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{{Short description|Polish lawyer and politician}}
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[[Image:Herman Lieberman 1931.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Herman Lieberman, 1931, during [[Brest trials]]]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}

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[[Image:Herman Lieberman 1931.jpg|150px|right|thumb|Herman Lieberman, 1931, during [[Brest trials]]]]
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[[File:Herman Lieberman.JPG|thumb|100px|right|Sketch of Lieberman at [[Brest trial]]s]]
'''Herman Lieberman''' (4 January 1870 – 21 October 1941) was a [[Polish people|Polish]] lawyer and socialist politician.
'''Herman Lieberman''' (4 January 1870 – 21 October 1941) was a [[Polish people|Polish]] lawyer and socialist politician.


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Lieberman was born into a [[Jew]]ish family in [[Drohobych|Drohobycz]], [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia]], then part of [[Austro-Hungary]]. From 1907 to 1914 and from 1917 to 1918, he was a member of parliament in [[Vienna]].
Lieberman was born into a [[Jew]]ish family in [[Drohobych|Drohobycz]], [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia]], then part of [[Austro-Hungary]]. From 1907 to 1914 and from 1917 to 1918, he was a member of parliament in [[Vienna]].


During [[World War I]] he joined the [[Polish Legions in World War I|Polish Legions]] of [[Józef Piłsudski]] as a private. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and took part in the [[Battle of Kostiuchnówka]], for which he was awarded the [[Cross of Valor (Poland)|Polish Cross of Valor]]. During the [[Oath crisis]], when Polish troops refused to swear allegiance to Emperor [[Wilhelm II of Germany]], Lieberman served as the lawyer for the Polish troops which were charged with treason by the German authorities.
During [[World War I]] he joined the [[Polish Legions in World War I|Polish Legions]] of [[Józef Piłsudski]] as a private. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and took part in the [[Battle of Kostiuchnówka]], for which he was awarded the [[Cross of Valor (Poland)|Polish Cross of Valor]]. During the [[Oath crisis]], when Polish troops refused to swear allegiance to Emperor [[Wilhelm II of Germany]], Lieberman served as the lawyer for the Polish soldiers who were charged with treason by the German authorities.


After World War I Lieberman became a leader of the [[Polish Socialist Party]] (''PPS''), serving on its executive committee. In January 1919 he became a member of the Polish ''[[Sejm]]'' (parliament). In 1923 he successfully defended the [[Kraków]] workers charged in the aftermath of the [[1923 Kraków riot]].
After World War I Lieberman became a leader of the [[Polish Socialist Party]] (''PPS''), serving on its executive committee. In January 1919 he became a member of the Polish ''[[Sejm]]'' (parliament). In 1923 he successfully defended the [[Kraków]] workers charged in the aftermath of the [[1923 Kraków riot]].


[[File:Symboliczny grób Hermana Liebermana.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Symbolic grave of Herman Lieberman on the new Jewish cemetery in [[Przemyśl]].]]
[[File:Symboliczny grób Hermana Liebermana.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Lieberman's [[cenotaph]] at the new Jewish cemetery in [[Przemyśl]]]]
After the [[May Coup (Poland)|May 1926 ''Coup d'État]], he opposed Piłsudski. He was arrested and beaten by the police and then sentenced in the 1931–32 [[Brest trial]]s to two and a half year in prison. Rather than serving the sentence he emigrated to [[France]]. While abroad he supported the republican cause in the [[Spanish Civil War]] and published a critical response to [[Marcel Déat]]'s pamphlet ''[[Why Die for Danzig?]]'' which advocated appeasement of Hitler.
After the [[May Coup (Poland)|May 1926 ''Coup d'État]], he opposed Piłsudski. He was arrested and beaten by the police and then sentenced in the 1931–32 [[Brest trial]]s to two and a half year in prison. Rather than serving the sentence he emigrated to [[France]]. While abroad he supported the republican cause in the [[Spanish Civil War]] and published a critical response to [[Marcel Déat]]'s pamphlet ''[[Why Die for Danzig?]]'' which advocated appeasement of [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]].


After the 1939 [[Nazi invasion of Poland]], during [[World War II]], he joined the [[Polish government-in-exile]] of [[Władysław Sikorski]]. From 3 September 1941 to 20 October 1941, Lieberman was the minister of justice of this government in [[London]], England.<ref name=jta22oct>{{cite news|title=Dr. Herman Lieberman, First Jew in Polish Cabinet, Dies in London|url=http://www.jta.org/1941/10/22/archive/dr-herman-lieberman-first-jew-in-polisn-cabinet-dies-in-london|accessdate=14 July 2013|work=JTA|date=22 October 1941}}</ref> He died in 1941.
During [[World War II]], after the 1939 [[Nazi invasion of Poland|German invasion of Poland]], Lieberman joined [[Władysław Sikorski]]'s [[Polish government-in-exile]] in [[London]], England. From 3 September 1941 to 20 October 1941, Lieberman was the government's minister of justice.<ref name=jta22oct>{{cite news|title=Dr. Herman Lieberman, First Jew in Polish Cabinet, Dies in London|url=http://www.jta.org/1941/10/22/archive/dr-herman-lieberman-first-jew-in-polisn-cabinet-dies-in-london|accessdate=14 July 2013|work=JTA|date=22 October 1941}}</ref> He died in 1941.


===Award===
===Award===
In 1941 Lieberman was posthumously awarded Poland's highest [[Order (decoration)|decoration]], the [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]], by the President of the Government in Exile [[Władysław Raczkiewicz]], in recognition of his exceptional services to [[Poland]].
In 1941 Lieberman was posthumously awarded Poland's highest [[Order (decoration)|decoration]], the [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]], by the President of the Government in Exile [[Władysław Raczkiewicz]], in recognition of his exceptional services to [[Poland]].

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[[File:Herman Lieberman.JPG|thumb|100px|right|Sketch of Lieberman at the [[Brest trial]]s]]


==References==
==References==
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Jews and Judaism in Poland}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lieberman, Herman}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lieberman, Herman}}
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[[Category:Ukrainian Jews]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Jews]]
[[Category:Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)]]
[[Category:Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)]]
[[Category:Jewish Austro-Hungarian politicians]]
[[Category:Jewish Polish politicians]]
[[Category:Jewish Polish politicians]]
[[Category:Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia politicians]]
[[Category:Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia politicians]]
[[Category:Polish Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Polish Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Imperial Council (Austria)]]
[[Category:Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1907–1911)]]
[[Category:Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1911–1918)]]
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Sejm of the Second Polish Republic]]
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Sejm of the Second Polish Republic]]
[[Category:Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1922–1927)]]
[[Category:Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1922–1927)]]
[[Category:Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic]]
[[Category:Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930)]]
[[Category:Jewish socialists]]
[[Category:Jewish socialists]]
[[Category:Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Members of the Executive of the Labour and Socialist International]]
[[Category:Members of the Executive of the Labour and Socialist International]]
[[Category:Justice ministers of Poland]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)]]
{{Poland-politician-stub}}

Revision as of 13:11, 22 December 2023

Herman Lieberman, 1931, during Brest trials
Sketch of Lieberman at Brest trials

Herman Lieberman (4 January 1870 – 21 October 1941) was a Polish lawyer and socialist politician.

Life

Lieberman was born into a Jewish family in Drohobycz, Galicia, then part of Austro-Hungary. From 1907 to 1914 and from 1917 to 1918, he was a member of parliament in Vienna.

During World War I he joined the Polish Legions of Józef Piłsudski as a private. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and took part in the Battle of Kostiuchnówka, for which he was awarded the Polish Cross of Valor. During the Oath crisis, when Polish troops refused to swear allegiance to Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, Lieberman served as the lawyer for the Polish soldiers who were charged with treason by the German authorities.

After World War I Lieberman became a leader of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), serving on its executive committee. In January 1919 he became a member of the Polish Sejm (parliament). In 1923 he successfully defended the Kraków workers charged in the aftermath of the 1923 Kraków riot.

Lieberman's cenotaph at the new Jewish cemetery in Przemyśl

After the May 1926 Coup d'État, he opposed Piłsudski. He was arrested and beaten by the police and then sentenced in the 1931–32 Brest trials to two and a half year in prison. Rather than serving the sentence he emigrated to France. While abroad he supported the republican cause in the Spanish Civil War and published a critical response to Marcel Déat's pamphlet Why Die for Danzig? which advocated appeasement of Hitler.

During World War II, after the 1939 German invasion of Poland, Lieberman joined Władysław Sikorski's Polish government-in-exile in London, England. From 3 September 1941 to 20 October 1941, Lieberman was the government's minister of justice.[1] He died in 1941.

Award

In 1941 Lieberman was posthumously awarded Poland's highest decoration, the Order of the White Eagle, by the President of the Government in Exile Władysław Raczkiewicz, in recognition of his exceptional services to Poland.

References

  1. ^ "Dr. Herman Lieberman, First Jew in Polish Cabinet, Dies in London". JTA. 22 October 1941. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
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