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Miami-Dade County has operated under a unique metropolitan system of government, a "two-tier [[federation]]," since 1957. This was made possible when [[Florida]] voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1956 that allowed the people of Dade County (as it was known then) to enact a [[home rule]] [[charter]]. Prior to this year, home rule did not exist in [[Florida]], and all [[county|counties]] were limited to the same set of powers by the [[Florida Constitution]] and [[state law]]. [[Mattie Belle Davis]] was the first woman judge of Metropolitan Court of Dade County, Florida.
Miami-Dade County has operated under a unique metropolitan system of government, a "two-tier [[federation]]," since 1957. This was made possible when [[Florida]] voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1956 that allowed the people of Dade County (as it was known then) to enact a [[home rule]] [[charter]]. Prior to this year, home rule did not exist in [[Florida]], and all [[county|counties]] were limited to the same set of powers by the [[Florida Constitution]] and [[state law]]. [[Mattie Belle Davis]], the first woman from [[Florida]] elected to the [[American Bar Foundation]] and the second woman to be elected in the US, was the first woman judge of Metropolitan Court of Dade County, Florida.


===Division between county and municipality politics===
===Division between county and municipality politics===

Revision as of 03:24, 19 November 2009

Miami-Dade County
County
Flag of Miami-Dade County
Flag
Official seal of Miami-Dade County
Seal
Official logo of Miami-Dade County
Logo
Map of Florida highlighting Miami-Dade County
Location within the U.S. state of Florida
Map of the United States highlighting Florida
Florida's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 25°46′27″N 80°11′37″W / 25.77417°N 80.19361°W / 25.77417; -80.19361
Country United States
State Florida
FoundedJanuary 18, 1836
Named forMajor Francis L. Dade
SeatMiami
Largest cityMiami
Area
 • Total2,431 sq mi (6,300 km2)
 • Land1,946 sq mi (5,040 km2)
 • Water485 sq mi (1,260 km2)  19.96%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2007)
2,387,170
 • Density1,160/sq mi (447/km2)
Websitewww.miamidade.gov

Miami-Dade County (often referred to as simply Miami-Dade, Dade County, or Dade) is a county located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the county population was 2,387,170 in 2007, making it the most populous county in Florida and the ninth most populous county in the United States.[1] It is also Florida's second largest county in terms of land area, with 1,946 square miles.[2] The county's population makes up approximately half of the South Florida metropolitan area population and holds several of the principal cities of South Florida. The county seat is the City of Miami.

The county is home to 35 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas. The eastern portion of the county is heavily urbanized with many high rises up the coastline, as well as the location of the county's central business district, Downtown Miami. The western portion of the county extends into the Everglades National Park and is unpopulated. East of the mainland in Biscayne Bay is also Biscayne National Park, making Miami the only metropolitan area in the United States that borders two national parks.

History

Further information: [[:History of Miami, Florida]]

Pre-European contact

The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago.[3] The first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks.

The inhabitants at the time of first European contact were the Tequesta people, who controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and the southern part of Palm Beach County. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not practice any form of agriculture. They buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle.

European contact

Juan Ponce de León was the first European to visit the area in 1513 by sailing into Biscayne Bay. His journal records that he reached Chequescha, which was Miami's first recorded name.[4] It is unknown whether he came ashore or made contact with the Indians. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and his men made the first recorded landing when they visited the Tequesta settlement in 1566 while looking for Avilés' missing son, shipwrecked a year earlier.[5] Spanish soldiers led by Father Francisco Villarreal built a Jesuit mission at the mouth of the Miami River a year later but it was short-lived. After the Spaniards left, the Tequesta Indians were left to fend themselves from European-introduced diseases like smallpox. By 1711, the Tequesta sent a couple of local chiefs to Havana, Cuba, to ask if they could migrate there. The Cubans sent two ships to help them, but Spanish illnesses struck and most of the Indians died.[6]

The first permanent European settlers arrived in the early 1800s. People came from the Bahamas to South Florida and the Keys to hunt for treasure from the ships that ran aground on the treacherous Great Florida reef. Some accepted Spanish land offers along the Miami River. At about the same time, the Seminole Indians arrived, along with a group of runaway slaves. The area was affected by the Second Seminole War, during which Major William S. Harney led several raids against the Indians. Most non-Indian residents were soldiers stationed at Fort Dallas. It was the most devastating Indian war in American history, causing almost a total loss of population in the Miami area.

After the Second Seminole War ended in 1842, William English, re-established a plantation started by his uncle on the Miami River. He charted the “Village of Miami” on the south bank of the Miami River and sold several plots of land. In 1844, Miami became the county seat, and six years later a census reported that there were ninety-six residents living in the area.[7] The Third Seminole War was not as destructive as the second one. Even so, it slowed down the settlement of southeast Florida. At the end of the war, a few of the soldiers stayed.

Birth of Dade County

Julia Tuttle, the founder of Miami.
File:Flaglerstreet 1945.jpg
Flagler Street in Downtown 20 minutes after surrender during World War II.

Dade County was created on January 18, 1836 under the Territorial Act of the United States. The county was named after Major Francis L. Dade, a soldier killed in 1835 in the Second Seminole War, at what has since been named the Dade Battlefield. At the time of its creation, Dade County included the land that now contains Palm Beach and Broward counties, together with the Florida Keys from Bahia Honda Key north and the land of present day Miami-Dade County. The county seat was originally at Indian Key in the Florida Keys, then in 1844, the County seat was moved to Miami. The Florida Keys from Key Largo to Bahia Honda were returned to Monroe County in 1866. In 1888 the county seat was moved to Juno, near present-day Juno Beach, Florida, returning to Miami in 1899. In 1909, Palm Beach County was formed from the northern portion of what was then Dade County, and then in 1915, Palm Beach County and Dade County contributed nearly equal portions of land to create what is now Broward County. There have been no significant boundary changes to the county since 1915.[8][9][10]

The second-costliest natural disaster to occur in the United States was Hurricane Andrew, which hit this county early Monday morning on August 24, 1992. It struck the central part of the county from due east, south of Miami and very near Homestead, Kendall, and Cutler Ridge (now the Town of Cutler Bay). Damages numbered over US$25 billion in the county alone, and recovery has taken years in these areas where the destruction was greatest. This was the costliest natural disaster in US history until Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf region in 2005.

After the Cuban Revolution, exiles from Cuba migrated in large numbers to Dade County.

On November 13, 1997 voters changed the name of the county from Dade to Miami-Dade to acknowledge the international name recognition of Miami.[11]

Geography

Physical geography

Miami-Dade County is close to sea level in elevation averaging about 6 feet above sea level. It is rather new geologically and located at the eastern edge of the Florida Platform, a carbonate plateau created millions of years ago. Eastern Dade is composed of Oolite limestone while western Dade is composed mostly of Bryozoa.[12] Miami-Dade is among the last areas of Florida to be created and populated with fauna and flora, mostly in the Pleistocene.

Miami River in Downtown Miami

Population

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,431 square miles (6,297 km²), of which, 1,946 square miles (5,040 km²) of it is land and 485 square miles (1,257 km²) of it (19.96%) is water, most of which is Biscayne Bay, with another significant portion in the adjacent waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

The bay is divided from the Atlantic Ocean by the many barrier isles along the coast, one of which is where well-known Miami Beach is located, home to South Beach and the Art Deco district. The Florida Keys, which are also barrier islands are only accessible through Miami-Dade County, but which are otherwise part of neighboring Monroe County.

Miami is the largest city within Miami-Dade County as well as the county seat, with an estimated population of 424,662.[13] Miami is the only metropolitan area in the United States that borders two national parks. Biscayne National Park is located east of the mainland, in Biscayne Bay, and the western third of Miami-Dade County lies within Everglades National Park. The northwest portion of the county contains a small part of the Big Cypress National Preserve.

Communities

Map of the municipalities (colored areas) and unincorporated (grey areas) communities of Miami-Dade County.
Main article: List of Communities in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Miami-Dade County includes 35 incorporated areas, 38 Census-designated places, and 16 unincorporated regions.

Adjacent counties

Neighborhoods

Main article: Neighborhoods of Miami-Dade County

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1840446—
1850159−64.3%
186083−47.8%
1870852.4%
1880257202.4%
1890861235.0%
19004,955475.5%
191011,933140.8%
192042,753258.3%
1930142,955234.4%
1940267,73987.3%
1950495,08484.9%
1960935,04788.9%
19701,267,79235.6%
19801,625,78128.2%
19901,937,09419.1%
20002,253,36216.3%
2006 (est.)2,402,208
File:US12A086 Age.png
Age distribution (2000 census)
File:US12A086 Population.png
Population (2000-2008)[14][15]
File:US12A086 Income.png
Median income (2000 census)

2000 U.S. Census

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 2,253,362 people, 776,774 households, and 548,402 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,158 people per square mile (447/km²). There were 852,278 housing units at an average density of 438 per square mile (169/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 69.7% White (20.7% Non-Hispanic White),[16] 20.3% African American and Black (with a large part being of Caribbean descent), 0.20% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 4.60% from other races, and 3.80% from two or more races. 57.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In relation to ancestry (excluding the various Hispanic and Latino ancestries), 5% were Haitian, 5% American, 2% Italian, 2% Jamaican, 2% German, 2% Irish, and 2% English ancestry.[17]

1,147,765 of Miami-Dade residents, or 50.9 percent of the total population, were foreign-born, a percentage greater than any other county in the United States (47% of whom were naturalized U.S. citizens),[17][18] The most common countries of foreign-born residents included Cuba (42%), Nicaragua (16%), Colombia (6%), Haiti (6%), Dominican Republic (3%), and Jamaica (3%).[17]

There were 776,774 households out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.35.

The age distribution is 24.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,966, and the median income for a family was $40,260. Males had a median income of $30,120 versus $24,686 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,497. About 14.5% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.

2008 U.S. Census estimates

Since late 2001, Downtown Miami has seen a large construction boom in skyscrapers, retail and gentrification[citation needed].
Miami's Brickell neighborhood, is amongst the fastest-growing areas of Miami-Dade County[citation needed]

U.S. Census Bureau 2008 Ethnic/Race Demographics:[19]

According to the 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, when compared to the 2000 U.S. Census, the Hispanic population grew 5.1%, the Black population dropped 0.8%, the White (non-Hispanic) population dropped 2.9%, and the Asian population grew 0.2%.

Population Miami-Dade
2030 Projection 3,196,805
2025 Projection 3,019,785
2010 Projection 2,551,284
2006 Estimate 2,402,208
2000 Census 2,253,485
1990 Census 1,967,000

[21] [22]

Languages

As of 2000, 59.25% spoke Spanish as their first language, 32.09% English, 4.12% French Creole, 0.89% French, and 0.67% spoke Portuguese as their mother language.[23] 50.9% of the county residents were born outside the United States, while 67.90% of the population speaks a language other than English at home.[23]

Economy

Headquarters of Burger King

Burger King is headquartered in unincorporated Miami-Dade County.[24] Hewlett Packard's main Latin America offices are located in unincorporated Miami-Dade County.[25]

Before its dissolution, National Airlines (NA) was headquartered by the airport.[26] Before its dissolution Air Florida was headquartered at the Dade Towers in an unincorporated area.[27]

After Frank Borman became president of Eastern Airlines in 1975, he moved Eastern's headquarters from Rockefeller Center in Midtown Manhattan, New York City to an unincorporated area in Miami-Dade County[28][29] Around 1991 the Miami-Dade County lost several large corporations, including Eastern Airlines, which folded in 1991.[30]

Diplomatic missions

Several consulates are located in Miami-Dade County. Those in unincorporated areas within the county are the Consulate-General of Honduras,[31] the Consulate-General of Nicaragua,[32] and the Consulate-General of Panama[33].

Law and government

Main article: Miami-Dade county law and government

Miami-Dade County has operated under a unique metropolitan system of government, a "two-tier federation," since 1957. This was made possible when Florida voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1956 that allowed the people of Dade County (as it was known then) to enact a home rule charter. Prior to this year, home rule did not exist in Florida, and all counties were limited to the same set of powers by the Florida Constitution and state law. Mattie Belle Davis, the first woman from Florida elected to the American Bar Foundation and the second woman to be elected in the US, was the first woman judge of Metropolitan Court of Dade County, Florida.

Division between county and municipality politics

Presidential elections results
Year Republican Democrat
2008 41.6% 358,256 58.1% 497,386
2004 46.6% 361,095 52.9% 409,732
2000 46.3% 289,574 52.6% 328,867
1996 37.9% 209,740 57.3% 317,555
1992 43.2% 235,313 46.7% 254,609
1988 55.3% 270,937 44.3% 216,970
1984 59.2% 144,281 40.8% 223,863
1980 50.7% 265,888 40.2% 210,868
1976 40.5% 211,148 58.1% 303,047
1972 58.9% 256,529 40.8% 177,693
1968 37.0% 135,222 48.4% 176,689
1964 36.0% 117,480 64.0% 208,941
1960 42.3% 134,506 57.7% 183,114

Unlike a consolidated city-county, where the city and county governments merge into a single entity, these two entities remain separate. Instead there are two "tiers", or levels, of government: city and county. There are 35 municipalities in the county, the City of Miami being the largest.

District Commissioner
1st Barbara J. Jordan
2nd Dorrin D. Rolle
3rd Audrey Edmonson
4th Sally A. Heyman
5th Bruno A. Barreiro
6th Rebeca Sosa
7th Carlos A. Gimenez
8th Katy Sorenson
9th Dennis C. Moss, Chairman
10th Javier D. Souto
11th Joe A. Martinez
12th José Pepe Diaz
13th Natacha Seijas

Cities are the "lower tier" of local government, providing police and fire protection, zoning and code enforcement, and other typical city services within their jurisdiction. These services are paid for by city taxes. The County is the "upper tier", and it provides services of a metropolitan nature, such as emergency management, airport and seaport operations, public housing and health care services, transportation, environmental services, solid waste disposal etc. These are funded by county taxes, which are assessed on all incorporated and unincorporated areas.

Of the county's 2.2 million total residents (as of 2000), approximately 52% live in unincorporated areas, the majority of which are heavily urbanized. These residents are part of the Unincorporated Municipal Services Area (UMSA). For these residents, the County fills the role of both lower- and upper-tier government, the County Commission acting as their lower-tier municipal representative body. Residents within UMSA pay a UMSA tax, equivalent to a city tax, which is used to provide County residents with equivalent city services (police, fire, zoning, water and sewer, etc.). Residents of incorporated areas do not pay UMSA tax.

Structure of county government

Dade County Courthouse built in 1928

See also: List of Mayors of Miami-Dade County, Florida

The Executive Mayor of Miami-Dade County is elected countywide to serve a four-year term. The Mayor is not a member of the County Commission. The Mayor appoints a County Manager, with approval and consent of the Board of County Commissioners, to oversee the operations of the County Departments. The Mayor has veto power over the Commission. The current mayor is Cuban-born Carlos Alvarez.

The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative body, consisting of 13 members elected from single-member districts. Members are elected to serve four-year terms, and elections of members are staggered. The Board chooses a Chairperson, who presides over the Commission, as well as appoints the members of its legislative committees. The Board has a wide array of powers to enact legislation, create departments, and regulate businesses operating within the County. It also has the power to override the Mayor's veto with a two-thirds vote.

The election of Commissioners from single member districts came to be in 1992 after a group led by attorney and City of Miami Commissioner Arthur Teele, Jr. with the support of some African American and Hispanic civic leaders, challenged the at large election system in the courts, arguing that the present system did not allow for the election of minority commissioners, despite the fact that African American Commissioner Barbara Carey-Shuler had been elected several times. The court, under the ruling of Judge Graham, created the single member district election system.

Florida's Constitution provides for four elected officials to oversee executive and administrative functions for each county (called "Constitutional Officers"): Sheriff, Property Appraiser, Supervisor of Elections, and Tax Collector. However, the current Constitution allows voters in home-rule counties (including Miami-Dade) to abolish the offices and reorganize them as subordinate County departments; Miami-Dade voters chose this option.

The most visible distinction between Miami-Dade and other Florida counties is the title of its law enforcement agency. It is the only county in Florida that does not have an elected sheriff, or an agency titled "Sheriff's Office." Instead the equivalent agency is known as the Miami-Dade Police Department, and its leader is known as the Metropolitan Sheriff and Director of the Miami-Dade Police Department. The judicial offices of Clerk of the Circuit Court, State Attorney, and Public Defender are still branches of State government and are therefore independently elected and not part of County government.

Public services

Fire Rescue

Further information: [[:Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department]]

The Miami-Dade County Fire Rescue Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Miami-Dade County, Florida. The department serves 28 municipalities and all unincorporated areas of Miami-Dade County from 60 fire stations[34]. The Department also provides fire protection services for Miami International Airport, Kendall-Tamiami Executive Airport and Opa-Locka Airport.[35]

The communities served are Aventura, Bal Harbour, Bay Harbor Islands, Biscayne Park, Doral, El Portal, Florida City, Golden Beach, Hialeah Gardens, Homestead, Indian Creek, Islandia, Medley, Miami Lakes, Miami Shores, Miami Springs, North Bay Village, North Miami, North Miami Beach, Opa-locka, Palmetto Bay, Pinecrest, South Miami, Surfside, Sweetwater, Sunny Isles Beach, Virginia Gardens, and West Miami.[36]

Miami-Dade Fire Rescue is also the home to Urban Search and Rescue Florida Task Force 1 as well as EMS operations consisting of 57 Advanced Life Support units staffed by 760 state-certified paramedics and 640 state-certified emergency medical technicians.

Police Department

Further information: [[:Miami-Dade Police Department]]
File:Mdpdinterceptor.JPG
A Miami-Dade police car

The Miami-Dade Police Department is full service metropolitan police department serving Miami-Dade County's unincorporated areas, although they have lenient mutual aid agreements with other municipalities, most often the City of Miami Police Department. The Miami-Dade Police Department is the largest police department in the state of Florida with over 5,000 employees. The Department is still often referred by its former name, the Metro-Dade Police or simply Metro.

The Miami-Dade Police Department operate out of nine districts throughout Miami-Dade County and have two special bureaus. The current director of the Miami-Dade Police Department is Robert Parker, who succeeded Carlos Alvarez, the current mayor of Miami-Dade County. The Department's headquarters are located in Doral, Florida.

Water and Sewer Department

Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (MDWASD) is one of the largest public utilities in the United States, employing approximately 2,700 employees as of 2007. It provides service to over 2.4 million customers, operating with an annual budget of almost $400 million. Approximately 330 million gallons of water are drawn everyday from the Biscayne Aquifer for consumer use. MDWASD has over 7,100 miles of water lines, a service area of 396 square miles (1,026 km2) and 14 pump stations. MDWASD has over 3,600 miles of sewage pipes, a service area of 341 square miles (883 km2) and 954 pump stations [37]

Education

Florida International University
File:P1000196.JPG
University of Miami

In Florida, each county is also a school district. Miami-Dade County Public Schools, is operated by an independently-elected School Board. A professional Superintendent of Schools manages the day-to-day operations of the district, who is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the School Board. The Miami-Dade County Public School District is currently the fourth-largest public school district in the nation with almost 400,000 students in 2007/2008.

The Miami-Dade Public Library is one of the largest public library systems in the country, comprising 42 branch locations, and 8 branch locations currently being built/not officially opened.

Colleges and universities

Miami-Dade County is home to many private and public universities and colleges. Total approximate college/university student enrollment in the county in 2006 was about 245,000, one of the largest number for university students in the USA.[citation needed]

Transportation

Airports

Miami International Airport

Miami International Airport, located in an unincorporated area in the county, serves as the primary international airport of the Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world, Miami International Airport caters to over 35 million passengers a year. Identifiable locally, as well as several worldwide authorities, as MIA or KMIA, the airport is a major hub and the single largest international gateway for American Airlines, the world’s largest passenger air carrier. Miami International is the United States’ third largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers (behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport), and is the seventh largest such gateway in the world. The airport’s extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

General aviation airports in the county include Kendall-Tamiami Executive Airport in an unincorporated area, Opa-Locka Airport in Opa-Locka, and Homestead General Aviation Airport in an unincirporated area west of Homestead. Homestead Joint Air Reserve Base, east of Homestead in an unincorporated area, serves military traffic.

Public transit

Government Center is one of the main stations for the Metrorail

Public transit in Miami-Dade County is served by Miami-Dade Transit, and is the largest public transit in Florida. Miami-Dade Transit operates a heavy rail metro system Metrorail, an elevated people mover in Downtown Miami, Metromover and the bus system, Metrobus. Currently, expansion of Metrorail is underway with the construction of a new Orange Line.

Major expressways

Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Miami and Miami Beach
Flagler Street in Downtown Miami
Downtown Distributor

In Florida a Tolled State Road is often (but not always) denoted by having the word "TOLL" printed on the top of the State Road shield.

When a driver passes through a toll plaza without paying the proper toll a digital image of the cars license tag is recorded. Under Florida Law, this image can be used by the Authority to issue a toll violation.[38]

Miami-Dade County has 10 major expressways and 1 minor expressway in Downtown Miami.

Street grid

A street grid stretches from downtown Miami throughout the county. This grid was adopted by the City of Miami following World War I after the United States Post Office threatened to cease mail deliveries in the city because the original system of named streets, with names often changing every few blocks and multiple streets in the city sharing the same name, was too confusing for the mail carriers.[39] The new grid was later extended throughout the county as the population grew west, south, and north of city limits. The grid is laid out with Miami Avenue as the meridian going North-South and Flagler Street the baseline going east-west. The grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler and west of Miami Avenue have NW in their address (eg. NW 27th Avenue). Because its point of origin is in downtown Miami which is close to the coast, the NW and SW quadrants are much larger than the SE and NE quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named, although, with a few notable exceptions, the number is in more common usage among locals. Although this grid is easy to understand once one is oriented to it, it is not universal in the entire county. Hialeah uses its own grid system which is entirely different in its orientation. Coral Gables and Miami Lakes use named streets almost exclusively, and various smaller municipalities such as Florida City and Homestead use their own grid system along with the Miami-Dade grid system adding to the confusion. Miami Beach has its own system of numbered streets without compass directions.

Sites of interest

Museums

Miami Art Museum in Downtown Miami
File:Frost Art Museum.JPG
Frost Art Museum at Florida International University

Culture and wildlife

Villa Vizcaya, a popular tourist attraction
Miami Seaquarium

Other areas and attractions

South Beach

Parks

Sports venues

American Airlines Arena, home of the Miami Heat.
LandShark Stadium, home of the Miami Dolphins, Miami Hurricanes and the Florida Marlins

Miami-Dade County holds the majority of sports arenas, stadiums and complexes in South Florida. Some of these sports facilities are:

Former venues include:

Sister cities

See also: List of sister cities in Florida

Miami-Dade County has 23 sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

References

  1. ^ US Census Bureau Estimates retrieved May 26, 2007
  2. ^ US Census Bureau
  3. ^ Parks, Arva Moore (1991). Miami: The Magic City. Miami, FL: Centennial Press. p. 12. ISBN 0962940224. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ Parks, p 13
  5. ^ Parks, p 14
  6. ^ Parks, p 14-16
  7. ^ History of Miami-Dade county retrieved January 26, 2006
  8. ^ "Miami-Dade County Annual Report for Bondholders. For the Fiscal Year of 1998" (PDF). Miami-Dade County, Florida. 1998. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
  9. ^ History of Indian Key - retrieved September 13, 2007
  10. ^ Muir, Helen. (1953) Miami, U.S.A. Coconut Grove, Florida. Hurricane House Publishers. Pp. 33, 100
  11. ^ Miami-Dade County Government
  12. ^ Notes on Florida Geography, Florida International University
  13. ^ http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/2000s/vintage_2007/07s_challenges.html
  14. ^ http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=Search&_county=Miami-dade+County&_cityTown=Miami-dade+County&_state=05000US12086
  15. ^ http://www.mapzones.org/Miami-dade_County_Florida.html
  16. ^ "Demographics of Miami-Dade County, FL". MuniNetGuide.com. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  17. ^ a b c "Miami-Dade County, FL Detailed Profile". city-data.com. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  18. ^ Census Bureau, American Community Survey Ranking Tables
  19. ^ "2008 Miami-Dade County Demographics".
  20. ^ "2006 U.S. Census for Some Other Race".
  21. ^ http://www.miamidade.gov/planzone/Library/Census/Population_Projections_Components_of_Change_1990-2020.pdf
  22. ^ Regional & Local Profiles
  23. ^ a b "Modern Language Association Data Center Results of Miami-Dade County, Florida". Modern Language Association. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  24. ^ "We're Listening." Burger King. Retrieved on January 31, 2009.
  25. ^ "Office Locations." Hewlett Packard. Retrieved on July 22, 2009.
  26. ^ "Walkout by 3,500 Cancels All Flights Of National Airlines." The New York Times. Sunday February 1, 1970. Page 58. Retrieved on September 24, 2009.
  27. ^ World Airline Directory. Flight International. March 20, 1975. "466.
  28. ^ Bernstein, Aaron. Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines. Beard Books, 1999. 22. Retrieved on August 28, 2009.
  29. ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 30, 1985. 72." Retrieved on June 17, 2009.
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  31. ^ "Consulados de Honduras en Estados Unidos" Consulate-General of Honduras. Retrieved on January 31, 2009.
  32. ^ "Bienvenidos al Consulado de Nicaragua en Miami, FL" Consulate-General of Nicaragua. Retrieved on January 31, 2009.
  33. ^ "Panamanian Consulates in the U.S." Embassy of Panama in Washington, D.C.. Retrieved on January 30, 2009.
  34. ^ "Locations". Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department. Miami-Dade County. Retrieved August 30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ "Airport Fire Rescue Division". Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department. Miami-Dade County. Retrieved August 30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Cities Served". Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department. Miami-Dade County. Retrieved August 30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
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  38. ^ Toll Violation Attorney
  39. ^ Muir, Helen. (1953) Miami, U.S.A. Coconut Grove, Florida: Hurricane House Publishers. Pp. 136-7.

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