kun
English
editEtymology
editFrom Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi), literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).
Noun
editkun (uncountable)
- In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted with on.
- Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
Related terms
editAnagrams
editBikol Central
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editConjunction
editkun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)
- if, unless
- Synonym: komo
- Kun may dudumanon ka, maiba lugod ako saimo.
- If you're going somewhere, I'll come with you then.
Preposition
editkun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)
- when; at (or as soon as) that time that; if
- Synonym: pag
- Kun mabanggi na, nagluluwas man an mga bituon.
- When the night comes, the stars come out also.
Czech
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkun
Danish
editEtymology
editOlder ikkun, a contraction of Old Danish ække uten (“nothing but”), from Old Norse ekki (“not”) and útan (“without, except”).
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editkun
Synonyms
editDutch
editPronunciation
editVerb
editkun
- second-person singular present indicative of kunnen
- Kun jij iets doen voor mij?
- Can you do something for me?
Usage notes
editAs is usual in Dutch, the -t is dropped when the pronoun jij / je immediately follows the verb. However, unlike for all other verbs, the form that results is not identical to the first-person singular, which is kan. The form kan is also frequently used, by analogy with regular verbs, but it may be considered nonstandard by some.
Synonyms
editEsperanto
editEtymology
editUltimately from Latin cum. Compare Italian con, Spanish con, Portuguese com.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editkun
- in the company of, with
- in addition to
- characteristic considered separately from the whole
- 1961, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro esperanta:
- Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomoj kun arĝentaj ŝeloj.
- A word said at the right time is like golden apples with silver skins.
Derived terms
editFinnish
editEtymology
editThe singular instructive case of kuka. Originally a lesser used variant of kuin; modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editkun
- when, as, while (temporal: at the same time or instant that)
- Sain viestisi, kun olin jo matkalla lentokentälle.
- I got your message when I was already on my way to the airport.
- Hän ilmestyi antamaan ohjeita, kun olin jo saanut työn valmiiksi.
- He showed up to give instructions when I had already finished the job.
- as soon as, once; expresses that the event of the main clause takes place immediately after that of the subclause, often used with the clitic -han
- Tulen tapaamaan sinua, kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.
- I will come to see you as soon as I finish this job.
- as, because, since (considering that)
- Hän menetti työpaikkansa, kun tuli aina myöhässä.
- She lost her job because she was always late.
- En voi tulla huomenna, minulla kun on aamuvuoro.
- I cannot come tomorrow as I have the morning shift.
- Synonym of kunpa
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editPronoun
editkun
- (relative, colloquial) that, who, which, where
Further reading
edit- “kun”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Hokkien
editFor pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 君 (“sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord; lord; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 君). |
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 軍 (“armed forces; army; troops; corps; army; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 軍). |
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 均 (“equal; uniform; fair; all; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 均). |
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 巾 (“a square item of cloth; towel; kerchief; piece of clothing worn on the head in China”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 巾). |
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight; axe; hatchet; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤). |
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 根 (“root; base; basis; foundation; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 根). |
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 筋 (“tendon; sinew; muscle; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 筋). |
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 跟 (“heel; to follow; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 跟). |
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 鈞 (“ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鈞). |
Hungarian
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkun (plural kunok)
- Cuman (member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kun | kunok |
accusative | kunt | kunokat |
dative | kunnak | kunoknak |
instrumental | kunnal | kunokkal |
causal-final | kunért | kunokért |
translative | kunná | kunokká |
terminative | kunig | kunokig |
essive-formal | kunként | kunokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kunban | kunokban |
superessive | kunon | kunokon |
adessive | kunnál | kunoknál |
illative | kunba | kunokba |
sublative | kunra | kunokra |
allative | kunhoz | kunokhoz |
elative | kunból | kunokból |
delative | kunról | kunokról |
ablative | kuntól | kunoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kuné | kunoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
kunéi | kunokéi |
Possessive forms of kun | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kunom | kunjaim |
2nd person sing. | kunod | kunjaid |
3rd person sing. | kunja | kunjai |
1st person plural | kununk | kunjaink |
2nd person plural | kunotok | kunjaitok |
3rd person plural | kunjuk | kunjaik |
Further reading
edit- kun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
editPreposition
editkun
- with
- Ilu iris kun elu a la parko.
- He went with her to the park.
Japanese
editRomanization
editkun
Kavalan
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Hokkien 裙 (kûn, “skirt”).
Noun
editkun
Maltese
editPronunciation
editVerb
editkun
Mandarin
editRomanization
editkun
- Nonstandard spelling of kūn.
- Nonstandard spelling of kǔn.
- Nonstandard spelling of kùn.
Usage notes
edit- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle English
editNoun
editkun
- Alternative form of kyn
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editAdverb
editkun
Synonyms
editNupe
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editVerb
editkun
- to be enough; to be sufficient
Polish
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkun f
Somali
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Cushitic *kum-.
Numeral
editkun
References
edit- “kun” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.
Southeastern Tepehuan
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kuna.
Noun
editkun (third person singular possession kunaaꞌn)
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)[2] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 115
Sumerian
editRomanization
editkun
- Romanization of 𒆲 (kun)
Tagalog
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈkun/ [ˈkun̪]
- Rhymes: -un
- Syllabification: kun
Conjunction
editkun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)
Preposition
editkun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)
Uzbek
editOther scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | кун |
Latin | kun |
Perso-Arabic | کون |
Etymology
editFrom Chagatai کون (kün, “sun, day”), from Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun, day”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkun (plural kunlar)
Declension
editVolapük
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkun (nominative plural kuns)
- cow
- 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:
- Hifeilan at dalabom jevodis tel e kunis deg.
- This farmer owns two horses and ten cows.
Declension
editSynonyms
editAntonyms
editDerived terms
edit- kunül (“cow calf, female calf”)
Related terms
editWik-Mungkan
editNoun
editkun
Synonyms
editYámana
editNoun
editkun
Yola
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Irish cun (“stoutness, thickness”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkun
References
edit- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 51
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