rutilus

See also: Rutilus

Latin

Possibly either:

from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂réw-ti-s ~ *h₂ru-téy-s, from *h₂rew- (“to shine”) +‎ *-tis, perhaps cognate to Proto-Celtic *ruteinos (“shiny reddish, rust colored”), via either:
- from older rutulus with labial dissimilation,^[1] from *rutis (“redness”) +‎ *-elos (desubstantival suffix);
- Via reconstructing -i- as the original second vowel instead of *-e-; some scholars believe that *-i- did not merge with *-e- during vowel reductions before -l-:
  - Schaffner reconstructs Proto-Italic *rutilos and segments this as Proto-Indo-European *h₂ruti-lo-;^[2]
  - Prósper posits instead Proto-Italic *rutiðos, the -ilus in Latin thus serving as a lambdacized counterpart to Latin -idus.^[3]
or dissimilated from Proto-Italic *rutrelos (compare Latin clītellae) also with labial dissimilation, from *rutros, variant of *ruðros (“red”) (whence Latin ruber (“red”)) + *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰ-ró-s (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) +‎ *-rós.^[4]

rutilus (feminine rutila, neuter rutilum); first/second-declension adjective

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	rutilus	rutila	rutilum	rutilī	rutilae	rutila
Genitive	rutilī	rutilae	rutilī	rutilōrum	rutilārum	rutilōrum
Dative	rutilō	rutilae	rutilō	rutilīs
Accusative	rutilum	rutilam	rutilum	rutilōs	rutilās	rutila
Ablative	rutilō	rutilā	rutilō	rutilīs
Vocative	rutile	rutila	rutilum	rutilī	rutilae	rutila

^ Sen, Ranjan (2015) Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 22
^ Schaffner, Stefan (2016/17) “Lateinisch rutilus ‘rötlich, gelbrot, goldgelb’, altir. ruithen ‘Strahl, Glanz’ und kymr. rwt ‘Rost, Korrosion’”, in Luschützky, Hans Christian, Nedoma, Robert, Schumacher, Stefan, editors, Die Sprache: Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1], number 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 102-123
^ Prósper, Blanca María (2024) “Celto-Venetica: Indo-European Names from North-Eastern Italy and the Dialectal Classification of Venetic”, in Voprosy Onomastiki‎^[2], number 2, Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press, →DOI, pages 9-50
^ Risch, Ernst (1979) “Die idg. Wurzel *reudh- im Lateinischen”, in Brogyanyi, Bela, editor, Studies in Diachronic, Synchronic, and Typological Linguistics: Festschrift for Oswald Szemérenyi on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory) (in German), volume 11, →DOI, pages 705–724

albus, candidus, subalbus, niveus, cēreus, marmoreus, eburneus, cānus, blancus (ML.)	glaucus, rāvus, pullus, cinereus, cinerāceus, plumbeus, grīseus (ML. or NL.)	niger, āter, piceus, furvus
ruber, rūbidus, rūfus, rubicundus, russus, rubrīcus, pūniceus, murrinus, mulleus; cocceus, coccīnus, badius	rutilus, armeniacus, aurantius, aurantiacus; fuscus, suffuscus, colōrius, cervīnus, spādīx, castaneus, aquilus, fulvus, brunneus (ML.)	flāvus, sufflāvus, flāvidus, fulvus, lūteus, gilvus, helvus, croceus, pallidus, blondinus (ML.)
galbus, galbinus, lūridus	viridis	prasinus
cȳaneus	caeruleus, azurīnus (ML.), caesius, blāvus (LL.)	glaucus; līvidus; venetus
violāceus, ianthinus, balaustīnus (NL.)	ostrīnus, amethystīnus	purpureus, ātropurpureus, roseus, rosāceus