that Ramzi A. had a previous police record for petty crime and drugs.[154]
  • Mohamed Walid G., a French-Tunisian born in Tunisia, aged 40[77] or 41.[155] In January 2015, shortly after the attack on Charlie Hebdo, this suspect allegedly sent a text message to Lahouaiej-Bouhlel saying, "I am not Charlie ... I am happy, they have brought soldiers of Allah to finish the job."[b][156] Between July 2015 and July 2016, Bouhlel and this suspect contacted each other by telephone 1,278 times.[13] Photos on Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's telephone, dated 11 and 13 July, showed him with Bouhlel in the truck used for the attack.[77] Molins, the French prosecutor, said that the suspect filmed the scene of the attack on the Promenade des Anglais during the night of 14–15 July, when it was filled with emergency services and journalists, before taking a selfie.[157][158][13][77]
  • Chokri C., a Tunisian aged 37.[158] This suspect allegedly sent Lahouaiej-Bouhlel a Facebook message in April 2016, which read, "Load the truck with 2,000 tons of iron ... release the brakes my friend, and I will watch."[c][77] Fingerprints of this suspect were found on the passenger door of Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's truck,[156] and CCTV footage showed him seated next to Lahouaiej-Bouhlel as he drove the truck along the Promenade des Anglais on the evening of 12 July.[77]
  • Artan H., an Albanian, aged 38; and his Albanian-born wife Enkeledgia Z., aged 42, who had dual French-Albanian nationality.[77] This couple were suspected of "participat[ing] in supplying the automatic pistol of the killer",[77][152] and breaking the law on weapons in relation to a terrorist enterprise.[d][155][159][154]
  • Hamdi Z., a Tunisian, aged 36. He was arrested on 25 July and charged with conspiracy in relation to a terrorist enterprise.[e] He had been recorded on Lahouaiej-Bouhlel's mobile phone in a selfie with Lahouaiej-Bouhlel taken next to the truck.[151] He was transferred to Paris on 1 August for further questioning.[160][161]

Reactions

[edit]

French government

[edit]
French flag at half-mast in Tours on the day after the attack, which was followed by three days of national mourning
Memorial at the site of the attack
Tributes on the Promenade des Anglais

15 July

[edit]

French President François Hollande said that he had consulted Prime Minister Manuel Valls and Minister of the Interior Bernard Cazeneuve, and was returning to Paris from Avignon, expecting to arrive in the French capital at 01:15h to have an emergency Interior Ministry meeting regarding the attacks.[162]

At 00:59h, Cazeneuve initiated the ORSEC plan, the French emergency plan for disasters.[163]

At 03:47h, Hollande addressed the French nation in a televised broadcast from Paris.[7][8] He assessed that "the terrorist nature of this attack can't be denied"[8][164] and linked the attack to Islamic terrorism:[8] "all of France is being menaced by fundamentalist Islamic terrorism".[9] He announced a three-month extension of the state of emergency, previously due to end on 26 July,[7] announced an intensification of the French military attacks on ISIL in Syria and Iraq,[8] and announced that more security personnel would be deployed.[citation needed]

Prime Minister Manuel Valls later that day announced three days of national mourning on 16–18 July.[7]

Valls said in the France 2 television's evening news programme at 8:00 p.m. on 15 July, Lahouaiej-Bouhlel was "probably linked to radical Islam one way or another".[165][166][167] Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said, on the coinciding television news of TF1:[167] "We have an individual who was not known to intelligence services for activities linked to radical Islam", when asked whether he could confirm the attacker's motives were linked to jihadism he replied: "No".[7][167]

16–17 July

[edit]

On 16 July French Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said: "I remind you that Daesh's ideologue, Abu Muhammad al-Adnani, has for several weeks repeated calls to attack directly, even individually, Frenchmen, in particular, or Americans, wherever they are, by any means necessary ... It is murder, and Daesh's claim of responsibility comes later, as has happened in other recent events".[168]

Bernard Cazeneuve on 16 July, after ISIL had claimed the attacker as one of its soldiers, said: if Lahouaiej-Bouhlel was radicalised, "It seems that he was radicalised very quickly — in any case these are the elements that have come up from the testimony of the people around him."[169]

Cazeneuve on 16 or 17 July announced plans to increase security in response to the attack by calling 12,000 police reservists to add to the 120,000 person force. He urged "all patriotic citizens" to join the reserve forces to boost security following the attacks.[170]

18 July and later

[edit]

On 18 July, France observed a one-minute silence in remembrance of those killed in the attack. In Nice, as the Prime Minister arrived to observe the silence, the crowd booed him and some shouted for his resignation, with some calling him a murderer.[171][172] President Hollande was similarly booed by crowds when visiting Nice the day after the attack.[173] The booing was described by BBC as "unprecedented", who commented that it was "a stark warning of how the mood in the country has changed" in comparison to public responses after other recent major terrorist attacks in France.[172]

On 21 July, the state of emergency was formally extended until 31 January 2017.[174]

A week after the attack, the anti-terror directorate of the National Police (SDAT) requested that the local authorities in Nice destroy CCTV footage of the attack, arguing that leaked images would compromise the dignity of victims and could be used as propaganda by terrorist organizations. The request has been refused by local authorities who have argued that the CCTV footage might provide evidence that the National Police had placed inadequate security measures on the Promenade des Anglais on 14 July.[175][176]

On 26 July 2016, three Nice residents who had chased the truck during the attack were presented with medals for bravery by the local authorities in Nice.[50]

On 14 July 2017, president Macron said during a remembrance ceremony in Nice "This rage, I know, many of you still carry it in the pit of your stomach, ... Everything will be done in order for the republic, the state and public authorities to regain your trust.”[177]

French public ministry

[edit]

François Molins, prosecutor of the ministère public (le parquet) in Paris[25] – the authority ('public ministry') responsible for defending French society with regard to terrorism – stated on 15 July that the Nice attack bore the hallmarks of jihadist terrorism.[7] On 18 July, Molins said the attack could be described as "terrorism" as defined by French law.[75]

The Republicans

[edit]

On 15 July, Alain Juppé, former prime minister of France and one of the final two candidates[178] to become the Republican candidate for the April–May 2017 presidential election; and Christian Estrosi, former Nice mayor, raised the question of whether more could have been done to prevent the attack.[179]

In September 2016, François Fillon, the other Republican candidate in the French presidential election, published a book titled "Defeating Islamic Totalitarianism" (Vaincre le totalitarisme islamique), in which he advocated a stricter state surveillance on the Muslim community and more attention to the French identity.[180][181] He also wrote that France was "at war" with radical Islam.[180]

National Front

[edit]

Marine Le Pen, president of the National Front party and candidate for the April–May 2017 presidential election, said in a Le Figaro interview, "I'm furious, because I hear the same words, notice the same reflexes in the political class, but see no action that contributes one ounce of supplemental security".[f][182] She judged it "urgent to attack the ideology that is the basis of this terrorism" and regretted that "nothing" was decided for the closing down of the salafist mosques.[182]

International

[edit]
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov lay flowers near French embassy in Moscow, 15 July 2016

Leaderships of 49 countries and five supranational bodies expressed abhorrence of the attack and condolences for families and for France. US President Barack Obama labelled the attack as possible terrorism,[7][183][184] as did German Chancellor Angela Merkel.[185]

Claim of ISIL responsibility

[edit]

On 16 July, the Amaq News Agency, called Lahouaiej-Bouhlel "a soldier of the Islamic State." It cited an "insider source" which said Lahouaiej-Bouhlel "executed the operation in response to calls to target citizens of coalition nations, which fight the Islamic State".[186][187]

Later that same day, ISIL's official al-Bayan radio station said the attacker executed a "new, special operation using a truck" and "the crusader countries know that no matter how much they enforce their security measures and procedures, it will not stop the mujahideen from striking."[188][189]

Islamic and Christian responses

[edit]

The first Islamic funeral ceremony of victims of the attack took place on 19 July in the Ar-Rahma (The Mercifulness) mosque, the oldest in Nice and the largest in Alpes-Maritimes. Last honours of the Islamic community were rendered to a 23-year-old Tunisian woman, her 4-year-old child, and a young man. Rector and imam Otmane Aïssaoui said in his sermon, "The sole frontier for which one should halt is this: the respect for a man, for a woman, irrespective of their colour of skin, their origin. A truth one can find in the Gospel, in the Torah, even in Buddhism!" Citing a Quranic verse, he said, "At the Last Judgment, [Lahouaiej-Bouhlel] will be asked: 'why did you kill that little child of four years old?'"[190]

Also invited to speak was the priest of the nearby Catholic[191] church Saint-Pierre d'Ariane. Father Patrick Bruzzone said, "My brothers ... I say 'my brothers' because, today more than ever, when one man is hurt, the whole of humanity is hurt."[190]

On 21 July, a commemoration was held for "people of all religions and even beyond that" in Catholic church Saint-Pierre d'Arène, located near the area where the attack had taken place. The priest and the vicar called for "the calming down, necessary for taking at hand our common future in this torn city and in the whole country. To contemplate together, in order to solidly reconstruct the social ties that now are increasingly crumbled and largely ruined".[190]

On 24 September, Pope Francis met 800 family members of the victims of the attack in Rome.[192]

Social media

[edit]

Immediately after the attack, while it still remained unclear whether the threat had ended, people used social media, particularly Twitter, to help others find shelter, using the hashtag #PortesOuvertesNice (Open Doors Nice), a variation of a hashtag used in other recent attacks in France.[193]

On 14 and 15 July, the French government urged social media users to only share reliable information from official sources, while false rumours circulated that hostages had been taken, that the Eiffel Tower had been attacked and set on fire, and that Cannes had also been attacked.[85]

Impact

[edit]
Memorial in Nice in September 2016
Mémorial des victimes de l'attentat du Juillet 2016 (Ville de Nice)
Memorial sign outside Musée Masséna, Nice

Cultural

[edit]

Organisers of the 20th Nice Jazz Festival, scheduled to begin on 16 July, cancelled the event in the wake of the attack.[194] Rihanna cancelled a concert scheduled as a part of her Anti World Tour for 15 July at Nice's Allianz Riviera.[195] At London's Royal Albert Hall on 15 July, the opening night of the 2016 Proms Festival paid tribute to the people of Nice, with the BBC Symphony Orchestra performing a rendition of "La Marseillaise".[196] In December 2016, an American musician faSade, who witnessed the attack, published a music video of a song that paid tribute to the victims, featuring images of the attack's aftermath.[197]

In August, the European Cycling Union decided to move the 2016 European Road Championships, which were to be hosted on 14–18 September in Nice, to Plumelec in the northwest of France, due to security concerns in Nice after the 14 July attack.[198]

Financial markets

[edit]

European stocks opened lower and then closed mixed on Friday 15 July (the day after the attacks) as investor sentiment was dampened by the attack in France. The pan-European STOXX 600 was down by 0.38%, the French CAC 40 by 0.4%, and German DAX by 0.4%. The British FTSE 100 fell by 0.2% before closing up by 0.22%, down at 0.32% in STOXX 600, 0.6% in CAC 40, and 0.01% in DAX.[199] Airlines, along with other travel share, were some of the hardest hit companies, with Flybe and EasyJet down by around 3.7 per cent and three per cent respectively.[200]

Tourism

[edit]

Cancellations and last-minute changes to European holidays rose in the summer, with travellers increasingly concerned about the threat of terrorism. Other terrorist attacks in Belgium and Turkey prompted holidaymakers to cancel their bookings or seek out other destinations perceived to be safe. The Nice attack, along with the recent failed coup in Turkey, were expected to add to the pressure. "This is not going to be a good year," European Tour Operators Association chief executive Tom Jenkins said. "There is a real suppression of demand for destinations like Belgium and France."[201]

Tensions between Muslims and non-Muslims

[edit]

On the week after 14 July, some Nice inhabitants noticed and deplored increasing anti-Muslim and racist rhetoric in their quarters. Some non-Muslims said that their view on Muslims had changed. "We're in Europe and I think some of the oriental rites are somehow incompatible", a local man said.[202]

Before the attack, on 8 June, the carcass of a pig had been found in front of a mosque in Nice. Two suspected men were charged and the court's judgement was expected to be filed on 12 October. On the morning of 11 October, the imam of that same mosque found the head and pelt of a pig mounted before the mosque's entrance.[203]

Raids and house arrests under state of emergency

[edit]

As of August 2016, under the state of emergency put in force since November 2015 and extended after the Nice attack,[8][174] around 3,600 houses had been raided.[needs update] The raids resulted in six terrorism-related inquiries, only one of which led to prosecution. Most raids were reportedly connected with narcotics, not with terrorism, implying misuse of the new powers of emergency.[204] Previously, as of May 2016, under the emergency law, house arrest had been imposed on 404 people, mostly Muslims of North African descent. Many French citizens that were placed under house arrest allegedly lost jobs or employment opportunities as a result.[204] By mid-November 2016, some people had been under house arrest for nearly a year during which no judicial inquiry against them had been started.[205]

On 15 November, President Hollande announced his intention to prolong the state of emergency until the French presidential elections on 23 April and 7 May 2017.[205]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Eighty-four (84) of the victims died on the day of the attack, two others initially survived the attack, but the 85th victim died three weeks after the attack and the 86th victim died a month after it.[2][3]
  1. ^ Including: 2 dual Estonian-Russian citizens
  2. ^ Je ne suis pas Charlie ... Je suis content. Ils ont ramené les soldats d'Allah pour finir le travail, a reference to the phrase Je suis Charlie
  3. ^ Charge le camion, met dedans 2.000 tonnes de fer, et nique, coupe lui les freins mon ami, et moi je regarde.
  4. ^ "infractions à la législation sur les armes en relation avec une entreprise terroriste"
  5. ^ "association de malfaiteurs en relation avec une entreprise terroriste criminelle"
  6. ^ "Je suis très en colère, parce que j'entends les mêmes mots, constate les mêmes réflexes dans la classe politique, mais ne vois aucun acte apportant une once de sécurité supplémentaire."

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Breeden, Aurelien (15 July 2016). "News of the Attack in Nice, France". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016. In the truck's cabin, officials said, the police discovered an automatic 7.65 mm pistol, a cartridge clip, several used and unused 7.65 mm cartridges, as well as a fake automatic pistol, two fake assault rifles — a replica AK-47 and a replica M-16 — a grenade, a mobile phone and documents.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. ^ a b c "Death toll from France truck attack rises to 85". BNO News. 4 August 2016.
  3. ^ a b c "Nice truck attack claims 86th victim". Star Tribune. 19 August 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  4. ^ Rubin, Alissa J.; Breeden, Aurelien (15 July 2017). "France Remembers the Nice Attack:We Will Never Find the Words". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  5. ^ a b c "Attentat de Nice : ce que l'on sait du chauffeur, Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel". Nouvel Obs (in French). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  6. ^ a b "Attentat à Nice : le suspect a été formellement identifié" (in French). Europe1. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "France lorry attack: As it happened (all updates from start until 15 July, 21:54)". BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d e f (in French) ‘Attentat de Nice : les responsables politiques, entre émotion et colère’ [Attack of Nice: politicians between emotion and rage]. lemonde.fr, 15 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  9. ^ a b (in Dutch) 'Om te doden, te verpletteren en af te slachten' ['To kill, shatter, slaughter']. Speech President Hollande, early 15 July 2016. Nrc.nl, 15 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  10. ^ "Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control". European Commission. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  11. ^ "Nice attacker plotted for months with 'accomplices'". CNN. 21 July 2016.
  12. ^ "Nice attack: Prosecutor says suspect had accomplices". BBC. 21 July 2016. Archived from the original on 21 July 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  13. ^ a b c "Nice truck killer had support, accomplices for carefully planned attack". France24. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  14. ^ "Truck attack in Nice: Three more people charged with helping killer". Sky News. 17 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  15. ^ "Attentat de Nice: trois suspects présentés à la justice". Libération (in French). 16 December 2016. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  16. ^ "Attentat de Nice: trois suspects mis en examen et écroués". La Dépêche du Midi (in French). 18 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  17. ^ "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2017". EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (Te-Sat). Europol: 22–28. 2017. ISBN 978-92-95200-79-1.
  18. ^ "Hollande confirme la fin de l'état d'urgence après le Tour de France" [Hollande confirms the end of a state of emergency after the Tour de France] (in French). France 24. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  19. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique. "Euro 2016 fan zones in spotlight as France finalises huge security operation". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  20. ^ "Sécurité à Nice : les questions en suspens après l'attentat du 14 juillet". Le Monde (in French). 22 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  21. ^ "Fête nationale du 14 juillet". www.nice.fr (in French). Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  22. ^ Higgins, Andrew (14 July 2016). "In Nice, a Vibrant Celebration Gives Way to a Trail of Death". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  23. ^ a b c d "Nice attack: What we know of the Bastille Day killings". BBC. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  24. ^ Pierre Alonso (17 July 2016). "La sécurité autour du feu d'artifice de Nice était-elle suffisante ?". liberation.fr.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h "Ce que l'on sait de l'attentat commis à Nice" [What we know of the attack in Nice]. lemonde.fr (in French). 14 July 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  26. ^ "The mile-long site where a truck hit hundreds in Nice, France". The Washington Post. 16 July 2016. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  27. ^ "Nice Attack: What do we know?". UK Defence Journal. 15 July 2016.
  28. ^ "Un camión descatalogado convertido en arma letal". Diario Sur. 16 July 2016.
  29. ^ "Ce que l'on sait de l'auteur présumé de l'attentat [mis à jour]". Nice-Matin. 16 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  30. ^ "Le témoignage de cette femme qui aurait vu le camion fou dès 22 heures". Nice-Matin. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  31. ^ "Attentat de Nice: ces intrigants SMS que le tueur aurait envoyés avant de passer à l'acte". rtbf.be. 17 July 2016.
  32. ^ Kirschbaum, Erik (17 July 2016). "Perpetrator of Nice terror attack asked for 'more weapons' before rampage began, authorities say". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  33. ^ Seelow, Soren (22 July 2016). "Attaque de Nice: un projet " mûri depuis plusieurs mois " et plusieurs complices". Le Monde. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  34. ^ a b c "Exclusif : la chronologie de l'attentat du 14-Juillet établie par la policière de Nice". Marianne. 24 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  35. ^ "Timeline: The Bastille Day attack in Nice". Reuters. 17 July 2016.
  36. ^ "Tracing the Nice rampage: 'There was an awful panic, people were running everywhere'". National Post. 15 July 2016.
  37. ^ "French minister sues police officer over Nice Bastille Day claims". The Guardian. 24 July 2016.
  38. ^ a b "La policière responsable de la vidéosurveillance à Nice : "On m'a mise en ligne avec le ministère de l'Intérieur"". leJDD. 24 July 2016.
  39. ^ "Attentat de Nice : les faits plutôt que les polémiques". L'Obs. 26 July 2016.
  40. ^ a b c d e "Bastille Day attack: 'Hysterical crowds were running from death'". The Guardian. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  41. ^ "Attentat : le camion n'avait pas le droit de circuler dans Nice en raison d'un arrêté préfectoral et municipal". franceinfo.fr. 19 July 2016.
  42. ^ "Comment le camion a-t-il pu circuler sur la promenade des Anglais pourtant fermée à la circulation ?". francetvinfo.fr. 15 July 2016.
  43. ^ a b Grégoire Biseau; Sylvain Mouillard; Willy Le Devin; Ismaël Halissat (20 July 2016). "Sécurité à Nice. 370 mètres de questions". liberation.fr. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016.
  44. ^ Moore, Jack (18 July 2016). "Nice Attack: Final Moments of Muslim Grandmother Who Was First Victim". Newsweek. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  45. ^ Pierre Alonso (17 July 2016). "La sécurité autour du feu d'artifice de Nice était-elle suffisante ?". liberation.fr. Archived from the original on 20 July 2016.
  46. ^ "EN DIRECT Attentat de Nice: le camion a forcé le passage". challenges.fr. 16 July 2016.
  47. ^ Auffray, Alain; Vaulerin, Arnaud; Alonso, Pierre; Harounyan, Stéphanie; Bretton, Laure; Frénois, Mathilde; Quentel, Amélie (15 July 2016). "Nice, la nuit de l'apocalypse". liberation.fr.
  48. ^ "Ce Niçois raconte comment il a tenté d'ouvrir la porte du camion quand le terroriste l'a braqué". Nice-Matin. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  49. ^ "Le héros au scooter raconte: "J'étais prêt à mourir pour l'arrêter"". Nice-Matin (in French). 22 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  50. ^ a b "La ville de Nice a honoré Franck, Gwenaël et Alexandre, ses trois héros de l'attentat". Nice-Matin (in French). 26 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  51. ^ Mélanie Faure (16 July 2016). "Nice: le motard qui a poursuivi le poids lourd a-t-il également essayé de le désarmer ?". lci.tf1.fr. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016.
  52. ^ Willgress, Lydia; Samuel, Henry. "Hero motorcyclist attempted to stop Nice terror attacker". The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  53. ^ a b "Nice attack: Lorry driver confirmed as Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel". BBC News. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  54. ^ "Attentat de Nice: ce que l'on sait du chauffeur du camion". tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 15 July 2016.
  55. ^ a b Henderson, Barney; Sabur, Rozina (18 July 2016). "Nice terrorist attack on Bastille Day: everything we know so far on Monday". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  56. ^ "Nice attack: What we know about the Bastille Day killings". BBC News. 16 July 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  57. ^ "Attaque à Nice : au moins 77 morts, un suspect abattu". 14 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  58. ^ "A Nice des scènes d'horreur sur la promenade des Anglais". leprogres.fr. 16 July 2016.
  59. ^ "Nice attack: Lorry driver confirmed as Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel". BBC News. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  60. ^ Boyle, Danny; Morgan, Tom; Chazan, David; Turner, Camilla; Willgress, Lydia; Allen, Peter; Samuel, Henry; Rothwell, James; Millward, David (16 July 2016). "Nice terror attack: Truck driver who killed 84 named – the news as it unfolded on Friday, 15 July". The Telegraph. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  61. ^ "Nice attack: Who was the driver in the lorry attack?". AlJazeera. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  62. ^ a b "Attentat de Nice: ce que l'on sait du tueur du 14 juillet". Atlantico (in French). 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  63. ^ "Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel: who was the Bastille Day truck attacker?". The Guardian. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  64. ^ "Nice attack: Father of lorry killer speaks out as police make arrests". London Evening Standard. 16 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  65. ^ "Nice: les auditions des amants et maîtresses de Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel émergent". Huffington Post-Le Monde. AFP. 2 July 2008. Retrieved 21 July 2016.[permanent dead link]
  66. ^ "The Nice attacker's road to terror". France24. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  67. ^ Sellami, Stéphane (18 July 2016). "Attentat de Nice: le sidérant profil du terroriste". Le Parisien (in French). Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  68. ^ a b c d Payton, Matt (15 July 2016). "Nice terror attack: Police arrest killer Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel's wife". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  69. ^ Walt, Vivienne (16 July 2016). "Nice Attack: Was Truck Driver Really a Jihadist?". Time. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  70. ^ Marciano, Catherine; de Montvalon, Martin (18 July 2016). "Lahouaiej Bouhlel, dragueur impénitent et ultraviolent à l'intérêt récent pour le jihadisme". La Nouvelle République (in French). AFP. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016. Les témoignages recueillis par les enquêteurs depuis l'attentat commis jeudi soir sur la Promenade des Anglais permettent de brosser le portrait d'un jeune homme «très éloigné des considérations religieuses, ne pratiquant pas la religion musulmane, mangeant du porc, buvant de l'alcool, consommant de la drogue et ayant une vie sexuelle débridée», a détaillé lundi le procureur de la République de Paris, François Molins.
  71. ^ a b c Chazan, David; Morgan, Tom; Turner, Camilla (17 July 2016). "Bastille Day terrorist was radicalised within months and sent £84,000 to his Tunisian family days before attack". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  72. ^ a b "Nice attacker had 'clear' interest in radical Islam". The Local. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  73. ^ "Perpetrator of Nice terror attack asked for 'more weapons' before rampage began, authorities say". Los Angeles Times. 17 July 2016.
  74. ^ a b c d e f g h ""Un attentat prémédité influencé par l'islamisme radical" Attentat du 14-Juillet à Nice". La Depeche (in French). 19 July 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  75. ^ a b c d e f g "Nice attacker grew beard in week before truck rampage – prosecutor". The Guardian. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  76. ^ a b c 'Strategisch, nicht spontan'. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 22 July 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016
  77. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Attaque de Nice: un projet "mûri depuis plusieurs mois" avec des complices". Le Monde. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  78. ^ a b "Nice killer Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel 'only started going to mosque this April'". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  79. ^ Elena Berton; Kim Hjelmgaard (18 July 2016). "Paris prosecutor: Nice attacker searched online for Islamic State". USA Today. Retrieved 18 July 2016. Paris prosecutor François Molins said Monday that the truck driver who killed 84 people here last week had expressed support for the Islamic State
  80. ^ a b c "Attack on Nice: Who was Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel?". BBC News. 19 August 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  81. ^ "Uncle says France attacker was recruited by Algerian Islamic State member". Chicago Tribune. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  82. ^ "'On a entendu plusieurs fois Allah akbar', les témoins racontent après l'attentat de Nice". Nice-Matin (in French). 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  83. ^ Henderson, Barney; Graham, Chris; Gurney-Read, Josie (14 July 2016). "84 killed in Nice by lorry during Bastille Day celebrations – how the attack unfolded". The Telegraph. Retrieved 15 July 2016. 2:19 am 'Driver was 31-year-old from Nice'. The local newspaper, Nice-Matin, said the man driving the truck was a 31-year-old Nice resident of Tunisian origin. The truck driver was said to have shouted 'Allahu Akbar' – God is greatest – before being shot dead by police.
  84. ^ Wellman, Alex (15 July 2016). "Crazed terrorist 'shouted Allahu Akbar' as he mowed people down 'like skittles'". The Daily Mirror. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  85. ^ a b c Sini, Rozina (15 July 2016). "Nice lorry attack sparks false rumours on social media". BBC News. Retrieved 15 July 2016. This tweeter suggests he can hear Allahu Akbar in the seventh second of this video of the Nice attack", the BBC reported in reference to a tweet sent out shortly after the attack.
  86. ^ Napoléon [@tprincedelamour] (15 July 2016). "#Nice06 On entend clairement le terroriste qui conduit le camion crier "#Allah Akbar" à la 7ème seconde de la vidéo" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  87. ^ "Ce que les enquêteurs ont trouvé dans le portable de Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel" (in French). BFMTV. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  88. ^ "L'auteur de l'attentat de Nice avait effectué des repérages sur la Promenade des Anglais quelques jours avant l'attentat" (in French). Europe1. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  89. ^ "Nice attack: Driver 'researched route' earlier in week". BBC News. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  90. ^ "Exclusive: Brother of Nice attacker says he sent 'laughing' photo amid crowds". Reuters. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  91. ^ "Nice killer visited Italy's 'Little Calais' as he was radicalised over a year before July 14 massacre". The Telegraph. 14 October 2016.
  92. ^ "Attentat à Nice: au moins 84 personnes tuées". Paris Match (in French). Archived from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  93. ^ a b Rubin, Alissa J.; Blaise, Lilia; Nossiter, Adam; Breeden, Aurelien (15 July 2016). "France Says Truck Attacker Was Tunisia Native With Record of Petty Crime". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  94. ^ "Le bilan de l'attentat de Nice porté à 86 morts" [The results of the Nice attack increased to 86 dead]. Le Monde (in French). 19 August 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.[dead link]
  95. ^ "Nice attack: Who were the victims?". BBC News. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  96. ^ a b "Les 84 victimes de l'attentat de Nice identifiées, qui sont-elles?". Huffington Post-Le Monde. AFP. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016., List of the 84 victims
  97. ^ Rubin, Alissa J.; Blaise, Lilia (19 July 2016). "A Third of Nice Truck Attack's Dead Were Muslim, Group Says (Published 2016)". The New York Times.
  98. ^ "One of the first victims of the Nice terror attack was a Muslim". Independent.co.uk. 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022.
  99. ^ "Les noms des 84 victimes affichés sur la façade de la mairie". Nice-Matin. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016., The banners
  100. ^ "Attentat de Nice, qui sont les victimes?". Direct Matin (in French). Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  101. ^ Frequente, Salvatore; Montefiori, Stefano; Ottolina, Paolo; Montini, Beatrice (14 July 2016). "Attentato Nizza: camion sulla folla e spari, 84 morti. "10 bambini uccisi" È stato un nizzardo di origini tunisine". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  102. ^ "Strage di Nizza, la Farnesina conferma: sei italiani tra le vittime". la Repubblica (in Italian). 19 July 2016. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  103. ^ "Algeria: Nice Attack – Fifth Algerian Victim Identified, 4-Year-Old Boy Seriously Injured". allAfrica. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  104. ^ "At Least Three Moroccans Killed in Nice Attack". Morocco World News. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  105. ^ "Chetyre kazakhstanki pogibli". Nur.kz (in Russian). 18 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  106. ^ a b c "Nice Terror Attack Victims' Names And Nationalities Revealed After France Bastille Day Massacre". International Business Times. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  107. ^ "What We Know About The Victims of the Attack in Nice". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  108. ^ "Terror in Nice: Details of victims emerge". WUSA. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  109. ^ "Who were the victims of the Nice truck rampage?". The Local. France. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  110. ^ "Two Estonian nationals killed in Nice". ERR. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  111. ^ "Kaljurand infotunnis: Nice'is on haiglaravil kolm Eesti elanikku" [Kaljurand in briefing: Three residents of Estonia hospitalised in Nice]. Postimees (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  112. ^ a b "Venemaa konsul: Nice'i rünnakus sai kannatada kaks Eesti-Vene topeltkodakondsusega last" [Russian Consul: Two children with Estonian-Russian dual citizenship among the injured]. Postimees (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  113. ^ "Who are the victims of the Nice terror attack?". The Daily Telegraph. 15 July 2016.
  114. ^ "Французская полиция подтвердила гибель еще одной россиянки в Ницце". RIA Novosti. 19 July 2016.
  115. ^ a b c "Dozens killed during Bastille Day celebrations". BBC News. 15 July 2016.
  116. ^ a b "One Belgian among the victims in Nice". De Redactie. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  117. ^ Oliphant, Vickiie (18 July 2016). "Third American killed in Nice attack named as 20-year-old 'promising' university student". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  118. ^ "Dwie Polki wśród ofiar zamachu w Nicei. Znamy szczegóły". Onet.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  119. ^ "Copilul român rănit în atacul de la Nisa, găsit într-un spital. Părinţii lui sunt încă dispăruţi". Realitatea TV (in Romanian). 16 July 2016.
  120. ^ Andrei Luca Popescu (19 July 2016). "Românul dispărut în atacul de la Nisa, găsit mort". Gândul.
  121. ^ "Attentat à Nice – Deux Malgaches tués, quatre autres blessés". L'Express de Madagascar (in French). 16 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  122. ^ Müzell, Lúcia (15 July 2016). "Pelo menos dois brasileiros ficaram feridos em atentado em Nice" [At least two Brazilians injured in Nice attack] (in Portuguese). RFI Brasil. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  123. ^ "Brasileiro é atingido na perna e ficará um mês sem andar, diz mãe" [Brazilian had a leg injury and will stay one month on wheelchair, says mother]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  124. ^ "Corpo de brasileira desaparecida em Nice é encontrado" [Body of Brazilian missing in Nice is found]. O Globo. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  125. ^ Кількість постраждалих українців у теракті в Ніцці збільшилась [The number of victims of the terrorist attack Ukrainian increased in Nice]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 15 July 2016.
  126. ^ "MacEwan confirms student among those killed in Nice attack". CTV Edmonton. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  127. ^ "The Latest: French author decries attack". WFIE. 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  128. ^ Lovett, Ian (18 July 2016). "American Student, Nicolas Leslie, Died in Attack in Nice, France". The New York Times.
  129. ^ "Attaque de Nice: le point sur l'identité des victimes". Est Republicain (in French). Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  130. ^ "Nice attack: Julie Bishop confirms three Australians injured in 'horrific' terrorist assault". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  131. ^ Jones, Lloyd (16 July 2016). "Australia lucky again in Nice: ambassador". News Corp Australia. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  132. ^ "Uma família de três portugueses escapou por pouco ao ataque de Nice" [A family of three Portuguese barely escaped Nice attack]. Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  133. ^ "Derde Nederlandse gewonde na aanslag Nice". Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (in Dutch). 16 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  134. ^ "Two Chinese injured in Nice attack". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  135. ^ "Žádní Češi nezemřeli při útoku v Nice. Jedna Češka je zraněná" (in Czech). Zpravy.tiscali.cz. Archived from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  136. ^ "A külügyminisztérium egy magyar sérültről tud Nizzában". Origo.hu (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  137. ^ "Nice: 'Serious concerns' over Irishman caught up in attack". BBC News. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  138. ^ "Malaysian student injured in Nice attack". The Star. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  139. ^ Staff (15 July 2016). "One Singaporean injured in Nice after attack: MFA". Today. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  140. ^ "Nice attack: At least one UK national injured". BBC. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  141. ^ nearest English equivalent: director of public prosecutions
  142. ^ "France Reveals Details on Attacker in Nice". The Wall Street Journal. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  143. ^ "Here's What We Know About The Suspect in the Nice Attack". BuzzFeed. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  144. ^ a b c "Police make arrests over deadly truck attack in Nice". Deutsche-Welle. 16 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  145. ^ "Ex-wife of Nice attacker released from police custody". ITV News. 17 July 2016.
  146. ^ "Nice attack: Two more arrested by French police". BBC News. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  147. ^ "Two More Detained in France Attack Probe". The Wall Street Journal. 17 July 2016.
  148. ^ "Two more arrested in Nice in connection with Bastille Day attack". France24. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  149. ^ "Deux nouvelles interpellations dans l'enquête sur l'attentat de Nice". Le Figaro. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  150. ^ "Attentat de Nice: deux hommes placés en garde à vue". Nice-Matin. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  151. ^ a b "Attentat de Nice: une sixième personne mise en examen". Le Monde (in French). 1 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  152. ^ a b "Attentat-Nice Un acte prémédité et des complices (Vidéos)". VSD. 21 July 2016. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  153. ^ Je voulais te dire que le pistolet que tu m'as ramené hier, c'était très bien, alors on ramène 5 de chez ton copain. C'est pour Chokri et ses amis.
  154. ^ a b "Attentat de Nice: ce que l'on sait des cinq suspects mis en examen". France24 (in French). 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  155. ^ a b "Nice attacker 'plotted for months and had accomplices'". The Guardian. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  156. ^ a b "Attentat de Nice: le tueur "a bénéficié de soutiens et de complicités"". Le Figaro. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  157. ^ "Nice attacker 'had planned truck rampage for nearly a year'". The Telegraph. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  158. ^ a b "François Molins révèle plusieurs avancées notables sur les complices et la longue préméditation de Mohamed Lahouaiej Boulhel dans l'attentat de Nice". Huffington Post. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  159. ^ "Nice truck attack: Five suspected accomplices charged". BBC News. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  160. ^ "Un suspect de l'attentat de Nice présenté ce lundi à un juge". Nice-Matin (in French). 1 August 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  161. ^ "Attentat de Nice : une personne va être transférée à Paris, une autre relâchée". Le Parisien (in French). 30 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  162. ^ "Nice: Hollande rentre d'Avignon et se rend directement à la cellule de crise place Beauvau" [Nice: Hollande returns from Avignon and goes directly to the Crisis Centre, at Place Beauvau] (in French). France 3. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  163. ^ "Le plan Orsec 'nombreuses victimes' déclenché, annonce le ministère de l'Intérieur" [the Orsec plan for incidents with 'numerous victims' put into force, announces the Minister of the Interior]. L'Obs (in French). 14 July 2016. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  164. ^ "France's Hollande says Nice attack undeniably of 'terrorist nature'". Reuters. 15 July 2016.
  165. ^ "France's Valls says Nice attacker linked 'one way or another' to radical Islam". Reuters. 15 July 2016. He is a terrorist probably/undoubtedly linked to radical Islam one way or another
  166. ^ (in French) "Manuel Valls: le terroriste est 'sans doute lié à l’islamisme radical'" ['Manuel Valls: the terrorist is "probably linked to radical Islam"], le figaro.fr, 15 July 2016; retrieved 7 August 2016.
  167. ^ a b c (in Dutch) ‘Was de dader jihadist, gestoord of allebei?’ ['Was the perpetrator jihadist, mentally disordered, or both?'], NRC Handelsblad, 18 July 2016; retrieved 19 July 2016.
  168. ^ "ISIS Claims Truck Attacker in France Was Its 'Soldier'". The New York Times. 16 July 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  169. ^ "Any radicalisation of Nice attacker must have been quick-interior minister". Reuters. 16 July 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.[permanent dead link]
  170. ^ "Nice attack: France calls up 12,000 reservists". BBC. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  171. ^ "France observes minute of silence in honour of Nice attack victims". France 24. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  172. ^ a b "Attack on Nice: Why the French PM was booed". BBC. 18 July 2016.
  173. ^ "François Hollande faces political backlash after Nice attack". The Guardian. 15 July 2016.
  174. ^ a b "Huit jours après Nice, Hollande muscle la riposte contre l'EI". Libération (in French). 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  175. ^ "Nice attack: City refuses police call to delete CCTV images". BBC News. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  176. ^ "Nice officials reject request to delete truck attack surveillance footage". The Guardian. Associated Press. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  177. ^ Rubin, Alissa J; Breeden, Aurelien (14 July 2017). "France Remembers the Nice Attack: 'We Will Never Find the Words'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  178. ^ NRC Handelsblad, 21 November 2016.
  179. ^ Dan Stewart (15 July 2016). "French Politicians Say Nice Attack Might Have Been Avoided". Time. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  180. ^ a b "François Fillon, Thatcherite with a thing for Russia". Politico. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  181. ^ NRC Handelsblad, 28 November 2016.
  182. ^ a b "La droite à l'offensive contre l'exécutif" [Right-wing on the offensive against the President]. Le Figaro. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  183. ^ 'Statement by President Obama on the Attack in Nice, France'. twitter.com/WhiteHouse, 14 July 2016 16:55 (Californian time). Retrieved 29 August 2016. (Archived 22 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.)
  184. ^ "Statement by the President on the Attack in Nice, France". White House. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  185. ^ "Merkel condemns attack in Nice, says will win 'fight against terrorism'". Reuters. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  186. ^ Williams, Richard A. L. (16 July 2016). "Nice terror attack: Isis claims responsibility for lorry massacre in French coastal city". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  187. ^ "En direct: l'EI revendique l'attentat de Nice via son agence Amaq" (in French). France 24. 16 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  188. ^ "Attacker in Nice is said to have radicalized 'very rapidly'". The Washington Post. 16 July 2016.
  189. ^ "Isis claims responsibility for Nice attack". The Local/AFP. 16 July 2016.
  190. ^ a b c 'Attentat de Nice: le temps des obsèques' ['Attack of Nice: time for the funerals'], Le Monde, 21 July 2016; retrieved 9 August 2016.(in French)
  191. ^ (in French) homepage Paroisse Saint-Pierre de l'Ariane Archived 20 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine (Parish of Saint Peter in Ariane, Nice); retrieved 10 August 2016.
  192. ^ "Pope meets Nice victims' families". The Catholic Herald. 30 September 2016. p. 12.
  193. ^ Mezzofiore, Gianluca (15 July 2016). "#PortesOuvertesNice offers accommodation for survivors of Nice attack". Mashable. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  194. ^ "Jazz Articles: 2016 Nice Jazz Festival Cancelled". Jazz Times. 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  195. ^ "Nice attack: Rihanna cancels concert as entertainment figures mourn". BBC News. BBC. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  196. ^ "BBC Proms: First Night opens with tribute to Nice victims". BBC News. BBC. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  197. ^ "Un artiste américain dédie une chanson et un clip aux victimes de l'attentat de Nice". Nice-Matin (in French). 29 December 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  198. ^ "European Championships to be moved from Nice due to security concerns". Cyclingnews.com. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  199. ^ "European Equity Benchmarks Close Mixed, Travel Stocks Hit by Terror Attack in France; Inflation Edges Up". Nasdaq. 15 July 2016.
  200. ^ "Travel share prices plunge after Nice terror attack". Express. 15 July 2016.
  201. ^ "Terror attacks hit European summer travel". Gulf News. 21 July 2016.
  202. ^ "Nice: la parole raciste se libère apres l'attentat" [Nice: racist speech liberates itself after the attack]. France Info (in French). 21 July 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  203. ^ "Nice: une tête de sanglier de nouveau déposée devant la mosquée En-Nour" [Nice: again a pig's head deposited in front of mosque En-Nour]. France Info. 11 October 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  204. ^ a b Kassem, Ramzi (4 August 2016). "France's real state of emergency". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  205. ^ a b "Jean-Marc Sauvé: 'L'état d'urgence ne peut être renouvelé indéfiniment'" [Jean-Marc Sauvé: 'The state of emergency cannot be renewed infinitely']. Le Monde. 18 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Nice_truck_attack&oldid=1253954621"