Jump to content

Persicaria maculosa: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
switch taxobox to speciesbox
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Speciesbox
{{Italic title}}
⚫
| image = PolygonumPersicara-plant-sm.jpg
{{taxobox
⚫
| genus = Persicaria
⚫
| image = PolygonumPersicara-plant-sm.jpg
⚫
| species = maculosa
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
| authority = [[Samuel Frederick Gray|S.F.Gray]] 1821
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50002191 Tropicos, ''Persicaria maculosa'' Gray ]</ref>
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
| unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
| ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
| familia = [[Polygonaceae]]
⚫
| genus = ''[[Persicaria]]''
⚫
| species = '''''P. maculosa'''''
| binomial = ''Persicaria maculosa''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Samuel Frederick Gray|S.F.Gray]] 1821
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50002191 Tropicos, ''Persicaria maculosa'' Gray ]</ref>
⚫
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=<small>Synonymy</small>
|title=<small>Synonymy</small>
|''Polygonum persicaria'' <small>[[carl Linnaeus|L]]. 1753</small>
|''Polygonum persicaria'' <small>[[carl Linnaeus|L]]. 1753</small>
Line 37: Line 29:
|''Polygonum serotinum'' <small>Ten.</small>
|''Polygonum serotinum'' <small>Ten.</small>
}}}}
}}}}

'''''Persicaria maculosa''''' (syn. ''Polygonum persicaria'') is an [[annual plant]] in the [[Polygonaceae|buckwheat family]], [[Polygonaceae]]. Common names include '''lady's thumb''',<ref>{{ITIS| id = 20915 | taxon = ''Polygonum persicaria''| accessdate = 15 October 2007}}</ref> '''spotted lady's thumb''', '''Jesusplant''', and '''redshank'''.<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2016-08-16 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate = 2017-12-18}}</ref> It is widespread across Eurasia from Iceland south to Portugal and east to Japan.<ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=persicaria+maculosa Altervista Flora Italiana, ''Persicaria maculosa'' Gray] includes photos and European distribution map</ref><ref name=jing>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220010832 Flora of China, ''Polygonum persicaria'' Linnaeus, 1753. <big>蓼</big> liao ]</ref> It is also present as an [[introduced species|introduced]] and [[invasive species]] in North America, where it was first noted in the [[Great Lakes]] region in 1843 and has now spread through most of the continent.<ref>{{cite web |title= List of invasive species in the Great Lakes Great Lakes United / Union Saint-Laurent Grands Lacs |url= http://www.glu.org/en/node/199 |accessdate= 2009-02-07 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090429205753/http://www.glu.org/en/node/199 |archivedate= 2009-04-29 |df= }}</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Persicaria%20maculosa.png Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map]</ref>
'''''Persicaria maculosa''''' (syn. ''Polygonum persicaria'') is an [[annual plant]] in the [[Polygonaceae|buckwheat family]], [[Polygonaceae]]. Common names include '''lady's thumb''',<ref>{{ITIS| id = 20915 | taxon = ''Polygonum persicaria''| accessdate = 15 October 2007}}</ref> '''spotted lady's thumb''', '''Jesusplant''', and '''redshank'''.<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2016-08-16 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate = 2017-12-18}}</ref> It is widespread across Eurasia from Iceland south to Portugal and east to Japan.<ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=persicaria+maculosa Altervista Flora Italiana, ''Persicaria maculosa'' Gray] includes photos and European distribution map</ref><ref name=jing>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220010832 Flora of China, ''Polygonum persicaria'' Linnaeus, 1753. <big>蓼</big> liao ]</ref> It is also present as an [[introduced species|introduced]] and [[invasive species]] in North America, where it was first noted in the [[Great Lakes]] region in 1843 and has now spread through most of the continent.<ref>{{cite web |title= List of invasive species in the Great Lakes Great Lakes United / Union Saint-Laurent Grands Lacs |url= http://www.glu.org/en/node/199 |accessdate= 2009-02-07 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090429205753/http://www.glu.org/en/node/199 |archivedate= 2009-04-29 |df= }}</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Persicaria%20maculosa.png Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map]</ref>


Line 57: Line 50:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persicaria_maculosa#/editor/6


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 02:32, 30 August 2018

Persicaria maculosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Persicaria
Species:
P. maculosa
Binomial name
Persicaria maculosa
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy
  • Polygonum persicaria L. 1753
  • Persicaria mitis Delarbre
  • Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small 1903
  • Polygonum vernum Raf.
  • Persicaria dolichopoda (Ohki) Nakai
  • Persicaria fusiformis (Greene) Greene
  • Persicaria incana Gray
  • Persicaria interrupta Gray
  • Persicaria pulicariodea Montandon
  • Persicaria pusilla Gray
  • Persicaria rivularis Opiz
  • Persicaria salicifolia Gray
  • Peutalis persicaria Raf.
  • Polygonon persicarium St.-Lag.
  • Polygonum biforme Wahlenb.
  • Polygonum dolichopodum Ohki
  • Polygonum fusiforme Greene
  • Polygonum niloticum Meisn.
  • Polygonum puritanorum Fernald
  • Polygonum ruderale Salisb.
  • Polygonum serotinum Ten.

Persicaria maculosa (syn. Polygonum persicaria) is an annual plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. Common names include lady's thumb,[2] spotted lady's thumb, Jesusplant, and redshank.[3][4] It is widespread across Eurasia from Iceland south to Portugal and east to Japan.[5][6] It is also present as an introduced and invasive species in North America, where it was first noted in the Great Lakes region in 1843 and has now spread through most of the continent.[7][8]

The ochrea: stipules fused around the stem

The oldest name available for this species is Polygonum persicaria, coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. In transferring the species from Polygonum to Persicaria, the name Persicaria persicaria cannot be used because using the same word for both parts of the scientific name is prohibited by international agreement.[9]

Description

Persicaria maculosa is an annual herb up to 80 cm (31 in) tall, with an erect rather floppy stem with swollen joints. The leaves are alternate and almost stalkless. The leaf blades often have a brown or black spot in the centre and are narrowly ovate and have entire margins. Each leaf base has stipules which are fused into a stem-enclosing sheath that is loose and fringed with long hairs at the upper end. The inflorescence is a dense spike. The perianth of each tiny pink flower consists of four or five lobes, fused near the base. There are six stamens, two fused carpels and two styles. The fruit is a shiny black, three-edged achene. This plant flowers from July to September in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.[6][10][11]

Distribution and habitat

Persicaria maculosa is native to Europe and Asia, where it can be mistaken for Polygonum minus. The latter has narrower leaves, usually less than 1 cm wide. It has been introduced to North America and is naturalised throughout the mainland continent,[12] growing along roadsides, riverbanks, and on fallow ground. In the United States, it is very similar to Pennsylvania smartweed, but redshank has a fringe of hairs at the top of the ochrea, something which Pennsylvania smartweed lacks. The species has also been found in New Zealand and Australia.[13][14]

Ecology

In the British Isles, this plant is a weed, without natural habitat, and always associated with human activity.[15] It likes moist soils, particularly rich ones, and acid peaty loams.[16] It does not like lime, and liming is cited as a means to fight it.[17][18]

Cultivation and uses

Persicaria maculosa contains persicarin and tannins. In medicine, redshank is used against diarrhoea and infections. The leaves and young shoots may be eaten as a palatable and nutritious leaf vegetable. It is often seen as a weed and rarely cultivated. A yellow dye can be produced from this plant with alum used as a mordant.

References

  1. ^ Tropicos, Persicaria maculosa Gray
  2. ^ "Polygonum persicaria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  3. ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2016-08-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Persicaria maculosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
  5. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Persicaria maculosa Gray includes photos and European distribution map
  6. ^ a b Flora of China, Polygonum persicaria Linnaeus, 1753. 蓼 liao
  7. ^ "List of invasive species in the Great Lakes Great Lakes United / Union Saint-Laurent Grands Lacs". Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-02-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  9. ^ International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) see section 23.4
  10. ^ "Redshank: Persicaria maculosa". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  11. ^ Flora of North America, Persicaria maculosa Gray, 1821. Spotted lady's-thumb, redshank, renouée persicaire
  12. ^ USDA
  13. ^ Atlas of Living Australia, Persicaria maculosa Gray, Jesus Plant
  14. ^ IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Persicaria maculosa
  15. ^ Simmonds, N W (1945). "Biological flora of the British Isles. Polygonum L". Journal of Ecology. 33 (33): 117–143. doi:10.2307/2256567. JSTOR 2256567.
  16. ^ Long, H. C. (1938). "Weeds of arable land". MAFF Bulletin (108).
  17. ^ Fenton, E. W. (1931). "Poisonous and milk-staining plants". Pamphlet of Edinburgh and East of Scotland College of Agriculture. New series (4): 7–31.
  18. ^ Bond, W. "The biology and non chemical control of Redshank (Persicaria maculosa Gray)". HDRA. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Persicaria maculosa.
Wikispecies has information related to Persicaria maculosa.
Wikiversity has bloom time data for Persicaria maculosa on the Bloom Clock
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persicaria_maculosa&oldid=857182842"