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{{short description|Policy on permits required to enter Turkmenistan}}
{{short description|Policy on permits required to enter Turkmenistan}}
{{Politics of Turkmenistan}}
{{Politics of Turkmenistan}}
In accordance with the law, citizens of all countries require a visa to visit '''[[Turkmenistan]]''', unless they have [[#Non-ordinary_passports|special passports]] or [[#Special_visa_exemptions|are from certain parts]] of Kazakhstan or Uzbekistan.<ref name=Timatic>{{Timatic Visa Policy|country=TM|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> To obtain a tourist visa for Turkmenistan, all foreign nationals must supply an invitation letter issued by a travel agency licensed in Turkmenistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://migration.gov.tm/ru/information/poluchenie-vizy-spisok-neobhodimyh-dokumentov/|title=Получение визы. Список необходимых документов — ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ МИГРАЦИОННАЯ СЛУЖБА ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА|website=migration.gov.tm|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
In accordance with the law, citizens of all countries require a visa to enter '''[[Turkmenistan]]''' unless they have [[#Non-ordinary_passports|special passports]]. To obtain a tourist visa for Turkmenistan, all foreign citizens must supply an invitation letter issued by a travel agency licensed in Turkmenistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://migration.gov.tm/services/wiza-we-is-rugsatnamasy-16847397661914537|title=Visa information}}</ref>


Holders of a letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan with a prior approval from the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkmenistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] can obtain a visa on arrival valid for 10 days, and extendable for another 10 days.<ref name=Timatic />
Holders of a letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan with a prior approval from the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkmenistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] may obtain a visa on arrival valid for 10 days, and extendable for another 10 days.<ref name="Timatic"/>


==Visa policy map==
Citizens of all countries have the right to visa-free transit through the international transit area of [[Ashgabat International Airport]].<ref name=Timatic />
⚫
[[File:World map of the visa policy of Turkmenistan.png|center|800px]]


== Visa policy map ==
==Visa exemption==
⚫
* {{flagicon|UN}} [[United Nations Laissez-Passer]] — From 2023, foreign citizens with UN passports were allowed up to 30 calendar days from the date of arrival in Turkmenistan without a visa to come to Turkmenistan, stay in it, travel outside it, cross the border, and cross the territory in transit the territory of Turkmenistan. Foreign citizens who are employees of the United Nations or its specialized agencies accredited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan, as well as members of their families, were exempt from visa issuance during the period of work in Turkmenistan.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://turkmenportal.com/en/blog/34773/the-president-of-turkmenistan-has-simplified-the-visa-regime-for-un-staff | title=The President of Turkmenistan has simplified the visa regime for UN staff &#124; Politics | date=8 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.trend.az/casia/turkmenistan/3388239.html | title=Turkmenistan opens visa-free regime for UN staff | date=March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/34824/oficialnomu-predstavitelyu-oon-vruchena-verbalnaya-nota-o-bezvizovom-vezde-v-turkmenistan | title=Официальному представителю ООН вручена вербальная нота о безвизовом въезде в Туркменистан &#124; Политика | date=8 June 2023 }}</ref>
⚫
[[File:World map of the visa policy of Turkmenistan.png|center|560px]]

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
⚫
==Non-ordinary passports==
⚫
|-
⚫
[[File:Visa policy of Turkmenistan for holders of diplomatic and service category passports.svg|800px|thumbnail|center|{{legend|#d22630|Turkmenistan}}{{legend|#00843d|Visa not required for holders of diplomatic and service passports}}{{legend|#2533dd|Visa not required for holders of diplomatic passports}}{{legend|#ffc72c|Visa on arrival for holders of diplomatic passports}}]]
!style="width:100%;";"|Date of visa changes
⚫
Holders of diplomatic, official and service passports of [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus]], [[Bulgaria]], [[China]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Hungary]], [[Iran]], [[Japan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Moldova]], [[Mongolia]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Singapore]], [[Slovakia]], [[South Korea]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkey]], [[Ukraine]], [[United Arab Emirates]] and holders of diplomatic passports of [[Estonia]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]] do not require a visa to visit Turkmenistan for up to 30 days each visit.<ref name=Timatic>{{Timatic Visa Policy|country=TM|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> Holders of diplomatic passports of [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]] may obtain a free visa on arrival.<ref name=Timatic />
⚫
|-
|
* 1 January 2003 (partly resumed): Partly visa liberalization and free regime for residents of some regions and counties of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Cancelled:
* 1 January 1993: [[Albania]], [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Cuba]], [[Croatia]], [[Czechia]], [[Estonia]], [[Hungary]], [[Laos]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[North Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Mongolia]], [[North Korea]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Vietnam]], [[Serbia and Montenegro|Yugoslavia]].
* 9 June 1999: [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Moldova]], [[Russia]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Ukraine]], [[Uzbekistan]].
* 1 January 2013: Partly visa liberalization and free regime cancelled for residents of some regions and counties of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
|}


==Special permits==
==Special permit==
A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: [[Kerki]], [[Hazar, Turkmenistan|Hazar]], [[Dashoguz]], [[Serakhs]] and [[Serhetabat]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=TM&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-01-11 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140314003610/https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=TM&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C |archive-date=2014-03-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: [[Kerki]], [[Hazar, Turkmenistan|Hazar]], [[Dashoguz]], [[Serakhs]] and [[Serhetabat]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=TM&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-01-11 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140314003610/https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=TM&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C |archive-date=2014-03-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Admission restrictions==
==Special visa exemptions in 2003-2013 ==
Entry and transit is refused to holders of passports of the following jurisdictions:
From 2003 to 2013, citizens of some regions of neighboring [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Kazakhstan]] could visit Turkmenistan without a visa with certain conditions.
{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
* {{flag|Kazakhstan}} — residents (only citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of [[Atyrau Province|Atyrau Oblys]] and [[Mangystau Province|Mangystau Oblys]] have visa free access to [[Balkan Region|Balkan Velayat]] for up to 5 days in 2003-2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z020000283_|title=О ратификации Соглашения между Правительством Республики Казахстан и Правительством Туркменистана о взаимных поездках граждан - ИПС "Әділет"|website=adilet.zan.kz|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
* {{flag|Uzbekistan}} — in 2003-2013 residents (only citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan) of [[Xorazm Province|Khorazm Vilayat]] and [[Bukhara Province|Bukhara Vilayat]] as well as residents of [[Amudaryo District|Amudarya]], [[Xo‘jayli District|Khujayli]], [[Shumanay District|Shumanay]], [[Qo‘ng‘irot District|Qunghirat]] districts and [[Taxiatosh|Takhiatash]] city of autonomous [[Karakalpakstan|Republic of Karakalpakstan]] and residents of [[Dehkanabad District|Dehqanabad]], [[Guzar District|Ghuzar]], [[Nishon District|Nishan]] and [[Myrishkor District|Mirishkar]] districts of [[Qashqadaryo Province|Qashqadarya Vilayat]] and residents of [[Sherobod District|Sherabad]] and [[Muzrabot District|Muzrabat]] districts of [[Surxondaryo Province|Surkhandarya Vilayat]] have visa free access for up to 3 days within any month period. During [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]] the access is allowed twice a month, but no more than 7 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/14748|title=С ВИЗАМИ И БЕЗ... - Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
⚫
|
⚫
* {{flag|UN}} [[United Nations laissez-passer]] — from 2003 foreign nationals with UN passports are allowed up to 30 (thirty) calendar days from the date of arrival in Turkmenistan without a visa to come to Turkmenistan, stay in it, travel outside it, cross the border, and cross the territory in transit the territory of Turkmenistan. Foreign nationals who are employees of the United Nations or its specialized agencies accredited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan, as well as members of their families, are exempt from visa issuance during the period of work in Turkmenistan.<ref>https://turkmenportal.com/en/blog/34773/the-president-of-turkmenistan-has-simplified-the-visa-regime-for-un-staff</ref><ref>https://en.trend.az/casia/turkmenistan/3388239.html</ref><ref>https://turkmenportal.com/blog/34824/oficialnomu-predstavitelyu-oon-vruchena-verbalnaya-nota-o-bezvizovom-vezde-v-turkmenistan</ref>
* {{flag|Abkhazia}}

* {{flag|Kosovo}}
⚫
==Non-ordinary passports==
* {{flag|Northern Cyprus}}
⚫
[[File:Visa policy of Turkmenistan for holders of diplomatic and service category passports.png|450px|thumbnail|center|{{legend|#d22630|Turkmenistan}}{{legend|#00843d|Visa-free for holders of diplomatic and service category passports}}{{legend|#2533dd|Visa-free for holders of diplomatic passports}}{{legend|#ffc72c|Visa on arrival for holders of diplomatic passports}}]]
* {{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}
⚫
Holders of diplomatic or service category passports of [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus]], [[Bulgaria]], [[China]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Hungary]], [[Iran]], [[Japan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Moldova]], [[Mongolia]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Slovakia]], [[South Korea]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkey]], [[Ukraine]], [[United Arab Emirates]] and holders of diplomatic passports of [[Estonia]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]] do not require a visa to visit Turkmenistan.<ref name=Timatic /> Holders of diplomatic passports of [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]] may obtain a free visa on arrival.<ref name=Timatic />
|valign=top|

* {{flag|Somaliland}}
A mutual visa exemption agreement for diplomatic, service and official passports was signed with {{flag|Singapore}} in August 2019; however, it has yet to be ratified.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore inks three pacts with Turkmenistan during state visit of its leader |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-inks-three-pacts-with-turkmenistan-during-state-visit-of-its-leader |website=The Straits Times |publisher=The Straits Times |access-date=31 August 2019 |language=en |date=27 August 2019 |quote=Two were on the avoidance of double taxation and mutual exemption of visa requirements for diplomatic, official or service passport holders, and the other was a memorandum of understanding on legal cooperation.}}</ref>
* {{flag|South Ossetia}}
* {{flag|Transnistria}}
⚫
|}


==Visitor statistics==
==Statistics==
[[File:Ashgabat Airport (36075375061).jpg|thumb|right|360px|Ashgabat International Airport]]
[[File:Ashgabat Airport (36075375061).jpg|thumb|right|[[Ashgabat International Airport]]]]
[[Turkmenistan]] is one of the most closed countries in the world. Very few foreigners are granted a Turkmenistani visa. Directly after independence, in the 1990s, Turkmenistan was a slightly more open country than it is now, and in 1998, for example, 300,000 foreigners visited the country. Between 2000 and 2013, however, the number of visas issued was tiny fitting a policy of [[isolationism]], the [[Neutral country|neutral status]] of Turkmenistan and the [[dictatorship]] in that country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/feature/2018/11/14/v-turkmenii-seychas-diktatura-a-kak-tam-zhivut-lyudi-mozhno-li-priehat-v-ahshhabad-turistom|title=В Туркмении сейчас диктатура? А как там живут люди? Можно ли приехать в Ашхабад туристом? Стыдные вопросы про одну из самых закрытых стран в мире|website=Meduza.io|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>
[[Turkmenistan]] is generally considered one of the most isolationist and least visited countries in the world. In comparison with other countries with strict visa policies, very few foreigners are granted a Turkmenistani visa. Directly after independence, in the 1990s, Turkmenistan was a slightly more open country than it is now, and in 1998, for example, 300,000 foreigners visited the country. Between 2000 and 2013, however, the number of visas issued decreased significantly, due to the enacted [[isolationism]], the [[government of Turkmenistan|Turkmen government]]'s self-professed [[Neutral country|neutral status]] and [[totalitarianism|totalitarian]] regime.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/feature/2018/11/14/v-turkmenii-seychas-diktatura-a-kak-tam-zhivut-lyudi-mozhno-li-priehat-v-ahshhabad-turistom|title=В Туркмении сейчас диктатура? А как там живут люди? Можно ли приехать в Ашхабад туристом? Стыдные вопросы про одну из самых закрытых стран в мире|website=Meduza.io|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year || Visitors
! Year || Visitors
|-
|-
| <center>1992—1994</center> || <center>''No data''</center>
| {{center|1992—1994}} || {{center|''No data''}}
|-
|-
| <center>1995</center> || {{increase}} 218,000<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL?locations=TM|title=International tourism, number of arrivals: Turkmenistan|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>
| {{center|1995}} || {{increase}} 218,000<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL?locations=TM|title=International tourism, number of arrivals: Turkmenistan|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|-
| <center>1996</center> || {{decrease}} 217,000<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|1996}} || {{decrease}} 217,000<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>1997</center> || {{increase}} 257,000<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|1997}} || {{increase}} 257,000<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>1998</center> || {{increase}} 300,000<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|1998}} || {{increase}} 300,000<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>1999</center> || <center>''No data''</center>
| {{center|1999}} || {{center|''No data''}}
|-
|-
| <center>2000</center> || {{decrease}} 3,256<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.tm/assets/social/Yearbook_2012.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330004449/http://www.stat.gov.tm/assets/social/Yearbook_2012.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 March 2014|title=Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan (Page 280)|website=stat.gov.tm|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref>
| {{center|2000}} || {{decrease}} 3,256<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.tm/assets/social/Yearbook_2012.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330004449/http://www.stat.gov.tm/assets/social/Yearbook_2012.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 March 2014|title=Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan (Page 280)|website=stat.gov.tm|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|-
| <center>2001</center> || {{increase}} 5,200<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|2001}} || {{increase}} 5,200<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2002</center> || {{increase}} 10,800<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|2002}} || {{increase}} 10,800<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2003</center> || {{decrease}} 8,200<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|2003}} || {{decrease}} 8,200<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2004</center> || {{increase}} 14,800<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|2004}} || {{increase}} 14,800<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2005</center> || {{decrease}} 11,600<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|2005}} || {{decrease}} 11,600<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2006</center> || {{decrease}} 5,600<ref name="auto"/>
| {{center|2006}} || {{decrease}} 5,600<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2007</center> || {{increase}} 8,177<ref name="auto1"/>
| {{center|2007}} || {{increase}} 8,177<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2008</center> || {{increase}} 9,777<ref name="auto1"/>
| {{center|2008}} || {{increase}} 9,777<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2009</center> || {{decrease}} 7,628<ref name="auto1"/>
| {{center|2009}} || {{decrease}} 7,628<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2010</center> || {{increase}} 9,631<ref name="auto1"/>
| {{center|2010}} || {{increase}} 9,631<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2011</center> || {{decrease}} 8,687<ref name="auto1"/>
| {{center|2011}} || {{decrease}} 8,687<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2012—2013</center> || <center>''No data''</center>
| {{center|2012—2013}} || {{center|''No data''}}
|-
|-
| <center>2014</center> || {{increase}} More 110,000<ref name="auto2">Approximate numbers</ref>
| {{center|2014}} || {{increase}} More 110,000<ref name="auto2">Approximate numbers</ref>
|-
|-
| <center>2015</center> || {{increase}} More 110,000<ref name="auto2"/>
| {{center|2015}} || {{increase}} More 110,000<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2016</center> || {{increase}} More 130,000<ref name="auto2"/>
| {{center|2016}} || {{increase}} More 130,000<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2017</center> || {{increase}} More 130,000<ref name="auto2"/>
| {{center|2017}} || {{increase}} More 130,000<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|-
| <center>2018</center> || {{increase}} More 130,000<ref name="auto2"/>
| {{center|2018}} || {{increase}} More 130,000<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|-
| Total (1995-1998, 2000-2011 and 2014-2018) || More 1,700,000<ref name="auto2"/>
| Total (1995-1998, 2000-2011 and 2014-2018) || More 1,700,000<ref name="auto2"/>
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Country || 2018 || 2017 || 2016 || 2015 || 2014 || 2011<ref name="auto1"/> || 2010<ref name="auto1"/> || 2009<ref name="auto1"/> || 2008<ref name="auto1"/> || 2007<ref name="auto1"/> || 2000<ref name="auto1"/>
! Country || 2018 || 2017 || 2016 || 2015 || 2014 || 2011<ref name="auto1"/> || 2010<ref name="auto1"/> || 2009<ref name="auto1"/> || 2008<ref name="auto1"/> || 2007<ref name="auto1"/> || 2000<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|-
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || {{increase}} 108,288<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5384-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2018-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2018 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || {{increase}} 105,269<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5386-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2017-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2017 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || {{increase}} 98,176<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5388-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2016-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2016 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || {{increase}} 96,604<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5390-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2015-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2015 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || <center>77,387<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5392-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2014-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2014 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref></center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center>
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || {{increase}} 108,288<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5384-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2018-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2018 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || {{increase}} 105,269<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5386-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2017-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2017 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || {{increase}} 98,176<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5388-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2016-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2016 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || {{increase}} 96,604<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5390-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2015-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2015 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || 77,387<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/ru/266-ofytsyalnaia-statystyka-ru/sotsyalnaia-sfera-ru/turyzm-ru/5392-raspredelenie-po-stranam-chisla-grazhdan-respubliki-uzbekistan-vyekhavshikh-iz-respubliki-uzbekistan-v-2014-godu|title=Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2014 году|website=stat.uz|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data''
|-
|-
| {{flag|Iran}} || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{increase}} 3,874</center> || <center>{{increase}} 3,397</center> || <center>{{increase}} 2,391</center> || <center>{{increase}} 2,355</center> || <center>2,133</center> || <center>122</center>
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Iran}} || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{increase}} 3,874 || {{increase}} 3,397 || {{increase}} 2,391 || {{increase}} 2,355 || 2,133 || 122
|-
|-
| {{flag|Germany}} || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 1,143</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 1,277</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 1,392</center> || <center>{{increase}} 1,576</center> || <center>1,338</center> || <center>270</center>
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Germany}} || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{decrease}} 1,143 || {{decrease}} 1,277 || {{decrease}} 1,392 || {{increase}} 1,576 || 1,338 || 270
|-
|-
| {{flag|United States}} || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 531</center> || <center>{{increase}} 660</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 535</center> || <center>{{increase}} 663</center> || <center>566</center> || <center>430</center>
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|United States}} || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{decrease}} 531 || {{increase}} 660 || {{decrease}} 535 || {{increase}} 663 || 566 || 430
|-
|-
| {{flag|Italy}} || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 277</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 392</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 412</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 595</center> || <center>600</center> || <center>340</center>
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Italy}} || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{decrease}} 277 || {{decrease}} 392 || {{decrease}} 412 || {{decrease}} 595 || 600 || 340
|-
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 253</center> || <center>{{increase}} 388</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 344</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 508</center> || <center>537</center> || <center>282</center>
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Japan}} || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{decrease}} 253 || {{increase}} 388 || {{decrease}} 344 || {{decrease}} 508 || 537 || 282
|-
|-
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{increase}} 245</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 238</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 296</center> || <center>{{increase}} 439</center> || <center>160</center> || <center>95</center>
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Netherlands}} || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{increase}} 245 || {{decrease}} 238 || {{decrease}} 296 || {{increase}} 439 || 160 || 95
|-
|-
| {{flag|France}} || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 212</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 230</center> || <center>{{increase}} 315</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 232</center> || <center>682</center> || <center>650</center>
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|France}} || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{decrease}} 212 || {{decrease}} 230 || {{increase}} 315 || {{decrease}} 232 || 682 || 650
|-
|-
| [[File:Flag of the United Nations.svg|23px]] [[List of sovereign states|Other]] || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 2,080</center> || <center>{{increase}} 2,799</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 1,803</center> || <center>{{increase}} 3,313</center> || <center>2,081</center> || <center>999</center>
| style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of the United Nations.svg|23px]] [[List of sovereign states|Other]] || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{decrease}} 2,080 || {{increase}} 2,799 || {{decrease}} 1,803 || {{increase}} 3,313 || 2,081 || 999
|-
|-
| <center>'''Total'''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>''No data''</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 8,697</center> || <center>{{increase}} 9,631</center> || <center>{{decrease}} 7,628</center> || <center>{{increase}} 9,777</center> || <center>8,177</center> || <center>3,256</center>
| '''Total''' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || ''No data'' || {{decrease}} 8,697 || {{increase}} 9,631 || {{decrease}} 7,628 || {{increase}} 9,777 || 8,177 || 3,256
|}
|}


==== Citizens of the Russian Federation ====
===Citizens of the Russian Federation===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Country || 2021<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2020<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2019<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2018<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2017<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2016<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2015<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2014<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2013<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2012<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2011<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref> || 2010<ref>[https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480 fedstat.ru]</ref>
! Country || 2021<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/38480|title=fedstat.ru}}</ref> || 2020<ref name="auto3"/> || 2019<ref name="auto3"/> || 2018<ref name="auto3"/> || 2017<ref name="auto3"/> || 2016<ref name="auto3"/> || 2015<ref name="auto3"/> || 2014<ref name="auto3"/> || 2013<ref name="auto3"/> || 2012<ref name="auto3"/> || 2011<ref name="auto3"/> || 2010<ref name="auto3"/>
|-
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} || {{decrease}} 6,096 || {{decrease}} 11,322 || {{increase}} 30,504 || {{increase}} 28,127 || {{decrease}} 27,490 || {{increase}} 29,047 || {{decrease}} 28,470 || {{decrease}} 29,530 || {{decrease}} 34,494 || {{decrease}} 36,387 || {{decrease}} 42,664 || 45,052
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Russia}} || {{decrease}} 6,096 || {{decrease}} 11,322 || {{increase}} 30,504 || {{increase}} 28,127 || {{decrease}} 27,490 || {{increase}} 29,047 || {{decrease}} 28,470 || {{decrease}} 29,530 || {{decrease}} 34,494 || {{decrease}} 36,387 || {{decrease}} 42,664 || 45,052
|}
|}


Revision as of 21:26, 14 July 2024

Politics of Turkmenistan

In accordance with the law, citizens of all countries require a visa to enter Turkmenistan unless they have special passports. To obtain a tourist visa for Turkmenistan, all foreign citizens must supply an invitation letter issued by a travel agency licensed in Turkmenistan.[1]

Holders of a letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan with a prior approval from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs may obtain a visa on arrival valid for 10 days, and extendable for another 10 days.[2]

Visa policy map

Visa exemption

  • United Nations United Nations Laissez-Passer — From 2023, foreign citizens with UN passports were allowed up to 30 calendar days from the date of arrival in Turkmenistan without a visa to come to Turkmenistan, stay in it, travel outside it, cross the border, and cross the territory in transit the territory of Turkmenistan. Foreign citizens who are employees of the United Nations or its specialized agencies accredited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan, as well as members of their families, were exempt from visa issuance during the period of work in Turkmenistan.[3][4][5]

Non-ordinary passports

  Turkmenistan
  Visa not required for holders of diplomatic and service passports
  Visa not required for holders of diplomatic passports
  Visa on arrival for holders of diplomatic passports

Holders of diplomatic, official and service passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Korea, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and holders of diplomatic passports of Estonia, India, Pakistan and Uzbekistan do not require a visa to visit Turkmenistan for up to 30 days each visit.[2] Holders of diplomatic passports of Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States may obtain a free visa on arrival.[2]

Special permit

A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Kerki, Hazar, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[6]

Admission restrictions

Entry and transit is refused to holders of passports of the following jurisdictions:

Visitor statistics

Ashgabat International Airport

Turkmenistan is generally considered one of the most isolationist and least visited countries in the world. In comparison with other countries with strict visa policies, very few foreigners are granted a Turkmenistani visa. Directly after independence, in the 1990s, Turkmenistan was a slightly more open country than it is now, and in 1998, for example, 300,000 foreigners visited the country. Between 2000 and 2013, however, the number of visas issued decreased significantly, due to the enacted isolationism, the Turkmen government's self-professed neutral status and totalitarian regime.[7]

Year Visitors
1992—1994
No data
1995
 Increase 218,000[8]
1996
 Decrease 217,000[8]
1997
 Increase 257,000[8]
1998
 Increase 300,000[8]
1999
No data
2000
 Decrease 3,256[9]
2001
 Increase 5,200[8]
2002
 Increase 10,800[8]
2003
 Decrease 8,200[8]
2004
 Increase 14,800[8]
2005
 Decrease 11,600[8]
2006
 Decrease 5,600[8]
2007
 Increase 8,177[9]
2008
 Increase 9,777[9]
2009
 Decrease 7,628[9]
2010
 Increase 9,631[9]
2011
 Decrease 8,687[9]
2012—2013
No data
2014
 Increase More 110,000[10]
2015
 Increase More 110,000[10]
2016
 Increase More 130,000[10]
2017
 Increase More 130,000[10]
2018
 Increase More 130,000[10]
Total (1995-1998, 2000-2011 and 2014-2018) More 1,700,000[10]
Country 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2011[9] 2010[9] 2009[9] 2008[9] 2007[9] 2000[9]
 Uzbekistan Increase 108,288[11] Increase 105,269[12] Increase 98,176[13] Increase 96,604[14] 77,387[15] No data No data No data No data No data No data
 Iran No data No data No data No data No data Increase 3,874 Increase 3,397 Increase 2,391 Increase 2,355 2,133 122
 Germany No data No data No data No data No data Decrease 1,143 Decrease 1,277 Decrease 1,392 Increase 1,576 1,338 270
 United States No data No data No data No data No data Decrease 531 Increase 660 Decrease 535 Increase 663 566 430
 Italy No data No data No data No data No data Decrease 277 Decrease 392 Decrease 412 Decrease 595 600 340
 Japan No data No data No data No data No data Decrease 253 Increase 388 Decrease 344 Decrease 508 537 282
 Netherlands No data No data No data No data No data Increase 245 Decrease 238 Decrease 296 Increase 439 160 95
 France No data No data No data No data No data Decrease 212 Decrease 230 Increase 315 Decrease 232 682 650
Other No data No data No data No data No data Decrease 2,080 Increase 2,799 Decrease 1,803 Increase 3,313 2,081 999
Total No data No data No data No data No data Decrease 8,697 Increase 9,631 Decrease 7,628 Increase 9,777 8,177 3,256

Citizens of the Russian Federation

Country 2021[16] 2020[16] 2019[16] 2018[16] 2017[16] 2016[16] 2015[16] 2014[16] 2013[16] 2012[16] 2011[16] 2010[16]
 Russia Decrease 6,096 Decrease 11,322 Increase 30,504 Increase 28,127 Decrease 27,490 Increase 29,047 Decrease 28,470 Decrease 29,530 Decrease 34,494 Decrease 36,387 Decrease 42,664 45,052

See also

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Turkmenistan.

References

  1. ^ "Visa information".
  2. ^ a b c "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  3. ^ "The President of Turkmenistan has simplified the visa regime for UN staff | Politics". 8 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Turkmenistan opens visa-free regime for UN staff". March 2021.
  5. ^ "Официальному представителю ООН вручена вербальная нота о безвизовом въезде в Туркменистан | Политика". 8 June 2023.
  6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-03-14. Retrieved 2016-01-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ "В Туркмении сейчас диктатура? А как там живут люди? Можно ли приехать в Ашхабад туристом? Стыдные вопросы про одну из самых закрытых стран в мире". Meduza.io. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "International tourism, number of arrivals: Turkmenistan". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan (Page 280)" (PDF). stat.gov.tm. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Approximate numbers
  11. ^ "Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2018 году". stat.uz. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  12. ^ "Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2017 году". stat.uz. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  13. ^ "Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2016 году". stat.uz. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  14. ^ "Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2015 году". stat.uz. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  15. ^ "Распределение по странам числа граждан Республики Узбекистан, выехавших из Республики Узбекистан в 2014 году". stat.uz. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "fedstat.ru".
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