Solon Borland: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American politician}} |
{{short description|American politician, journalist, physician and military officer (1808–1864)}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2020}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2020}} |
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{{Infobox officeholder |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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| name= Solon Borland |
| name = Solon Borland |
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| image name= Solon Borland.jpg |
| image name = Solon Borland.jpg |
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| office= [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Nicaragua|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua)]] |
| office = [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Nicaragua|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua)]] |
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| term_start= April 18, 1853 |
| term_start = April 18, 1853 |
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| term_end= April 17, 1854 |
| term_end = April 17, 1854 |
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| president = [[Franklin Pierce]] |
| president = [[Franklin Pierce]] |
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| predecessor = [[John B. Kerr]] |
| predecessor = [[John B. Kerr]] |
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| successor = [[John H. Wheeler]] |
| successor = [[John H. Wheeler]] |
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| jr/sr1= United States Senator |
| jr/sr1 = United States Senator |
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| state1= [[Arkansas]] |
| state1 = [[Arkansas]] |
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| term_start1= April 24, 1848 |
| term_start1 = April 24, 1848 |
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| term_end1= March 3, 1853 |
| term_end1 = March 3, 1853 |
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| preceded1= [[Ambrose Hundley Sevier]] |
| preceded1 = [[Ambrose Hundley Sevier]] |
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| succeeded1= [[Robert Ward Johnson]] |
| succeeded1 = [[Robert Ward Johnson]] |
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| birth_date= {{birth date|1808|9|21}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1808|9|21}} |
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| birth_place= [[Nansemond County, Virginia]], |
| birth_place = [[Nansemond County, Virginia]], US |
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| death_date= {{death date and age|1864|1|1|1808|9|21}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1864|1|1|1808|9|21}} |
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| death_place= [[Harris County, Texas]], [[Confederate States of America |
| death_place = [[Harris County, Texas]], [[Confederate States of America]] |
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| resting_place= Old City Cemetery,<br />[[Houston]], Texas, |
| resting_place = Old City Cemetery,<br />[[Houston]], Texas, US |
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| resting_place_coordinates= {{coord|29|46|06.5|N|95|22|04.6|W|region:US-TX_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |
| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|29|46|06.5|N|95|22|04.6|W|region:US-TX_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |
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| party= [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] |
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] |
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| spouse= {{Plainlist|* {{marriage|Hildah Wright|1831|1837|end=d.}} |
| spouse = {{Plainlist|* {{marriage|Hildah Wright|1831|1837|end=d.}} |
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* {{marriage|Eliza Buck Hart|July 23, 1839|1842|end=d.}} |
* {{marriage|Eliza Buck Hart|July 23, 1839|1842|end=d.}} |
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* {{marriage|Mary Isabel Melbourne|May 27, 1845}} |
* {{marriage|Mary Isabel Melbourne|May 27, 1845}} |
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}} |
}} |
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| education= [[University of Louisville School of Medicine|Louisville Medical Institute]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|MD]]) |
| education = [[University of Louisville School of Medicine|Louisville Medical Institute]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|MD]]) |
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| allegiance= {{flag|United States|1847}}<br />{{ |
| allegiance = {{flag|United States|1847}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Confederate States (1861–1863).svg}} [[Confederate States]] |
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| branch= <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not add the Army flag adopted by the U.S. government in 1956 (92 years after Borland's death) as it would be historically inaccurate. Thank you. --> {{unbulleted list|[[United States Volunteers]]|{{army|CSA}}}} |
| branch = <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not add the Army flag adopted by the U.S. government in 1956 (92 years after Borland's death) as it would be historically inaccurate. Thank you. --> {{unbulleted list|[[United States Volunteers]]|{{army|CSA}}}} |
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| branch_label= Service |
| branch_label = Service |
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| rank= {{unbulleted list|[[File:Union army maj rank insignia.jpg|30px]] [[Major (United States)|Major]] (U.S.)|[[File:Confederate States of America Colonel.png|30px]] [[Colonel]] (C.S.)}} |
| rank = {{unbulleted list|[[File:Union army maj rank insignia.jpg|30px]] [[Major (United States)|Major]] (U.S.)|[[File:Confederate States of America Colonel.png|30px]] [[Colonel]] (C.S.)}} |
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| serviceyears= {{unbulleted list|1846–1847 (U.S.)|1861–1862 (C.S.)}} |
| serviceyears = {{unbulleted list|1846–1847 (U.S.)|1861–1862 (C.S.)}} |
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| commands= {{unbulleted list|Company B, Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment (July 1846)|[[3rd Arkansas Cavalry Regiment|3d Arkansas Cavalry Regiment]] (1861–62)}} |
| commands = {{unbulleted list|Company B, Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment (July 1846)|[[3rd Arkansas Cavalry Regiment|3d Arkansas Cavalry Regiment]] (1861–62)}} |
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| battles= {{tree list}} |
| battles = {{tree list}} |
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* [[Mexican–American War]]{{POW}} |
* [[Mexican–American War]]{{POW}} |
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** [[Battle of Churubusco]] |
** [[Battle of Churubusco]] |
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* [[American Civil War]] |
* [[American Civil War]] |
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** [[Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War|Trans-Mississippi Theater]] |
** [[Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War|Trans-Mississippi Theater]] |
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{{tree list/end}} |
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|battles_label = Battles |
| battles_label = Battles |
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| module= {{Infobox person|embed=yes| |
| module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes| |
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| monuments= Borland Memorial Marker,<br />[[Mount Holly Cemetery]],<br />[[Little Rock, Arkansas]]}} |
| monuments= Borland Memorial Marker,<br />[[Mount Holly Cemetery]],<br />[[Little Rock, Arkansas]]}} |
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| caption = Portrait of Borland by [[Mathew Brady]] |
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}} |
}} |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | '''Solon Borland''' (September 21, 1808 – January 1, 1864) was an American politician, journalist, physician and military officer. He served as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from [[Arkansas]] from 1848 to 1853. Later in life, he served as an [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] of the [[Confederate States Army]] including commanded of a [[cavalry]] regiment in the [[Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War]]. |
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⚫ | Solon Borland was born on September 21, 1808, in [[Nansemond County, Virginia]] to |
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⚫ | During the [[Mexican–American War]], Borland was commissioned [[Major (United States)|major]] of the Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment serving under [[Archibald Yell]]. Borland served throughout the war, having turned over his newspaper business to associates. He was taken as a [[prisoner of war]] by the Mexican army on January 23, 1847, just south of [[Saltillo, Coahuila|Saltillo]]. He escaped,<ref name="PoUSS1856" /> and was discharged when his regiment was disbanded and mustered out in June, but continued in the army as volunteer [[aide-de-camp]] to General [[William J. Worth]] during the remainder of the campaign, from the [[Battle of Molino del Rey]] to the [[Battle for Mexico City|capture of Mexico City]] on September 14, 1847. |
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⚫ | Solon Borland was born on September 21, 1808, in [[Nansemond County, Virginia]] to Thomas Borland, a native of [[Scotland]], and Harriet Godwin Borland.<ref name="PoUSS1856">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Portraits of United States Senators |url=https://archive.org/details/portraitsofunite00trac |location=Claremont, N. H. |publisher=Tracy, Kenney & Company |pages=[https://archive.org/details/portraitsofunite00trac/page/108 108]-09 |date=1856 |ol=OL7023541M |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> When he was a youth, his family moved to [[Murfreesboro, North Carolina]], where he attended Hertford Academy. Borland also studied medicine in [[Philadelphia]] and [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]]. As a captain in 1831, he led a company of Virginia militia forces that were dispatched to [[Southampton County, Virginia|Southampton County]] to fight [[Nat Turner's slave rebellion]].<ref name=Parramore98.10>{{cite book | last = Parramore | first = Dr. Thomas C. | authorlink = Thomas C. Parramore | title = Trial Separation: Murfreesboro, North Carolina and the Civil War | publisher = Murfreesboro Historical Association, Inc. | year = 1998 | location = Murfreesboro, North Carolina | pages = 10 | lccn= 00503566}}</ref> He owned slaves himself.<ref>{{Citation|title=Congress slaveowners|date=2022-01-19|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/interactive/2022/congress-slaveowners-names-list/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2022-07-11}}</ref> |
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==Politics== |
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After the war, Borland was elected as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] to fill the unexpired term of [[Ambrose Hundley Sevier]]. His views were generally of a disunionist version, and he was not popular with many Senate members. During an 1850 debate over Southern rights, he physically attacked [[Mississippi]] Senator [[Henry S. Foote|Henry Foote]]. He discovered soon after his return to [[Little Rock, Arkansas]], that his views were not popular at home, either. In 1852 he opposed the decision of sending [[Matthew C. Perry|Commodore Perry]] to open [[Japan]] to international trade on grounds that the leaders of that country did not offend U.S. interests by refusing to open their country to international trade.<ref>''New York Times'', Apr. 9, 1852</ref> Borland resigned from the United States Senate in 1853 and was appointed as [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Nicaragua|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua)]]. |
After the war, Borland was elected as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] to fill the unexpired term of [[Ambrose Hundley Sevier]]. His views were generally of a disunionist version, and he was not popular with many Senate members. During an 1850 debate over Southern rights, he physically attacked [[Mississippi]] Senator [[Henry S. Foote|Henry Foote]]. He discovered soon after his return to [[Little Rock, Arkansas]], that his views were not popular at home, either. In 1852 he opposed the decision of sending [[Matthew C. Perry|Commodore Perry]] to open [[Japan]] to international trade on grounds that the leaders of that country did not offend U.S. interests by refusing to open their country to international trade.<ref>''New York Times'', Apr. 9, 1852</ref> Borland resigned from the United States Senate in 1853 and was appointed as [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Nicaragua|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua)]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Teske |first=Steven |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Unvarnished_Arkansas/FWvZxuTuIVQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Solon+Borland&pg=PA49&printsec=frontcover |title=Unvarnished Arkansas: The Naked Truth about Nine Famous Arkansans |date=March 2013 |publisher=Butler Center Books |isbn=978-1-935106-47-0 |pages=46–65 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Immediately after his arrival in [[Managua]], Borland called for the U.S. Government to repudiate the [[Clayton–Bulwer Treaty]], and for the American military to support [[Honduras]] in the event of a possible war with Great Britain. In a public address in Nicaragua, he stated that it was his greatest ambition to see Nicaragua "forming a bright star in the flag of the United States". He was reprimanded for this by [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[William Marcy]]. While leaving [[San Juan de Nicaragua|Greytown]] in May, 1854, Borland interfered with the local arrest of an American citizen. A crowd had gathered, and a bottle was thrown which hit Borland in the face. Enraged, he reported the incident to the [[President of the United States|U.S. president]], who promptly dispatched a [[gunboat]], and demanded an apology. When none was given, Greytown [[Bombardment of Greytown|was bombarded and destroyed]]. |
Immediately after his arrival in [[Managua]], Borland called for the U.S. Government to repudiate the [[Clayton–Bulwer Treaty]], and for the American military to support [[Honduras]] in the event of a possible war with Great Britain. In a public address in Nicaragua, he stated that it was his greatest ambition to see Nicaragua "forming a bright star in the flag of the United States". He was reprimanded for this by [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[William Marcy]]. While leaving [[San Juan de Nicaragua|Greytown]] in May, 1854, Borland interfered with the local arrest of an American citizen. A crowd had gathered, and a bottle was thrown which hit Borland in the face. Enraged, he reported the incident to the [[President of the United States|U.S. president]], who promptly dispatched a [[gunboat]], and demanded an apology. When none was given, Greytown [[Bombardment of Greytown|was bombarded and destroyed]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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Borland returned to Little Rock in October 1854, and resumed his medical practice and operation of his [[pharmacy]]. Borland declined a nomination from [[Franklin Pierce|President Pierce]] as [[governor]] of the [[New Mexico Territory]]. However he remained active in local politics, and very vocal as to his views on [[state's rights]] and [[secession]]. |
Borland returned to Little Rock in October 1854, and resumed his medical practice and operation of his [[pharmacy]]. Borland declined a nomination from [[Franklin Pierce|President Pierce]] as [[governor]] of the [[New Mexico Territory]]. However he remained active in local politics, and very vocal as to his views on [[state's rights]] and [[secession]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Military== |
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⚫ | At the start of the American Civil War, Borland was appointed as a commander of Arkansas [[Militia]] by Arkansas Governor [[Henry Massie Rector|Henry M. Rector]], and ordered to lead the expedition that seized [[Fort Smith, Arkansas]], in the first days of the war, despite the fact that Arkansas had not yet seceded. By the time Borland and his forces arrived in Fort Smith, the Federal troops had already departed, and there were no shots fired. He was replaced as commander at the Arkansas Secession convention less than a month later, but he was able to obtain a position as a commander for Northeast Arkansas. For a time in 1861 he commanded the depot at Pitman's Ferry, near [[Pocahontas, Arkansas]], responsible for troop deployments and supplies. Borland's only son with his third wife, George Godwin Borland, had joined the Confederate States Army despite being only 16 years of age, and would later be [[killed in action]]. Borland's first wife, Huldah G. Wright (1809–1837), bore him a son Harold who served in the Confederate States Army as a major, assigned to the Eastern Sub-district of Texas of the [[Trans-Mississippi Department]].<ref>Special Orders #253/14, Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, Confederate States</ref> |
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=== Mexican–American War === |
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⚫ | Borland helped recruit troops for the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] during this period, helping to raise the [[3rd |
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⚫ | During the [[Mexican–American War]], Borland was commissioned [[Major (United States)|major]] of the Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment serving under [[Archibald Yell]]. Borland served throughout the war, having turned over his newspaper business to associates. He was taken as a [[prisoner of war]] by the Mexican army on January 23, 1847, just south of [[Saltillo, Coahuila|Saltillo]]. He escaped,<ref name="PoUSS1856" /> and was discharged when his regiment was disbanded and mustered out in June, but continued in the army as volunteer [[aide-de-camp]] to General [[William J. Worth]] during the remainder of the campaign, from the [[Battle of Molino del Rey]] to the [[Battle for Mexico City|capture of Mexico City]] on September 14, 1847.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer C. |author-link=Spencer C. Tucker |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Encyclopedia_of_the_Mexican_American/OuTNEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Solon+Borland+mexican-american+war&pg=PA80&printsec=frontcover |title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes] |date=2012-10-09 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-85109-854-5 |page=80 |language=en}}</ref> |
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⚫ | While in command of northern Arkansas, he ordered an [[embargo]] of goods to end price [[speculation]], which was rescinded by Governor Rector. Borland protested that a governor could not countermand an order from a Confederate official, but in January 1862 his order was countermanded by the [[Confederate States Secretary of War]] [[Judah P. Benjamin]]. In declining health and resenting that embarrassment, Borland resigned from further service to the Confederacy in June, 1862, moving to [[Dallas County, Arkansas]]. He died |
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⚫ | At the start of the [[American Civil War]], Borland was appointed as a commander of Arkansas [[Militia]] by Arkansas Governor [[Henry Massie Rector|Henry M. Rector]], and ordered to lead the expedition that seized [[Fort Smith, Arkansas]], in the first days of the war, despite the fact that Arkansas had not yet seceded. By the time Borland and his forces arrived in Fort Smith, the Federal troops had already departed, and there were no shots fired. He was replaced as commander at the Arkansas Secession convention less than a month later, but he was able to obtain a position as a commander for Northeast Arkansas. For a time in 1861 he commanded the depot at Pitman's Ferry, near [[Pocahontas, Arkansas]], responsible for troop deployments and supplies. Borland's only son with his third wife, George Godwin Borland, had joined the Confederate States Army despite being only 16 years of age, and would later be [[killed in action]]. Borland's first wife, Huldah G. Wright (1809–1837), bore him a son Harold who served in the Confederate States Army as a major, assigned to the Eastern Sub-district of Texas of the [[Trans-Mississippi Department]].<ref>Special Orders #253/14, Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, Confederate States</ref> |
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⚫ | Borland helped recruit troops for the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] during this period, helping to raise the [[3rd Arkansas Cavalry Regiment]] on June 10, 1861, becoming its first colonel. The regiment was sent to [[Corinth, Mississippi]], but without Borland. It would eventually serve under Major-General [[Joseph Wheeler]], seeing action in the [[Second Battle of Corinth]] and the [[Battle of Hatchie's Bridge]], along with other battles as a part of the [[Army of Mississippi]]. However, Borland never left Arkansas.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Personal life== |
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⚫ | While in command of northern Arkansas, he ordered an [[embargo]] of goods to end price [[speculation]], which was rescinded by Governor Rector. Borland protested that a governor could not countermand an order from a Confederate official, but in January 1862 his order was countermanded by the [[Confederate States Secretary of War]] [[Judah P. Benjamin]]. In declining health and resenting that embarrassment, Borland resigned from further service to the Confederacy in June, 1862, moving to [[Dallas County, Arkansas]]. He died on January 1, 1864, in [[Harris County, Texas]]. His burial place is in the old City Cemetery, [[Houston]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Journalism == |
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⚫ | In 1843, following his second wife's death, Borland moved to Little Rock, where he founded the ''[[Arkansas Banner]]'', which became an influential newspaper in statewide [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] politics. Three years later, Borland challenged the editor of the rival ''[[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]]'', a [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] newspaper, to a [[duel]] due to a [[slander]] published against him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rival Editors Duel After Insults Exchanged - A Title Essay Series |url=https://www.arkansasheritage.com/blog/dah/2023/09/06/rival-editors-duel-after-insults-exchanged---a-title-essay-series |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=DAH Site |language=en}}</ref> |
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In October 1855, Borland, with [[Albert Pike]] and [[Christopher C. Danley]], abandoned the Democratic Party, claiming the party had become abolitionist. Danley, who was an editor for the aformentioned ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette'', took ownership from [[William E. Woodruff (politician)|William E. Woodruff]] and turned it into a mouthpiece for the [[Know Nothing]] party, which Danley and Borland had joined in October 1855.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moneyhon |first=Carl H. |author-link=Carl Moneyhon |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Impact_of_the_Civil_War_and_Reconstr/6Aej-sXoQLYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Christopher+C.+Danley&pg=PA77&printsec=frontcover |title=The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Arkansas: Persistence in the Midst of Ruin |date=2002-01-01 |publisher=University of Arkansas Press |isbn=978-1-55728-735-9 |language=en}}</ref> |
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==See also==<!-- EDITORS NOTE: This section should primarily contain lists linked to the main article which are directly related to the person. Thank you. --> |
==See also==<!-- EDITORS NOTE: This section should primarily contain lists linked to the main article which are directly related to the person. Thank you. --> |
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* [[ |
* [[Arkansas National Guard#List of adjutants general|List of Arkansas adjutants general]] |
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* [[List of Freemasons (A–D)|List of Freemasons]] |
* [[List of Freemasons (A–D)|List of Freemasons]] |
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* [[List of University of Louisville people]] |
* [[List of University of Louisville people]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons category}} |
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WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS. Only a limited number of new links |
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* [https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/solon-borland-1595/ Solon Borland] at ''[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]]'' |
* [https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/solon-borland-1595/ Solon Borland] at ''[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]]'' |
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* {{Find a Grave|id=6920165|name=Solon Borland}} |
* {{Find a Grave|id=6920165|name=Solon Borland}} |
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* [https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/borland-solon Solon Borland] at ''NCPedia'' (NCpedia.org) |
* [https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/borland-solon Solon Borland] at ''NCPedia'' (NCpedia.org) |
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* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/boothby-borunda.html#547.64.18 Solon Borland] at [[The Political Graveyard]] |
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/boothby-borunda.html#547.64.18 Solon Borland] at [[The Political Graveyard]]{{CongBio|B000642}} |
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* {{CongBio|B000642}} |
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* {{Internet Archive author|name=Solon Borland|birth=1808|death=1864}} |
* {{Internet Archive author|name=Solon Borland|birth=1808|death=1864}} |
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* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n90628480}} |
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[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Nicaragua]] |
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[[Category:Physicians from Virginia]] |
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[[Category:American slave owners]] |
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[[Category:United States senators who owned slaves]] |
Latest revision as of 17:52, 7 August 2024
Solon Borland | |
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![]() Portrait of Borland by Mathew Brady | |
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua) | |
In office April 18, 1853 – April 17, 1854 | |
President | Franklin Pierce |
Preceded by | John B. Kerr |
Succeeded by | John H. Wheeler |
United States Senator from Arkansas | |
In office April 24, 1848 – March 3, 1853 | |
Preceded by | Ambrose Hundley Sevier |
Succeeded by | Robert Ward Johnson |
Personal details | |
Born | Nansemond County, Virginia, US | September 21, 1808
Died | January 1, 1864 Harris County, Texas, Confederate States of America | (aged 55)
Resting place | Old City Cemetery, Houston, Texas, US 29°46′06.5″N 95°22′04.6″W / 29.768472°N 95.367944°W |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouses | Hildah Wright
(m. 1831; died 1837)Eliza Buck Hart
(m. 1839; died 1842)Mary Isabel Melbourne
(m. 1845) |
Education | Louisville Medical Institute (MD) |
Military service | |
Allegiance | ![]() ![]() |
Service | |
Years of service |
|
Rank | |
Commands |
|
Battles | |
Monuments | Borland Memorial Marker, Mount Holly Cemetery, Little Rock, Arkansas |
Solon Borland (September 21, 1808 – January 1, 1864) was an American politician, journalist, physician and military officer. He served as a United States Senator from Arkansas from 1848 to 1853. Later in life, he served as an officer of the Confederate States Army including commanded of a cavalry regiment in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War.
Early life
[edit]Solon Borland was born on September 21, 1808, in Nansemond County, Virginia to Thomas Borland, a native of Scotland, and Harriet Godwin Borland.[1] When he was a youth, his family moved to Murfreesboro, North Carolina, where he attended Hertford Academy. Borland also studied medicine in Philadelphia and Louisville. As a captain in 1831, he led a company of Virginia militia forces that were dispatched to Southampton County to fight Nat Turner's slave rebellion.[2] He owned slaves himself.[3]
Politics
[edit]After the war, Borland was elected as a United States Senator to fill the unexpired term of Ambrose Hundley Sevier. His views were generally of a disunionist version, and he was not popular with many Senate members. During an 1850 debate over Southern rights, he physically attacked Mississippi Senator Henry Foote. He discovered soon after his return to Little Rock, Arkansas, that his views were not popular at home, either. In 1852 he opposed the decision of sending Commodore Perry to open Japan to international trade on grounds that the leaders of that country did not offend U.S. interests by refusing to open their country to international trade.[4] Borland resigned from the United States Senate in 1853 and was appointed as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua).[5]
Immediately after his arrival in Managua, Borland called for the U.S. Government to repudiate the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty, and for the American military to support Honduras in the event of a possible war with Great Britain. In a public address in Nicaragua, he stated that it was his greatest ambition to see Nicaragua "forming a bright star in the flag of the United States". He was reprimanded for this by Secretary of State William Marcy. While leaving Greytown in May, 1854, Borland interfered with the local arrest of an American citizen. A crowd had gathered, and a bottle was thrown which hit Borland in the face. Enraged, he reported the incident to the U.S. president, who promptly dispatched a gunboat, and demanded an apology. When none was given, Greytown was bombarded and destroyed.[5]
Borland returned to Little Rock in October 1854, and resumed his medical practice and operation of his pharmacy. Borland declined a nomination from President Pierce as governor of the New Mexico Territory. However he remained active in local politics, and very vocal as to his views on state's rights and secession.[5]
Military
[edit]Mexican–American War
[edit]During the Mexican–American War, Borland was commissioned major of the Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment serving under Archibald Yell. Borland served throughout the war, having turned over his newspaper business to associates. He was taken as a prisoner of war by the Mexican army on January 23, 1847, just south of Saltillo. He escaped,[1] and was discharged when his regiment was disbanded and mustered out in June, but continued in the army as volunteer aide-de-camp to General William J. Worth during the remainder of the campaign, from the Battle of Molino del Rey to the capture of Mexico City on September 14, 1847.[6]
American Civil War
[edit]At the start of the American Civil War, Borland was appointed as a commander of Arkansas Militia by Arkansas Governor Henry M. Rector, and ordered to lead the expedition that seized Fort Smith, Arkansas, in the first days of the war, despite the fact that Arkansas had not yet seceded. By the time Borland and his forces arrived in Fort Smith, the Federal troops had already departed, and there were no shots fired. He was replaced as commander at the Arkansas Secession convention less than a month later, but he was able to obtain a position as a commander for Northeast Arkansas. For a time in 1861 he commanded the depot at Pitman's Ferry, near Pocahontas, Arkansas, responsible for troop deployments and supplies. Borland's only son with his third wife, George Godwin Borland, had joined the Confederate States Army despite being only 16 years of age, and would later be killed in action. Borland's first wife, Huldah G. Wright (1809–1837), bore him a son Harold who served in the Confederate States Army as a major, assigned to the Eastern Sub-district of Texas of the Trans-Mississippi Department.[7]
Borland helped recruit troops for the Confederacy during this period, helping to raise the 3rd Arkansas Cavalry Regiment on June 10, 1861, becoming its first colonel. The regiment was sent to Corinth, Mississippi, but without Borland. It would eventually serve under Major-General Joseph Wheeler, seeing action in the Second Battle of Corinth and the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge, along with other battles as a part of the Army of Mississippi. However, Borland never left Arkansas.[5]
While in command of northern Arkansas, he ordered an embargo of goods to end price speculation, which was rescinded by Governor Rector. Borland protested that a governor could not countermand an order from a Confederate official, but in January 1862 his order was countermanded by the Confederate States Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin. In declining health and resenting that embarrassment, Borland resigned from further service to the Confederacy in June, 1862, moving to Dallas County, Arkansas. He died on January 1, 1864, in Harris County, Texas. His burial place is in the old City Cemetery, Houston.[5]
Journalism
[edit]In 1843, following his second wife's death, Borland moved to Little Rock, where he founded the Arkansas Banner, which became an influential newspaper in statewide Democratic Party politics. Three years later, Borland challenged the editor of the rival Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, a Whig newspaper, to a duel due to a slander published against him.[8]
In October 1855, Borland, with Albert Pike and Christopher C. Danley, abandoned the Democratic Party, claiming the party had become abolitionist. Danley, who was an editor for the aformentioned Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, took ownership from William E. Woodruff and turned it into a mouthpiece for the Know Nothing party, which Danley and Borland had joined in October 1855.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Portraits of United States Senators. Claremont, N. H.: Tracy, Kenney & Company. 1856. pp. 108-09. OL 7023541M – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Parramore, Dr. Thomas C. (1998). Trial Separation: Murfreesboro, North Carolina and the Civil War. Murfreesboro, North Carolina: Murfreesboro Historical Association, Inc. p. 10. LCCN 00503566.
- ^ "Congress slaveowners", The Washington Post, January 19, 2022, retrieved July 11, 2022
- ^ New York Times, Apr. 9, 1852
- ^ a b c d e Teske, Steven (March 2013). Unvarnished Arkansas: The Naked Truth about Nine Famous Arkansans. Butler Center Books. pp. 46–65. ISBN 978-1-935106-47-0.
- ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (October 9, 2012). The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-85109-854-5.
- ^ Special Orders #253/14, Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, Confederate States
- ^ "Rival Editors Duel After Insults Exchanged - A Title Essay Series". DAH Site. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ Moneyhon, Carl H. (January 1, 2002). The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Arkansas: Persistence in the Midst of Ruin. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1-55728-735-9.
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Solon Borland at Encyclopedia of Arkansas
- Solon Borland at Find a Grave
- Solon Borland at NCPedia (NCpedia.org)
- Solon Borland at The Political Graveyard
- United States Congress. "Solon Borland (id: B000642)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Works by or about Solon Borland at the Internet Archive
- 1808 births
- 1864 deaths
- People from Nansemond County, Virginia
- American people of Scottish descent
- Pierce administration personnel
- Democratic Party United States senators from Arkansas
- Fire-Eaters
- Adjutants General of Arkansas
- Ambassadors of the United States to Nicaragua
- Physicians from Virginia
- American Freemasons
- American male non-fiction writers
- American political journalists
- Editors of Arkansas newspapers
- Editors of Tennessee newspapers
- Writers from Arkansas
- American duellists
- 19th-century American diplomats
- 19th-century American male writers
- 19th-century American newspaper editors
- 19th-century American non-fiction writers
- 19th-century American physicians
- University of Louisville School of Medicine alumni
- American militia officers
- United States Army officers
- American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
- Mexican–American War prisoners of war held by Mexico
- Confederate States Army officers
- Cavalry commanders
- People of Arkansas in the American Civil War
- Infectious disease deaths in Texas
- Burials in Texas
- United States senators who owned slaves