Potassium iodate: Difference between revisions

Potassium iodate
Names
	IUPAC name Potassium iodate
	Other names Iodic acid, potassium salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	7758-05-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	22856 ;
DrugBank	DB15923;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.938
EC Number	231-831-9;
E number	E917 (glazing agents, ...)
PubChem CID	23665710;
RTECS number	NN1350000;
UNII	I139E44NHL ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5058480 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/HIO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/HIO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-REWHXWOFAL;
	SMILES [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	KIO3
Molar mass	214.001 g/mol
Appearance	white crystalline powder
Odor	odorless
Density	3.89 g/cm3
Melting point	560 °C (1,040 °F; 833 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) ; 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) ; 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility	soluble in KI solution ; insoluble in alcohol, liquid ammonia, nitric acid
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−63.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Hazard statements	H272, H302, H318
Precautionary statements	P210, P280, P301+P312+P330, P305+P351+P338+P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 2 OX
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium chlorate; Potassium bromate
Other cations	Sodium iodate
Related compounds	Potassium iodide; Potassium periodate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 10:30, 18 April 2024

Potassium iodate (K I O₃) is an ionic inorganic compound with the formula KIO₃. It is a white salt that is soluble in water.^[1]

Preparation and properties

It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with iodic acid, for example:^[1]

HIO₃ + KOH → KIO₃ + H₂O

It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide:^[1]

3 I₂ + 6 KOH → KIO₃ + 5 KI + 3 H₂O

Or by fusing potassium iodide with potassium chlorate, bromate or perchlorate, the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization:^[2]

KI + KClO₃ → KIO₃ + KCl

The analogous reaction with potassium hypochlorite is also possible:^[3]

KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO₃

Conditions/substances to avoid include: heat, shock, friction,^[4] combustible materials,^[1] reducing materials, aluminium,^[4] organic compounds,^[1] carbon, hydrogen peroxide and sulfides.^[4]

Applications

Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent iodine deficiency. In the US, iodized salt contains antioxidants, because atmospheric oxygen can oxidize wet iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead.^[5] Salt mixed with ferrous fumarate and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies.^[6] Potassium iodate is also used to provide iodine in some baby formula.^[7]

Like potassium bromate, potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking.^[8]

Radiation protection

Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure.^[9] Approved by the World Health Organization for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO₃) is an alternative to potassium iodide (KI), which has poor shelf life in hot and humid climates.^[10] The UK, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the U.S. states Idaho and Utah all maintain potassium iodate tablets towards this end.^{[citation needed]} Following the September 11 attacks, the government of Ireland issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose.^[11]

Recommended Dosage for Radiological Emergencies involving radioactive iodine^[12]
Age	KI in mg	KIO₃ in mg
Over 12 years old	130	170
3 – 12 years old	65	85
1 – 36 months old	32	42
< 1 month old	16	21

Potassium iodate is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker, and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.^[13]^[14]

Safety

Potassium iodate is an oxidizing agent and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lyday, Phyllis A.; Kaiho Tatsuo (26 November 2015). "Iodine and Iodine Compounds". In Ley, Claudia (ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. 9. doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_381.pub2. ISBN 9783527306732.
^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
^ Andrews, Launcelot W. (July 1903). "Titrations with potassium iodide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 25 (7). Easton, Pennsylvania: US Postal Service: 756. doi:10.1021/ja02009a012 – via HathiTrust.
^ ^a ^b ^c Regulatory Affairs (23 March 2023). "Safety Data Sheet" (Potassium iodate MSDS) (5 ed.). Fair Lawn, NJ: Thermo Fisher Scientific. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
^ Arroyave, Guillermo; Pineda, Oscar; Scrimshaw, Nevin S. (1956) [May 1955]. "The stability of potassium iodate in crude table salt". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 14 (1): 183–185. PMC 2538103. PMID 13329845.
^ Diosady, Levente L.; Mannar, M.G. Venkatesh; Krishnaswamy, Kiruba (2019). "Improving the lives of millions through new double fortification of salt technology". Maternal & Child Nutrition. 15 (Suppl 3): e12773. doi:10.1111/mcn.12773. PMC 6594086. PMID 31148400.
^ James, Maia (2023-04-04). "Best Baby Formula Guide". Gimme the Good Stuff. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
^ Carson, Lin (ed.). "Potassium iodate". BAKERpedia. Portland, OR. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
^ Astbury, John; Horsley, Stephen; Gent, Nick (1999), "Evaluation of a scheme for the pre-distribution of stable iodine (potassium iodate) to the civilian population residing within the immediate countermeasures zone of a nuclear submarine construction facility", Journal of Public Health, 21 (4): 2008–10, doi:10.1093/pubmed/21.4.412, PMID 11469363, archived from the original on 2008-09-05
^ Pahuja, D.N.; Rajan, M.G.; Borkar, A.V.; Samuel, A.M. (Nov 2008), "Potassium iodate and its comparison to potassium iodide as a blocker of 131I uptake by the thyroid in rats", Health Physics, 65 (5): 545–9, doi:10.1097/00004032-199311000-00014, PMID 8225995
^ "Decision to Discontinue the Future Distribution of Iodine Tablets". Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
^ Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents (PDF), Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999
^ "Potassium iodide vs potassium iodate. Which one works?".
^ W. Charles Becoat (29 May 2003). "Potassium Iodate Warning Letter" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration.

[:0-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lyday, Phyllis A.; Kaiho Tatsuo (26 November 2015). "Iodine and Iodine Compounds". In Ley, Claudia (ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. 9. doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_381.pub2. ISBN 9783527306732.

[2] Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8

[3] Andrews, Launcelot W. (July 1903). "Titrations with potassium iodide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 25 (7). Easton, Pennsylvania: US Postal Service: 756. doi:10.1021/ja02009a012 – via HathiTrust.

[:1-4] Regulatory Affairs (23 March 2023). "Safety Data Sheet" (Potassium iodate MSDS) (5 ed.). Fair Lawn, NJ: Thermo Fisher Scientific. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.

[5] Arroyave, Guillermo; Pineda, Oscar; Scrimshaw, Nevin S. (1956) [May 1955]. "The stability of potassium iodate in crude table salt". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 14 (1): 183–185. PMC 2538103. PMID 13329845.

[6] Diosady, Levente L.; Mannar, M.G. Venkatesh; Krishnaswamy, Kiruba (2019). "Improving the lives of millions through new double fortification of salt technology". Maternal & Child Nutrition. 15 (Suppl 3): e12773. doi:10.1111/mcn.12773. PMC 6594086. PMID 31148400.

[7] James, Maia (2023-04-04). "Best Baby Formula Guide". Gimme the Good Stuff. Retrieved 2023-09-22.

[8] Carson, Lin (ed.). "Potassium iodate". BAKERpedia. Portland, OR. Retrieved 22 September 2023.

[9] Astbury, John; Horsley, Stephen; Gent, Nick (1999), "Evaluation of a scheme for the pre-distribution of stable iodine (potassium iodate) to the civilian population residing within the immediate countermeasures zone of a nuclear submarine construction facility", Journal of Public Health, 21 (4): 2008–10, doi:10.1093/pubmed/21.4.412, PMID 11469363, archived from the original on 2008-09-05

[10] Pahuja, D.N.; Rajan, M.G.; Borkar, A.V.; Samuel, A.M. (Nov 2008), "Potassium iodate and its comparison to potassium iodide as a blocker of 131I uptake by the thyroid in rats", Health Physics, 65 (5): 545–9, doi:10.1097/00004032-199311000-00014, PMID 8225995

[dohc-11] "Decision to Discontinue the Future Distribution of Iodine Tablets". Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2013-05-22.

[12] Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents (PDF), Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999

[13] "Potassium iodide vs potassium iodate. Which one works?".

[14] W. Charles Becoat (29 May 2003). "Potassium Iodate Warning Letter" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
 | ChemSpiderID = 22856
+| DrugBank = DB15923
 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
 | UNII = I139E44NHL
@@ Line 31: / Line 32: @@
 | Odor = odorless
 | Density = 3.89 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
-| Solubility = 4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) <br> 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C)
+| Solubility = 4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br /> 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) <br /> 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C)
-| SolubleOther = soluble in [[potassium iodide|KI]] solution <br> insoluble in [[ethanol|alcohol]], liquid [[ammonia]], [[nitric acid]]
+| SolubleOther = soluble in [[potassium iodide|KI]] solution <br /> insoluble in [[ethanol|alcohol]], liquid [[ammonia]], [[nitric acid]]
 | MeltingPtC = 560
 | MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)
@@ Line 39: / Line 40: @@
 |Section7={{Chembox Hazards
 | ExternalSDS =
-| RPhrases = {{R9}}, {{R22}}, {{R36}}, {{R37}}, {{R38}}
+| GHSPictograms = {{GHS03}} {{GHS05}} {{GHS07}}
-| SPhrases = {{S35}}
+| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|272|302|318}}
+| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|280|301+312+330|305+351+338+310}}
 | NFPA-H = 2
 | NFPA-F = 0
@@ Line 48: / Line 50: @@
   }}
 |Section8={{Chembox Related
-| OtherAnions = [[Potassium chlorate]]<br/>[[Potassium bromate]]
+| OtherAnions = [[Potassium chlorate]]<br />[[Potassium bromate]]
 | OtherCations = [[Sodium iodate]]
-| OtherCompounds = [[Potassium iodide]]<br/>[[Potassium periodate]]
+| OtherCompounds = [[Potassium iodide]]<br />[[Potassium periodate]]
   }}
 }}
-'''Potassium iodate''' ([[Potassium|K]][[Iodine|I]][[Oxygen|O<sub>3</sub>]]) is a [[chemical compound]]. It is [[Ionic compound|ionic]], made up of K<sup>+</sup> ions and IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ions in a 1:1 ratio.
+'''Potassium iodate''' ([[Potassium|K]][[Iodine|I]][[Oxygen|O<sub>3</sub>]]) is an [[ionic compound|ionic]] [[inorganic compound]] with the formula {{chem2|KIO3}}.  It is a white salt that is soluble in water.<ref name=":0"/>
 ==Preparation and properties==
+It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as [[potassium hydroxide]] with [[iodic acid]], for example:<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Iodine and Iodine Compounds |encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |publisher=Wiley-VCH |location=Weinheim |last1=Lyday |first1=Phyllis&nbsp;A. |editor-last=Ley |editor-first=Claudia |publication-date=26 November 2015 |edition=7th |page=9 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_381.pub2 |last2=Kaiho Tatsuo|isbn=9783527306732 }}</ref>
-Potassium iodate is an [[oxidizing agent]] and as such it can cause fires if in contact with combustible materials or [[reducing agents]].  It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as [[potassium hydroxide]] with [[iodic acid]], for example:
-:{{math|[[Iodic acid|HIO<sub>3</sub>]] + [[Potassium hydroxide|KOH]] → KIO<sub>3</sub> + [[Water|H<sub>2</sub>O]]}}
+:[[Iodic acid|HIO<sub>3</sub>]] + [[Potassium hydroxide|KOH]] → KIO<sub>3</sub> + [[Water|H<sub>2</sub>O]]
-It can also be prepared by adding [[iodine]] to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide.
+It can also be prepared by adding [[iodine]] to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide:<ref name=":0" />
-:{{math|3 [[iodine|I<sub>2</sub>]] + 6 [[Potassium hydroxide|KOH]] → KIO<sub>3</sub> + 5 [[potassium iodide|KI]] + 3 [[water|H<sub>2</sub>O]]}}
+:3 [[iodine|I<sub>2</sub>]] + 6 [[Potassium hydroxide|KOH]] → KIO<sub>3</sub> + 5 [[potassium iodide|KI]] + 3 [[water|H<sub>2</sub>O]]
 Or by fusing potassium iodide with [[potassium chlorate]], [[potassium bromate|bromate]] or [[potassium perchlorate|perchlorate]], the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization:<ref>Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, {{ISBN|0-07-049439-8}}</ref>
-:{{math|KI + KClO<sub>3</sub> → KIO<sub>3</sub> + KCl}}
+:KI + KClO<sub>3</sub> → KIO<sub>3</sub> + KCl
+The analogous reaction with [[potassium hypochlorite]] is also possible:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andrews |first=Launcelot&nbsp;W. |date=July 1903 |title=Titrations with potassium iodide |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.%24b811386&seq=113 |journal=[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] |location=[[Easton, Pennsylvania]] |publisher=[[US Postal Service]] |volume=25 |issue=7 |page=756 |doi=10.1021/ja02009a012 |via=[[HathiTrust]]}}</ref><blockquote>KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO<sub>3</sub></blockquote>Conditions/substances to avoid include: [[heat]], [[Shock (mechanics)|shock]], [[friction]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Regulatory Affairs |date=23 March 2023 |title=Safety Data Sheet |url=https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC418245000&productDescription=POTASSIUM+IODATE%2C+REAGEN+500GR&vendorId=VN00033901&countryCode=US&language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922143106/https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC418245000&productDescription=POTASSIUM+IODATE%2C+REAGEN+500GR&vendorId=VN00033901&countryCode=US&language=en |archive-date=22 September 2023 |access-date=22 September 2023 |publisher=[[Thermo Fisher Scientific]] |type=Potassium iodate MSDS |publication-place=[[Fair Lawn, NJ]] |edition=5}}</ref> combustible materials,<ref name=":0" /> reducing materials, [[aluminium]],<ref name=":1" /> [[organic compounds]],<ref name=":0" /> [[carbon]], [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sulfide]]s.<ref name=":1" />
-Conditions/substances to avoid include: [[heat]], [[Shock (mechanics)|shock]], [[friction]], combustible materials, reducing materials, [[aluminium]], [[organic compounds]], [[carbon]], [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sulfide]]s.
 ==Applications==
+Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent [[iodine deficiency]]. In the US, [[Iodised salt|iodized salt]] contains [[antioxidant]]s, because [[atmospheric oxygen]] can oxidize [[Aqueous solution|wet]] iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Arroyave |first1=Guillermo |last2=Pineda |first2=Oscar |last3=Scrimshaw |first3=Nevin&nbsp;S. |date=1956 |orig-date=May 1955 |title=The stability of potassium iodate in crude table salt |journal=[[Bulletin of the World Health Organization]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=183–185 |pmid=13329845 |pmc=2538103}}</ref> Salt mixed with [[ferrous fumarate]] and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/mcn.12773 |title=Improving the lives of millions through new double fortification of salt technology |date=2019 |last1=Diosady |first1=Levente L. |last2=Mannar |first2=M.G. Venkatesh |last3=Krishnaswamy |first3=Kiruba |journal=Maternal & Child Nutrition |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 3 |pages=e12773 |pmid=31148400 |pmc=6594086 }}</ref>  Potassium iodate is also used to provide iodine in some [[Infant formula|baby formula]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Maia |date=2023-04-04 |title=Best Baby Formula Guide |url=https://gimmethegoodstuff.org/safe-product-guides/safe-infant-formula-guide/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Gimme the Good Stuff |language=en-US}}</ref>
-Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent [[iodine deficiency]]. Because iodide can be oxidized to iodine by molecular oxygen under wet conditions, US companies add [[thiosulfate]]s or other [[antioxidant]]s to the potassium iodide. In other countries, potassium iodate is used as a source for dietary iodine. It is also an ingredient in some [[Infant formula|baby formula]] milk.
-Like [[potassium bromate]], potassium iodate is occasionally used as a [[Flour treatment agent|maturing agent]] in baking.
+Like [[potassium bromate]], potassium iodate is occasionally used as a [[Flour treatment agent|maturing agent]] in baking.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Potassium iodate |encyclopedia=BAKERpedia |location=[[Portland, OR]] |url=https://bakerpedia.com/ingredients/potassium-iodate/ |access-date=22 September 2023 |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=Lin}}</ref>
 ===Radiation protection===
+[[Image:Potassium iodate tablets.jpg|thumb|left|An unopened box of potassium [[iodate]] tablets distributed in the early 2000s to [[Republic of Ireland|Irish]] households in case of a terror attack on [[United Kingdom|British]] nuclear facilities.]]
 Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of [[radioiodine|radioactive iodine]] in the [[thyroid]] by saturating the body with a stable source of [[iodine]] prior to exposure.<ref>{{Citation
  | doi = 10.1093/pubmed/21.4.412
@@ Line 85: / Line 88: @@
  | pages = 2008–10
  | url = http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/4/412
+ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080905170659/http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/4/412
+ | url-status = dead
+ | archive-date = 2008-09-05
  | journal = Journal of Public Health
  | year = 1999
  | pmid = 11469363
+| doi-access = free
-}}</ref> Approved by the [[World Health Organization]] for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO<sub>3</sub>) is an alternative to [[potassium iodide|potassium iodide (KI)]], which has poor [[shelf life]] in hot and humid [[climate]]s.<ref>{{Citation
+ }}</ref> Approved by the [[World Health Organization]] for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO<sub>3</sub>) is an alternative to [[potassium iodide|potassium iodide (KI)]], which has poor [[shelf life]] in hot and humid [[climate]]s.<ref>{{Citation
  | doi = 10.1097/00004032-199311000-00014
  | last1 = Pahuja | first1 = D.N.
@@ Line 101: / Line 108: @@
  | pmid = 8225995
- | journal = Health physics
+ | journal = Health Physics
-}}</ref> The [[UK]], [[Singapore]], [[United Arab Emirates]], and the [[U.S. state]]s [[Idaho]] and [[Utah]] are known{{by whom|date=February 2011}} to stock potassium iodate in [[Tablet (pharmacy)|tablet]] form.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} The government of [[Ireland]] also, following the [[September 11 attacks]], issued potassium iodate tablets to all households.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rpii.ie/Site/Media/Press-Releases/Radioactivity-released-from-Wylfa-nuclear-power-pl.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-04-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017221002/http://www.rpii.ie/Site/Media/Press-Releases/Radioactivity-released-from-Wylfa-nuclear-power-pl.aspx |archivedate=2013-10-17 }}</ref><ref name="dohc">{{cite web |url=http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2008/20080403c.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018013248/http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2008/20080403c.html |archivedate=2013-10-18 }}</ref> It is not approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for use as a [[thyroid blocker]], and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.<ref>http://www.nukepills.com/potassium-iodate-vs-potassium-iodide.html</ref><ref>http://www.nukepills.com/docs/Potassium%20Iodate%20warning%20letter.pdf</ref>
+}}</ref>  The [[UK]], [[Singapore]], [[United Arab Emirates]], and the [[U.S. state]]s [[Idaho]] and [[Utah]] all maintain potassium iodate [[Tablet (pharmacy)|tablets]] towards this end.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} Following the [[September 11 attacks]], the government of [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose.<ref name="dohc">{{cite web |url=http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2008/20080403c.html |title=Decision to Discontinue the Future Distribution of Iodine Tablets |access-date=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018013248/http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2008/20080403c.html |archive-date=2013-10-18 }}</ref>
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
-[[Image:Potassium iodate tablets.jpg|thumb|left|An unopened box of potassium [[iodate]] tablets, distributed to every household in [[Ireland]] in case of a terror attack on reprocessing plants such as [[Sellafield]] and [[nuclear power station]]s such as [[Wylfa]] in the [[United Kingdom]].
-A scenario that upon later expert Irish examination in 2007, was found to not have justified their distribution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rpii.ie/Site/Media/Press-Releases/Radioactivity-released-from-Wylfa-nuclear-power-pl.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-04-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017221002/http://www.rpii.ie/Site/Media/Press-Releases/Radioactivity-released-from-Wylfa-nuclear-power-pl.aspx |archivedate=2013-10-17 }}</ref><ref name="dohc" /> The Irish government now upon realizing their error suggests that the tablets be disposed of with municipal waste.<ref name="dohc" />]]
-{| class="wikitable"
 |+ Recommended Dosage for Radiological Emergencies involving radioactive iodine<ref>{{Citation
- | publication-date = 1999
+ | date = 1999
  | title = Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents
- | publication-place =
  | place = Geneva
  | publisher = [[World Health Organization]]
- | url = http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf
+ | url =https://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf
 }}</ref>
 ! Age
@@ Line 136: / Line 139: @@
 | 21
 |}
+Potassium iodate is not approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for use as a [[thyroid blocker]], and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nukepills.com/potassium-iodate-vs-potassium-iodide.html|title=Potassium iodide vs potassium iodate. Which one works?}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nukepills.com/docs/Potassium%20Iodate%20warning%20letter.pdf|title=Potassium Iodate Warning Letter|author=W. Charles Becoat|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|date=29 May 2003}}</ref>
+==Safety==
+Potassium iodate is an [[oxidizing agent]] and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds.<ref name=":0"/>
+{{clear}}
 ==References==
-{{refimprove|date=January 2009}}
 {{reflist}}
 {{Potassium compounds}}
+{{Iodates}}
 [[Category:Iodates]]

v t e Potassium compounds
H, (pseudo)halogens	KF KHF₂ KH KCl KClO KClO₃ KClO₄ KBr KBrO₃ KI KIO₃ KIO₄ KAt KCN KCNO KOCN KSCN
chalcogens	K₂O KOH K₂O₂ KO₂ KO₃ K₂S KHS K₂SO₃ KHSO₃ K₂SO₄ KHSO₄ KHSO₅ K₂S₂O₃ K₂S₂O₅ K₂S₂O₇ K₂S₂O₈ K₂Se K₂SeO₃ K₂SeO₄ K₂Te K₂TeO₃ K₂TeO₄ K₂Po
pnictogens	K₃N KNH₂ KN₃ KNO₂ KNO₃ K₃P KH₂PO₃ K₃PO₄ K₂HPO₄ KH₂PO₄ KPF₆ KAsO₂ K₃AsO₄ K₂HAsO₄ KH₂AsO₄
B, C group	B₄K₂O₇ K₂CO₃ KHCO₃ K₂SiO₃ K₂SiF₆ K₂Al₂O₄ K₂Al₂B₂O₇
transition metals	K₂PtCl₄ K₂Pt(CN)₄ K₂TiF₆ K₂PtCl₆ K₂ReCl₆ K ₂ReF ₆ KAsF₆ K₂ReBr₆ K ₂ReI ₆ K₂ZrF₆ K₄Fe(CN)₆ K₃Fe(CN)₆ K₃Fe(C₂O₄)₃ K₂FeO₄ K₂MnO₄ KMnO₄ K₃CrO₄ K₂CrO₄ K₃CrO₈ KCrO₃Cl K₂Cr₂O₇ K₂Cr₃O₁₀ K₂Cr₄O₁₃ K₄Mo₂Cl₈
organic	KHCO₂ KCH₃CO₂ KCF₃CO₂ K₂C₂O₄ KHC₂O₄ KC₁₂H₂₃O₂ KC₁₈H₃₅O₂ C₃H₂K₂O₄ C₄H₆KO₄ C₅H₇KO₄