tosha

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-tosha (infinitive kutosha)

1. to suffice, to be adequate, to be enough

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tosha
Positive present -natosha Subjunctive -toshe Negative -toshi Imperative singular tosha
Infinitives
Positive kutosha Negative kutotosha
Imperatives
Singular tosha Plural tosheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutosha Positive past positive subject concord + -litosha Negative past negative subject concord + -kutosha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natosha) Singular Plural 1st person ninatosha/natosha tunatosha 2nd person unatosha mnatosha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatosha wanatosha other classes positive subject concord + -natosha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -toshi) Singular Plural 1st person sitoshi hatutoshi 2nd person hutoshi hamtoshi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatoshi hawatoshi other classes negative subject concord + -toshi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatosha Negative future negative subject concord + -tatosha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -toshe) Singular Plural 1st person nitoshe tutoshe 2nd person utoshe mtoshe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atoshe watoshe other classes positive subject concord + -toshe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitoshe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetosha Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetosha Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitosha Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitosha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atosha) Singular Plural 1st person natosha twatosha 2nd person watosha mwatosha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atosha watosha m-mi(III/IV) watosha yatosha ji-ma(V/VI) latosha yatosha ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatosha vyatosha n(IX/X) yatosha zatosha u(XI) watosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatosha pa(XVI) patosha mu(XVIII) mwatosha
Perfect positive subject concord + -metosha "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatosha "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatosha "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitosha "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotosha Consecutive katosha / positive subject concord + -katosha Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katoshe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nitosha -tutosha 2nd person -kutosha -watosha/-kutosheni/-watosheni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtosha -watosha m-mi(III/IV) -utosha -itosha ji-ma(V/VI) -litosha -yatosha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitosha -vitosha n(IX/X) -itosha -zitosha u(XI) -utosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutosha pa(XVI) -patosha mu(XVIII) -mutosha Reflexive -jitosha
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tosha- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -toshaye -toshao m-mi(III/IV) -toshao -toshayo ji-ma(V/VI) -toshalo -toshayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -toshacho -toshavyo n(IX/X) -toshayo -toshazo u(XI) -toshao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -toshako pa(XVI) -toshapo mu(XVIII) -toshamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tosha) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetosha -otosha m-mi(III/IV) -otosha -yotosha ji-ma(V/VI) -lotosha -yotosha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotosha -vyotosha n(IX/X) -yotosha -zotosha u(XI) -otosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotosha pa(XVI) -potosha mu(XVIII) -motosha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -toshea
  • Passive: -toshwa
  • Reciprocal: -toshana
  • Stative: -tosheka