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Not to be confused with Dondang Sayang.
"Rasa Sayange"
Song by Indonesian
LanguageAmbonese Malay
English titleFeel Love
Publishedc. 1922[1]
Genre
Songwriter(s)Indonesian
Producer(s)Paulus Pea
Rasa Sayange in Ambonese Malay language and intonation
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Modern Version of Rasa Sayange
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"Rasa Sayange" (pronounced [ˈrasa 'sajaŋe], literally "loving feeling") or "Rasa Sayang" is a Ambonese Malay folk song from the Maluku Islands,[1] originated from Indonesia,[2][3][4][5] created by a Mollucan singer-songwriter Paulus Pea in 1922.[1][6][7][8]

Portuguese colonization in Mollucas brought cultural appropriation and influence to another Portuguese Colony area, including Mallaca were once part of the Portuguese Empire.[6][9] The basis of "Rasa Sayange" is imitated by Dondang Sayang an inspired Portuguese-Malay folk songs, which take their form from the pantun, a traditional ethnic Malay poetic form, which popular in Malaysia and Singapore.[10]

This song caused a long controversy,[11] but it ended with the song recognized as Indonesian folk song in 2023 by the very own Prime Minister of Malaysia Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim in a speech in 43rd ASEAN Summit held in Indonesia, he said that fellow Malaysian acknowledged that the song’s origins lie in Indonesia’s Maluku Islands, ending the countries feud.[12][13] Anwar also urged Malaysians not to be too emotional, stop self proclaiming, educated themself more with correct information and instead Malaysia-Indonesia must focus on humanity, love for each other just like the song means.[14][15][16] Since this is not the first time Malaysia claiming Indonesian song, as happen to Halo, Halo Bandung.[17]

Lyrics and meaning

Ambonese Malay lyrics[18][19] English translation Poetic English Translation

Rasa sayange!
Rasa sayang sayange!
Hey, lihat nona jauh,
Rasa sayang sayange!

Buah cempedak di luar pagar,
Ambil galah tolong jolokkan;
Kami budak baru belajar,
Kalau salah tolong tunjukkan.

Pulau pandan jauh ke tengah,
Gunung daik bercabang tiga;
Hancur badan di kandung tanah,
Budi yang baik dikenang juga.

Dua tiga kucing berlari,
Mana sama si kucing belang;
Dua tiga boleh ku cari,
Mana sama adik seorang.

Pisang emas dibawa berlayar,
Masak sebiji di atas peti;
Hutang emas boleh dibayar,
Hutang budi dibawa mati.

I've got that loving feeling!
I've got that loving feeling!
See that girl in the distance,
I've got that loving feeling!

The cempedak fruit is outside the fence,
Take a pole and poke it down;
I'm just a child trying to learn,
So if I'm wrong then please tell me.

Pandan Island far in midst,
With the three peaked Mount Daik;
While the body decomposes in earth,
Good deeds remain to be remembered.

Two or three cats are running around,
With the striped one which can vie;
Two or three I can find,
Which girl can compare with you.

Pisang emas brought on a sailing trip,
One ripens on a box;
If gold is owed, it can be repaid,
But if it is gratitude, it is carried to the grave.

I've got that loving feeling!
I've got that loving feeling!
See that girl in the distance,
I've got that loving feeling!

Where cempedak tree grows without the fence,
Go prod them gently with a stake;
A youthful learner I, so hence,
Be please to point out each mistake.

The Pandan Island is far from land,
Have three peaks does the Daik Mountain;
Though the self has rot in the sand,
The good deeds are never forgotten.

Two or three cats are running around,
The cat with stripes is the one superior;
Two or three (gals) can be easily found,
But not the same as having you, my dear.

With golden plantains sail away,
Whilst on a chest lies one that's ripe;
The debts of gold we can repay,
But debts of kindness last through life.

Because this song is in pantun form, for each quatrain, there is no relevance of the first two lines to the message conveyed by the last two except to provide the rhyming scheme. This song also mentions two places in Indonesia, Pandan Island locally known as Pulau Pandan in West Sumatra and three peaked Mount Daik in Lingga Island, Riau Islands province of Indonesia.

Rasa sayange!
Rasa sayang-sayange,
Lihat nona dari jauh,
Rasa sayang-sayange

The refrain is then followed by a wide variety of popular North Maluku Ambonese Malay-pantun.

Mollucan version

Rasa sayang hey
Rasa sayang sayang hey
Hey lihat nona jauh,
Rasa sayang sayang

Kalau ada sumur di ladang
Boleh kita menumpang mandi
Kalau ada umur yang panjang
Boleh kita bertemu lagi

Early recordings and uses

In 1920's, The song was used in a number of films but the earliest recorded on 1922 in Indonesia,[1] created by Moluccan singer-songwriter Paulus Pea.[20][21][22] This song was also used earlier in a promotional film made about the Dutch East Indies now (Indonesia).[23] This film, titled Insulinde zooals het leeft en werkt (transl. Insulindia as It Lives and Works), used silent footage filmed in the Dutch East Indies in the 1920s by Willy Mullens but with sound added later, was released perhaps in 1941.[24] The tune of "Rasa Sayang" can be heard in the film.[25] The original footage of this film is stored in the Gedung Arsip Nasional, Jakarta and other museums.[26] A further film also existed under the title Insulinde (1925) which was directed by Max Hauschild, but it is described as a silent film.[23][27]

In 1950 and 1954, "Rasa Sayange" was used in the soundtracks of Indonesian films Lewat Djam Malam and Darah dan Doa directed by Usmar Ismail.[28]

In 1959, a comedy film in Malay language titled Rasa Sayang Eh was produced by Cathay Keris in Singapore.[29] The song also appeared in the 1943 Japanese film Marai no Tora, which depicted the exploits of a Japanese secret agent Tani Yutaka in Malaya during the World War II.[30]

Indonesian media reported on November 11, 2007 that an early recording of the song has been found.[31] "Rasa Sayange" is known to have been recorded in 1962 by the Lokananta Solo record company.[32] It was one of the Indonesian folk songs included in an LP distributed as souvenir to participants of the 4th Asian Games in 1962 held in Jakarta, along with other Indonesian ethnic songs such as Cheers for Joy, O Ina ni Keke, and Sengko Dainang.[33][31]

In 1970, the song recorded in Chinese but retains "Rasa Sayange" (traditional Chinese: 拉薩薩喲; simplified Chinese: 拉萨萨哟; pinyin: Lāsà Sàyō) by Taiwanese singer Teresa Teng.

In 1961, Nugroho Notosusanto an Indonesian author and former Minister of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia created a novel series named "Rasa Sayange", publisher by Pustaka Jaya (Pembanguan Jakarta) in Indonesia[34] and re-published in english by University of Michigan.[35]


Controversy

Controversy over the song's provenance came to a head in 2007 when the Malaysian Tourism Board released the Rasa Sayang Commercial, an advertisement used as part of Malaysia's "Truly Asia" tourism campaign.[36] Some Indonesians have accused Malaysia of heritage theft. Indonesians argued that it is a song of the Maluku Islands, and that it has appeared in early Indonesian films and recordings.[26] Around a thousand Indonesians demonstrated outside the Malaysian embassy in Jakarta in November 2007 to protest the use of "Rasa Sayang" and other cultural items such as Reog Ponorogo in such adverts.[37] In order to prevent what they considered cultural appropriation, the Indonesian government started making an inventory of such songs as cultural properties of the country.[26]

Malaysia in turn argued that the song is widely sung through out the Malay archipelago, and that it belongs to people of archipelago, Malaysians and Indonesians alike.[38] In cases where people have been migrating, trading and intermingling for centuries in a region, it may be difficult to make claim of cultural property.[39] Malaysian Tourism Minister Adnan Mansor stated, "It is a folk song from the Nusantara (Malay archipelago) and we are part of the Nusantara.".[36] The Malaysian Minister of Culture, Arts and Heritage, Rais Yatim, recognize that Rasa Sayange is a shared property, between Indonesia and Malaysia,[40] but denied by Indonesian government as Indonesia is the only one who owned the song back in 1920's.[1]

On 6 December 2008, Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim talks as one of the public lecture in a forum themed "Can Asia Survive from Global Economic Crisis: A Challenge Towards Asian Renaissance" given at the Japanese Studies Center Auditorium, University of Indonesia in Depok campus, on the speech section he mentioned that "the Rasa Sayange song, which is claimed to belong to Malaysia by the Malaysian Government (Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture) is totally wrong and unbased on the history, The Malaysian nationalistic form is going too far, and this kind of thing has to stop. As a result of this feud, good relations between Indonesia and Malaysia had deteriorated." he said,[41] and he publicly apologized to all Indonesian people for the mistakes that Malaysia had made.[42][43]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Mensesneg: Lagu "Rasa Sayange" Sudah Ada Sejak 1922". Ministry of the State Secretariat of The Republic of Indonesia. 5 October 2007. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
  2. ^ Daily Report Online United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1981). Daily Report: Asia & Pacific · Issues 31-39. Daily Report Online. pp. 4.
  3. ^ Brakel, L.F.; Balfas, M.; Bin Osman, M. Taib; Gonda, J.; Rangkuti, B.; Lumbera, B.; Kahler, H. (1976). Handbuch der Orientalistik: Literaturen, Abschn. 1. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. p. 135. ISBN 90-04-04331-4.
  4. ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee & Kathleen M. Nadeau (2010). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. pp. 784. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
  5. ^ Rosihan Anwar (2004). Sejarah kecil "petite histoire" Indonesia Volume 3. Kompas Gramedia Group. pp. 309. ISBN 9789797094294.
  6. ^ a b "Malaysia, Indonesia Both Facing Malay Malaise". Malaysia Today. 8 January 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
  7. ^ Dhiana Puspitawati; Hikmahanto Juwana; Jeffrey Thomas & Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli (2019). Culture and International Law: Proceedings of the International Conference of the Centre for International Law Studies (CILS 2018), October 2-3, 2018, Malang, Indonesia. CRC Press. pp. 93. ISBN 9780429759765.
  8. ^ Jennifer Lindsay (2012). Heirs to World Culture: Being Indonesian, 1950-1965. Brill Publishers. pp. 211. ISBN 9789004253513.
  9. ^ Iwabuchi, Koichi; Muecke, Stephen; Thomas, Mandy, eds. (2004). Rogue Flows: Trans-Asian Cultural Traffic. University of Washington Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-962-209-699-8.
  10. ^ Lim, Shirley Geok-lin; Smith, Larry E.; Dissanayake, Wimal, eds. (1999). Transnational Asia Pacific: Gender, Culture, and the Public Sphere. University of Illinois Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-252-06809-6.
  11. ^ "The Song Rasa Sayange Becomes The Favorite Of The Singing Contest Participants Of 17 Chinese Students". Voice of Indonesia. 7 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  12. ^ Arrijal Rachman (9 September 2023). "PM Malaysia: Lagu Rasa Sayange Semua Tahu Asalnya Indonesia". CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  13. ^ Benedikta Miranti T.V (8 September 2023). "Anwar Ibrahim Soal Malaysia Klaim Lagu Rasa Sayange: Google Saja Tahu Asalnya Indonesia". Liputan 6. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  14. ^ "PM Anwar soal Rasa Sayange Diklaim Malaysia: Google Saja Tahu Sejarah". CNN Indonesia. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  15. ^ "VIDEO: PM Malaysia Lagu 'Rasa Sayange' Milik Indonesia". CNN Indonesia. 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  16. ^ Rittika Choudhury (8 September 2023). "Filipino Students Perform Rasa Sayang Beautifully Malaysians and Indonesians Argue Over Song's Roots". The Sun (Malaysia). Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  17. ^ "Viral Song In Malaysian Animated Video Change 'Hello-halo Bandung' To 'Hello Kuala Lumpur,' Ministry Of Foreign Affairs: No Need To Be Reactive". Voice of Indonesia. 14 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  18. ^ "The Rasa Sayang Song". Rasa Sayang USA. Archived from the original on 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  19. ^ "Koleksi Lirik Lagu Rakyat". Imnogman. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
  20. ^ Dr. Laina Rafianti,S.H.,M.H. (2022). PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DAN PEMANFAATAN HAK EKONOMI EKSPRESI BUDAYA TRADISIONAL OLEH PELAKU SENI PERTUNJUKAN. Kompas Gramedia Group. pp. 143. ISBN 9789797094294.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Bambang Tri Hadmojo (24 October 2007). "Pemerintah Diminta Segera Sampaikan Bukti Lagu "Rasa Sayange"". Antara (news agency). Retrieved 24 October 2007.
  22. ^ "Paulus Pea Diyakini Pencipta Lagu Rasa Sayange". Detik News. 4 October 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
  23. ^ a b "Tahu Nggak? Lagu "Rasa Sayange" Dimuat Dalam Silent Movie Insulinde". pojokseni.com. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  24. ^ Insulinde zoals het leeft en werkt. Eye Filmmuseum. Event occurs at 05:00–05:40 – via YouTube.
  25. ^ Rasa sayang sayange dalam film Belanda.
  26. ^ a b c "Malaysia Merebut Kekayaan Indonesia". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  27. ^ "Insulinde (1925) - IMDb". IMDb. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  28. ^ Sofian Purnama (1 July 2011). "USMAR ISMAIL DAN TIGA FILM TENTANG REVOLUSI INDONESIA (1950 – 1954)" (PDF). University of Indonesia. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  29. ^ Rasa Sayang Eh, Singapore Film Locations Archive, 7 February 2015, retrieved 2020-07-11
  30. ^ "Tiger of Malaya": The Body Remembers What the Archive Cannot, Asian Arts Media Roundtable, 27 September 2018, retrieved 2020-07-11
  31. ^ a b "Ditemukan Bukti Lagu "Rasa Sayange" Asli Indonesia". Tempo.co (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-07-08.
  32. ^ Philip Yampolsky (1987). Lokananta: A Discography of the National Recording Company of Indonesia, 1957-1985. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin. pp. 433.
  33. ^ "Pemusik Maluku Bahas Lagu Rasa Sayange dengan Gubenur". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-05-20.
  34. ^ "Rasa sayange - Nugroho Notosusanto (Pembanguan Jakarta, 1961)". University of Indonesia. 20 November 1961.
  35. ^ "Nugroho Notosusanto". Minister of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia. 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  36. ^ a b "Folk song sparks row between Indonesia, Malaysia." Tourism Indonesia. 3 October 2007.
  37. ^ Ying Chan Ho (2018). Special Relationship in the Malay World. ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute. p. 357. ISBN 9789814818179 – via Google Books.
  38. ^ "'Rasa Sayang' belongs to everybody, says minister". The Star. 12 January 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
  39. ^ Gillespie, John; Peerenboom, Randall (2009). Regulation in Asia: Pushing Back on Globalization. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781135249144 – via Google Books.
  40. ^ "Malaysia Akhirnya Akui Rasa Sayange Milik Bersama". antaranews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  41. ^ Arip Budiman (6 December 2008). "Anwar Ibrahim mengakui Lagu Rasa Sayang-Sayange asli Indonesia". Kabari Magazine. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
  42. ^ Eunike Vivi Twenty (5 December 2008). "Anwar Ibrahim Akui Rasa Sayange Bukan Milik Malaysia". Detik News. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
  43. ^ Eunike Vivi Twenty (5 December 2008). "Rasa Sayang-Sayange Bukan Lagu Malaysia". Kompas. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
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