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Coordinates: 49°37′28″N 20°56′54″E / 49.62444°N 20.94833°E / 49.62444; 20.94833
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Grybów
| name = Grybów
| image_skyline = Grybow rynek.jpg
| image_skyline = Linia kolejowa nr 96 - Grybów.JPG
| image_caption = St. Catherine's Church in Grybów
| image_caption = Town skyline
| image_shield = POL Grybów COA.svg
| image_shield = POL Grybów COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
⚫
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| coordinates_region = PL
⚫
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
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| subdivision_name3 = Grybów <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| subdivision_name3 = Grybów <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Piotr Piechnik
| leader_name = Paweł Fyda
| area_total_km2 = 17
| area_total_km2 = 17
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_as_of = 2006
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| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|49|37|28|N|20|56|54|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| latd = 49 | latm = 37 | lats = 28 | latNS = N | longd = 20 | longm = 56 | longs = 54 | longEW = E
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 33-330
| postal_code = 33-330
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| website = http://www.grybow.pl
| website = http://www.grybow.pl
}}
}}
'''Grybów''' {{IPAc-pl|'|g|r|y|b|u|f}} ({{lang-uk|Грибів}}, ''Hrybiv''; {{lang-de|Grünberg}}, ''Grynberk''<!--below-->; {{lang-yi|גריבאוו}}, ''Gribuv''<ref>[http://db.yadvashem.org/names/nameDetails.html?itemId=5338507&language=en Central DB of Shoah Victims' Names - Record Details] 2013 Yad Vashem.</ref>),<ref name="sngp">Prof. Maria Malec. ''Słownik nazw geograficznych Polski.'' 2003. WN PWN. 2007. ISBN 83-01-13857-2.</ref><ref name="semg">Prof. Stanisław Rospond. ''Słownik Etymologiczny Miast i Gmin.'' Ossolineum. Wrocław. 1984. ISBN 8304010909.</ref><!--ref primary--> is a town in the [[Nowy Sącz County]], in [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] of Poland, with 12,409 inhabitants (2005). It is located in the heartland of the [[Doły Jasielsko Sanockie]] (Doły Pits), and its average altitude is 370 metres above sea level, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city, Grybów has the steepest town square in medieval Europe.
'''Grybów''' {{IPAc-pl|'|g|r|y|b|u|f}} ({{lang-uk|Грибів}}, ''Hrybiv''; {{lang-de|Grünberg}}, ''Grynberk''<!--below-->; {{lang-yi|גריבאוו}}, ''Gribuv''<ref>[http://db.yadvashem.org/names/nameDetails.html?itemId=5338507&language=en Central DB of Shoah Victims' Names - Record Details] 2013 Yad Vashem.</ref>),<ref name="sngp">Prof. Maria Malec. ''Słownik nazw geograficznych Polski.'' 2003. WN PWN. 2007. {{ISBN|83-01-13857-2}}.</ref><ref name="semg">Prof. Stanisław Rospond. ''Słownik Etymologiczny Miast i Gmin.'' Ossolineum. Wrocław. 1984. {{ISBN|8304010909}}.</ref><!--ref primary--> is a town in the [[Nowy Sącz County]], in [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] of Poland, with 12,409 inhabitants (2005). It is located in the heartland of the [[Doły Jasielsko Sanockie]] (Doły Pits), and its average altitude is 370 metres above sea level, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city, Grybów has the steepest town square in medieval Europe.


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Grybów, kaplica.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Grybów chapel built in 1840]]
[[File:Grybów 4PR8.jpg|thumb|left|Market square]]
The history of Grybów dates back to the Early [[Middle Ages in Poland]], when the settlement belonged to the Castelany in [[Biecz]] under King [[Casimir III the Great]] of the [[Piast dynasty]]. The town charter was issued by Kazimierz on May 15, 1340 for Hanko Bogacz, following destruction caused by the [[Third Mongol invasion of Poland|Mongol invasion]]. The new town centre was erected on a hill at the site of former Biała village.<ref name="sztetl-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/grybow/3,historia-miejscowosci/ | title=History of Grybów | publisher=[[Museum of the History of Polish Jews]] (Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich) | year=2013 | accessdate=8 July 2013 | author=Virtual Shtetl}}</ref> At that time, Grybow was called Grynberg (see [[Walddeutsche]]).
The history of Grybów dates back to the Early [[Middle Ages in Poland]], when the settlement belonged to the Castelany in [[Biecz]] under King [[Casimir III the Great]] of the [[Piast dynasty]]. The town charter was issued by Kazimierz on 15 May 1340 for Hanko Bogacz, following destruction caused by the [[Third Mongol invasion of Poland|Mongol invasion]]. The new town centre was erected on a hill at the site of former Biała village.<ref name="sztetl-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/grybow/3,historia-miejscowosci/ | title=History of Grybów | publisher=[[Museum of the History of Polish Jews]] (Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich) | year=2013 | accessdate=8 July 2013 | author=Virtual Shtetl}}</ref> At that time, Grybow was called Grynberg (see [[Walddeutsche]]).


Due to convenient location and several royal privileges, Grybow prospered and became a center of trade and cloth manufacturing. In the period known as [[Polish Golden Age]], Grybow had a renowned school of sculptors, in which the figure of Madonna of Kruzlowa was made. During the catastrophic [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]] (1655 - 1660) Grybow was captured by Swedes, who looted the town, and then set it on fire, together with ancient parish church and nearby castle. Swedish raid was followed by a Transilvanian invasion of 1657, which brought further destruction. Furthermore, there were frequent fires and outbreaks of plague, and by late 17th century, Grybow turned into a small, poor town. In the summer of 1768, the area of the town witnessed Polish - Russian fighting, during the [[Bar Confederation]].
Due to convenient location and several royal privileges, Grybow prospered and became a center of trade and cloth manufacturing. In the period known as [[Polish Golden Age]], Grybow had a renowned school of sculptors, in which the figure of Madonna of Kruzlowa was made. During the catastrophic [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]] (1655 - 1660) Grybow was captured by Swedes, who looted the town, and then set it on fire, together with ancient parish church and nearby castle. Swedish raid was followed by a Transilvanian invasion of 1657, which brought further destruction. Furthermore, there were frequent fires and outbreaks of plague, and by the late 17th century, Grybow turned into a small, poor town. In the summer of 1768, the area of the town witnessed Polish - Russian fighting, during the [[Bar Confederation]].

The most remarkable landmark of the town is an old church that was rebuilt after the complete burning.


===Age of Partitions===
===Age of Partitions===
From the first [[Partitions of Poland|partition]] of Poland in 1772 until 1918, the town was part of the [[Austrian monarchy]] ([[compromise of 1867]]), the chief city of the district with the same name, one of the 78 provinces of [[Austrian Galicia]].<ref>Wilhelm Klein (1967), ''Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890.''</ref>During Austrian rule, there was widespread poverty and starvation among local peasants. In 1846, several manor houses were burned in the so-called [[Galician slaughter]]. In 1849, Grybow was visited by Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]], and in the 1860s, the town was visited by painter [[Artur Grottger]], who came here to see his fiancee, Anna Monne. In 1900, [[Stanislaw Wyspianski]] and [[Jozef Mehoffer]] also visited the town.
From the first [[Partitions of Poland|partition]] of Poland in 1772 until 1918, the town was part of the [[Austrian monarchy]] ([[compromise of 1867]]), the chief city of the district with the same name, one of the 78 provinces of [[Austrian Galicia]].<ref>Wilhelm Klein (1967), ''Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890.''</ref> During Austrian rule, there was widespread poverty and starvation among local peasants. In 1846, several manor houses were burned in the so-called [[Galician slaughter]]. In 1849, Grybow was visited by Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]], and in the 1860s, the town was visited by painter [[Artur Grottger]], who came here to see his fiancée, Anna Monne. In 1900, [[Stanislaw Wyspianski]] and [[Józef Mehoffer]] also visited the town.


By late 19th century, Grybow slowly recoverred, due to construction of rail line, and discovery of oil. In May 1915, the [[Battle of Gorlice]] took place nearby. In the [[Second Polish Republic]], Grybow was the capital of a county, but only until 1932, when Grybow County was dissolved. In the 1930s, local villages were centers of peasant protests (see [[1937 peasant strike in Poland]]), and the town was visited several times by [[Wincenty Witos]].
By the late 19th century, Grybow slowly recovered, due to construction of rail line, and discovery of oil. In May 1915, the [[Battle of Gorlice]] took place nearby. In the [[Second Polish Republic]], Grybow was the capital of a county, but only until 1932, when Grybow County was dissolved. In the 1930s, local villages were centers of peasant protests (see [[1937 peasant strike in Poland]]), and the town was visited several times by [[Wincenty Witos]].

On 20 August 1942, 360 Jewish citizens of the town were rounded up by the Nazis and taken two kilometers away to be slaughtered in the woods of Biata Nawa.
There stands a monument on their mass grave today, and the restored Jewish cemetery was unveiled in November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2019/11/08/repairing-the-world-the-olympic-athlete-restoring-polands-jewish-heritage/|title=Repairing the world: The Olympic athlete restoring Poland's Jewish heritage|date=8 November 2019|website=Notes From Poland|language=en-US|access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>


In late 1944, the [[Wehrmacht]] named Grybow a fortress, but due to rapid Soviet advance, the Germans retreated in January 1945. Nevertheless, almost 70% of the town was destroyed.
In late 1944, the [[Wehrmacht]] named Grybow a fortress, but due to rapid Soviet advance, the Germans retreated in January 1945. Nevertheless, almost 70% of the town was destroyed.
{{clear-left}}
{{clear left}}


==Notable individuals==
==Notable individuals==
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{{Nowy Sącz County}}
{{Nowy Sącz County}}
{{Gmina Grybów}}
{{Gmina Grybów}}

⚫
{{coord|49|37|28|N|20|56|54|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grybow}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Nowy Sącz County]]
[[Category:Nowy Sącz County]]
[[Category:Galicia (Eastern Europe)]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]]


{{LesserPoland-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 13:56, 16 August 2024

Grybów
Town skyline
Town skyline
Coat of arms of Grybów
Coat of arms
Grybów is located in Poland
Grybów
Grybów
Coordinates: 49°37′28″N 20°56′54″E / 49.62444°N 20.94833°E / 49.62444; 20.94833
Country Poland
VoivodeshipLesser Poland
CountyNowy Sącz
GminaGrybów (urban gmina)
Government
 • MayorPaweł Fyda
Area
 • Total17 km2 (7 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total6,025
 • Density350/km2 (920/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
33-330
Car platesKNS
Websitehttp://www.grybow.pl

Grybów [ˈɡrɨbuf] (Ukrainian: Грибів, Hrybiv; German: Grünberg, Grynberk; Yiddish: גריבאוו, Gribuv[1]),[2][3] is a town in the Nowy Sącz County, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland, with 12,409 inhabitants (2005). It is located in the heartland of the Doły Jasielsko Sanockie (Doły Pits), and its average altitude is 370 metres above sea level, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city, Grybów has the steepest town square in medieval Europe.

History

[edit]
Market square

The history of Grybów dates back to the Early Middle Ages in Poland, when the settlement belonged to the Castelany in Biecz under King Casimir III the Great of the Piast dynasty. The town charter was issued by Kazimierz on 15 May 1340 for Hanko Bogacz, following destruction caused by the Mongol invasion. The new town centre was erected on a hill at the site of former Biała village.[4] At that time, Grybow was called Grynberg (see Walddeutsche).

Due to convenient location and several royal privileges, Grybow prospered and became a center of trade and cloth manufacturing. In the period known as Polish Golden Age, Grybow had a renowned school of sculptors, in which the figure of Madonna of Kruzlowa was made. During the catastrophic Swedish invasion of Poland (1655 - 1660) Grybow was captured by Swedes, who looted the town, and then set it on fire, together with ancient parish church and nearby castle. Swedish raid was followed by a Transilvanian invasion of 1657, which brought further destruction. Furthermore, there were frequent fires and outbreaks of plague, and by the late 17th century, Grybow turned into a small, poor town. In the summer of 1768, the area of the town witnessed Polish - Russian fighting, during the Bar Confederation.

The most remarkable landmark of the town is an old church that was rebuilt after the complete burning.

Age of Partitions

[edit]

From the first partition of Poland in 1772 until 1918, the town was part of the Austrian monarchy (compromise of 1867), the chief city of the district with the same name, one of the 78 provinces of Austrian Galicia.[5] During Austrian rule, there was widespread poverty and starvation among local peasants. In 1846, several manor houses were burned in the so-called Galician slaughter. In 1849, Grybow was visited by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, and in the 1860s, the town was visited by painter Artur Grottger, who came here to see his fiancée, Anna Monne. In 1900, Stanislaw Wyspianski and Józef Mehoffer also visited the town.

By the late 19th century, Grybow slowly recovered, due to construction of rail line, and discovery of oil. In May 1915, the Battle of Gorlice took place nearby. In the Second Polish Republic, Grybow was the capital of a county, but only until 1932, when Grybow County was dissolved. In the 1930s, local villages were centers of peasant protests (see 1937 peasant strike in Poland), and the town was visited several times by Wincenty Witos.

On 20 August 1942, 360 Jewish citizens of the town were rounded up by the Nazis and taken two kilometers away to be slaughtered in the woods of Biata Nawa. There stands a monument on their mass grave today, and the restored Jewish cemetery was unveiled in November 2019.[6]

In late 1944, the Wehrmacht named Grybow a fortress, but due to rapid Soviet advance, the Germans retreated in January 1945. Nevertheless, almost 70% of the town was destroyed.

Notable individuals

[edit]

Polish writer and traveler Kamil Giżycki (1893–1968) was born in Grybów.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Central DB of Shoah Victims' Names - Record Details 2013 Yad Vashem.
  2. ^ Prof. Maria Malec. Słownik nazw geograficznych Polski. 2003. WN PWN. 2007. ISBN 83-01-13857-2.
  3. ^ Prof. Stanisław Rospond. Słownik Etymologiczny Miast i Gmin. Ossolineum. Wrocław. 1984. ISBN 8304010909.
  4. ^ Virtual Shtetl (2013). "History of Grybów". Museum of the History of Polish Jews (Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich). Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Klein (1967), Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890.
  6. ^ "Repairing the world: The Olympic athlete restoring Poland's Jewish heritage". Notes From Poland. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
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