k-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "k"
Translingual
editPrefix
editk-
- (SI prefix) Abbreviation of kilo-.
English
editEtymology
editUncertain. Perhaps from OK, in phrases like OK, cool; perhaps from the K prefix for kilo-, as in kilobyte.
Prefix
editk-
- (BBS and Internet slang, dated) Used as an intensifier.
- 1994, Dave!, “Mind Warp! Volume #02 Release Info...”, in alt.zines (Usenet):
- We have been heavily influenced by, and use the same 'zine format' as cDc and uXu. And if you think we're ripping them off.. you damn skippy! They're excellent texts and I wish to be as k-cool as them. :)
- 1994?, "Rabid Rasta", The Real Pirate's Guide (reposted anonymously on newsgroup alt.2600, 14 August 1994)
- Corollary: Real pirates don't keep score.
Real pirates don't say "K-K00L", "K-AWESOME", "X10DER", "L8R0N", or anything of the sort.
Real pirates know the difference between "f" and "ph" (i.e. "philes", "phuck", "fone", etc.).
- Corollary: Real pirates don't keep score.
- 1996, Jerod Pore, “k-rad warez d00d hits alt.binaries.zines - AGAIN”, in nwes.admin.net-abuse.misc (Usenet):
- My least favorite k-rad warez d00d […] has once again plastered alt.binaries.zines with millions of bytes of pirated software using a forged address at penet.
- 1996, rj, “quake crack”, in alt.games.quake (Usenet):
- Oooo.... what use of sarcasm, I bow down to you almighty one. What really was the point of your 'post'. To defend your K-Rad Warez pals? You k-rad warez puppies are something else. Now run along and download the latest k-rad game and of course never use it, just be k00l and say you got it 0 hour.
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- Eric S. Raymond (1991) The New Hacker's Dictionary
Albanian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Albanian *ka-, from Proto-Indo-European *ko- [1]
Prefix
editk-
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Schumacher, S. & Matzinger, J. Die verben des altabanischen Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und etymologie unter mitarbeit von Anna-Maria Adaktylos. 2013. Harrassowiz Vergal. Wiesbaden
Cayuga
editAlternative forms
edit- g- (before vowels and y)
Prefix
editk-
- first person agent pronominal prefix; I
References
edit- Marianne Mithun, Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 54
Emilian
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editk-
- (before a vowel) Alternative form of kí
Javanese
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Javanese ka-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editk-
- passive verb-forming prefix
Alternative forms
editDerived terms
editMohawk
editPrefix
editk-
- first person agent pronominal prefix; I
Alternative forms
edit- | Initial consonant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment | t/s/h/k | n/r/w/’ | a | e/en | o/on | i | y |
Word-Initial | k- | ke- | k- | k- | k- | k- | t- |
References
edit- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
Oneida
editPrefix
editk-
- first person agent pronominal prefix; I
References
edit- Floyd Lounsbury (1953) Oneida Verb Morphology, Yale University Press, pages 59-60
Ye'kwana
editEtymology 1
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editk-
- Marks a noun as having a first-person-dual-inclusive possessor.
- Marks a postposition as having a first-person-dual-inclusive object.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive patient/object when the agent/subject is of third person with verb forms that take series I markers.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive patient/object when the agent/subject is unspecified with verb forms that take series II markers.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person agent/subject and a first-person or first-person-dual-exclusive patient/object.
- Marks an intransitive verb with agent- or patient-like argument as having a first-person-dual-inclusive argument/subject, regardless of whether the verb form takes series I or series II markers.
- Marks a verb form derived with n- and -dü or -'jüdü as having a first-person-dual-inclusive agent/subject.
Usage notes
editThe form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:
- k- if the first syllable begins with a vowel.
- kü- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is anything but u or i.
- ku- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is u.
- ki- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is i.
The various different transitive verbal uses of this prefix can be roughly summarized as “I am being acted on, and you are somehow involved (whether as subject or co-object).”
Inflection
editYe'kwana personal markers
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editk-
- Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive agent/subject.
Usage notes
editThe form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:
- k- if the first syllable begins with a vowel. In addition, if the first syllable is an open syllable, then its vowel is lengthened.
- kii- if the first syllable begins with a consonant.
- ki- if the first syllable begins with two consonants, e.g. as a result of syllable reduction.
In the latter two cases the initial consonant is also palatalized if possible.
Inflection
editYe'kwana personal markers
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
References
edit- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[1], Lyon, pages 171–172, 181–182, 189–190, 194–195
Categories:
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- English terms with unknown etymologies
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- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
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- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
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