gjalda
Faroese
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse gjalda, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Cognates include English yield, German gelten, Dutch gelden, Swedish gälla, Norwegian gjelde, Icelandic gjalda and Danish gælde.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgjalda (third person singular past indicative galt, third person plural past indicative guldu, supine goldið)
- to pay
Usage notes
editNot to be mixed with galda or gelda which are partially homophonic with this verb.
Conjugation
editConjugation of gjalda (irregular) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | gjalda | |
supine | goldið | |
participle (a26)1 | gjaldandi | goldin |
present | past | |
first singular | gjaldi | galt |
second singular | geldur | galt |
third singular | geldur | galt |
plural | gjalda | guldu |
imperative | ||
singular | gjald! | |
plural | gjaldið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Icelandic
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse gjalda, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Cognates include English yield, German gelten, Dutch gelden, Swedish gälla, Norwegian gjelde, Faroese gjalda and Danish gælde.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgjalda (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative galt, third-person plural past indicative guldu, supine goldið)
- to pay
Conjugation
editinfinitive (nafnháttur) |
að gjalda | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
goldið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
gjaldandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég geld | við gjöldum | present (nútíð) |
ég gjaldi | við gjöldum |
þú geldur | þið gjaldið | þú gjaldir | þið gjaldið | ||
hann, hún, það geldur | þeir, þær, þau gjalda | hann, hún, það gjaldi | þeir, þær, þau gjaldi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég galt | við guldum | past (þátíð) |
ég gyldi | við gyldum |
þú galst | þið gulduð | þú gyldir | þið gylduð | ||
hann, hún, það galt | þeir, þær, þau guldu | hann, hún, það gyldi | þeir, þær, þau gyldu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
gjald (þú) | gjaldið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
gjaltu | gjaldiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að gjaldast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
goldist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
gjaldandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég gelst | við gjöldumst | present (nútíð) |
ég gjaldist | við gjöldumst |
þú gelst | þið gjaldist | þú gjaldist | þið gjaldist | ||
hann, hún, það gelst | þeir, þær, þau gjaldast | hann, hún, það gjaldist | þeir, þær, þau gjaldist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég galst | við guldumst | past (þátíð) |
ég gyldist | við gyldumst |
þú galst | þið guldust | þú gyldist | þið gyldust | ||
hann, hún, það galst | þeir, þær, þau guldust | hann, hún, það gyldist | þeir, þær, þau gyldust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
gjalst (þú) | gjaldist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
gjalstu | gjaldisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
goldinn | goldin | goldið | goldnir | goldnar | goldin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
goldinn | goldna | goldið | goldna | goldnar | goldin | |
dative (þágufall) |
goldnum | goldinni | goldnu | goldnum | goldnum | goldnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
goldins | goldinnar | goldins | goldinna | goldinna | goldinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
goldni | goldna | goldna | goldnu | goldnu | goldnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
goldna | goldnu | goldna | goldnu | goldnu | goldnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
goldna | goldnu | goldna | goldnu | goldnu | goldnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
goldna | goldnu | goldna | goldnu | goldnu | goldnu |
Derived terms
editOld Norse
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”).
Verb
editgjalda (singular past indicative galt, plural past indicative guldu, past participle goldinn)
- (ditransitive) to repay, return
- gjalda gjǫf við gjǫf ― to pay back gift for gift
- (figurative) to give
- (with genitive) to pay for, suffer on account
Conjugation
editinfinitive | gjalda | |
---|---|---|
present participle | gjaldandi | |
past participle | goldinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | geld | galt |
2nd-person singular | geldr | galzt |
3rd-person singular | geldr | galt |
1st-person plural | gjǫldum | guldum |
2nd-person plural | gjaldið | gulduð |
3rd-person plural | gjalda | guldu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | gjalda | gilda |
2nd-person singular | gjaldir | gildir |
3rd-person singular | gjaldi | gildi |
1st-person plural | gjaldim | gildim |
2nd-person plural | gjaldið | gildið |
3rd-person plural | gjaldi | gildi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | gjald | |
1st-person plural | gjǫldum | |
2nd-person plural | gjaldið |
infinitive | gjaldask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | gjaldandisk | |
past participle | goldizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | gjǫldumk | guldumk |
2nd-person singular | gelzk | galzk |
3rd-person singular | gelzk | galzk |
1st-person plural | gjǫldumsk | guldumsk |
2nd-person plural | gjaldizk | gulduzk |
3rd-person plural | gjaldask | guldusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | gjǫldumk | gildumk |
2nd-person singular | gjaldisk | gildisk |
3rd-person singular | gjaldisk | gildisk |
1st-person plural | gjaldimsk | gildimsk |
2nd-person plural | gjaldizk | gildizk |
3rd-person plural | gjaldisk | gildisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | gjalzk | |
1st-person plural | gjǫldumsk | |
2nd-person plural | gjaldizk |
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- Icelandic: gjalda
- Faroese: gjalda
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gjelda; (dialectal) galda, gjedla, gjelja
- Norwegian Bokmål: gjelde
- Old Swedish: giælda, gialda, giælla, gælla
- Old Danish: gialdæ
- Danish: gælde
References
edit- “gjalda”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese verbs
- Faroese strong verbs
- fo:Finance
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/alta
- Rhymes:Icelandic/alta/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic class 3 strong verbs
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeldʰ-
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse ditransitive verbs
- Old Norse terms with usage examples
- Old Norse class 3 strong verbs