civil
English
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English cyvyl, civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editcivil (comparative more civil or civiler, superlative most civil or civilest)
- (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
- She went into civil service because she wanted to help the people.
- 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXI, page 35:
- A third is wroth: ‘Is this an hour
For private sorrow’s barren song,
When more and more the people throng
The chairs and thrones of civil power?’
- (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner; avoiding displays of hostility.
- Antonyms: anti-civil, impolite, inconsiderate, noncivil, rude
- It was very civil of him to stop the argument.
- They despise each other, but they are always civil in public.
- (archaic) In a peaceful and well-ordered state.
- 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
- Herein thou haſt done good ſeruice to thy country:
VVere all inhumaine ſlaues ſo ſerued as he,
England would be ciuill, and from all ſuch dealings free.
- (law) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.
- a civil case
- Secular.
- 1680, A Practical Discourse of Regeneration:
- As if our Saviour had said, No man can enter into heaven except he be born again; so as he speaketh not only of notorious Sinners, as Adulterers, Drunkards, Swearers, & c. but of all who are in their natural condition, tho' they live never so unblameably, free from scandalous sins, if they be not born again, their civil Righteousness will do them little good, for they shall never see the Kingdom of God.
- 2008, Jerald Finney, God Betrayed, →ISBN, page 174:
- The word from which "evil" in Romans 13.4 is translated means "generally opposed to civil goodness or virtue, in a commonwealth, and not to spiritual good, or religion, in the church.
- 2013, John Calvin, Calvin's Complete Commentary, Volume 7: Acts to Ephesians:
- Some grammarians explain this passage as referring to a civil sanctity, in respect of the children being reckoned legitimate, but in this respect the condition of unbelievers is in no degree worse.
Derived terms
edit- civil action
- civil aviation
- civil celebrant
- civil code
- civil court
- civil day
- civil death
- civil defence
- civil defense
- civil disobedience
- civil enforcement officer
- civil engineer
- civil engineering
- civilian
- civilise
- civilish
- civilist
- civility
- civilize
- civil law
- civil law notary
- civil libertarian
- civil liberties
- civil liberty
- civil list
- civilly
- civil marriage
- civilness
- civilogue
- civil parish
- civil partner
- civil partnership
- civil power
- civil procedure
- civil registry
- civil rightist
- civil rights
- civil rights movement
- civil servant
- civil service
- civil-service
- civil society
- civil suit
- civil time
- civil tongue
- civil trial
- civil twilight
- civil union
- civil violation
- civil war
- civil wrong
- civil year
- Common-Civil-Calendar-and-Time Calendar
- keep a civil tongue
- keep a civil tongue in one's head
- keep a civil tongue in one's mouth
- minor civil division
- overcivil
- put a civil tongue in one's head
- put a civil tongue in one's mouth
- ultracivil
- uncivil
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- → Japanese: シビル (shibiru)
Translations
edit
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
References
edit- “civil”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- civil in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- “civil”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams
editAsturian
editEtymology
editAdjective
editcivil (epicene, plural civiles)
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- "civil" in Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana
Catalan
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editcivil m or f (masculine and feminine plural civils)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editNoun
editcivil m or f by sense (plural civils)
- a member of the guàrdia civil
Noun
editcivil m (plural civils)
- (colloquial) a preserved sardine
- Synonym: arengada
Further reading
edit- “civil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Chinese
editEtymology
editFrom clipping of English civil engineering.
Pronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: si1 fou2
- Yale: sī fóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: si1 fou2
- Guangdong Romanization: xi1 fou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː⁵⁵ fou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
editcivil
References
editCzech
editPronunciation
editNoun
editcivil m anim
Declension
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
editDanish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editcivil
Inflection
editInflection of civil | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Indefinte common singular | civil | — | —2 |
Indefinite neuter singular | civilt | — | —2 |
Plural | civile | — | —2 |
Definite attributive1 | civile | — | — |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Derived terms
edit- civiladministration
- civilarbejder
- civilbefolkning
- civilcourage
- civildommer
- civiletat
- civilforsvar
- civilforsvarsleder
- civilgarde
- civilgardist
- civilhortonom
- civilingeniør
- civilisation
- civilisationskritik
- civilisationssygdom
- civilisatorisk
- civilisere
- civiliseret
- civilisering
- civilist
- civilklædt
- civilkurage
- civilliste
- civilperson
- civilret
- civilretlig
- civilretslig
- civilsamfund
- civilstand
- civilundervisning
- civiløkonom
French
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editcivil (feminine civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- Turkish: sivil
Noun
editcivil m (plural civils, feminine civile)
Further reading
edit- “civil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin cīvīlis.
Adjective
editcivil m or f (plural civís)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “civil”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
Hungarian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from German Zivil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”).[1]
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editcivil (not comparable)
- civilian (not related to the military, police or other governmental professions)
- Synonym: polgári
- civil szervezet ― non-governmental organization
- polgárháború ― civil war
Declension
editInflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | civil | civilek |
accusative | civilt | civileket |
dative | civilnek | civileknek |
instrumental | civillel | civilekkel |
causal-final | civilért | civilekért |
translative | civillé | civilekké |
terminative | civilig | civilekig |
essive-formal | civilként | civilekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | civilben | civilekben |
superessive | civilen | civileken |
adessive | civilnél | civileknél |
illative | civilbe | civilekbe |
sublative | civilre | civilekre |
allative | civilhez | civilekhez |
elative | civilből | civilekből |
delative | civilről | civilekről |
ablative | civiltől | civilektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
civilé | civileké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
civiléi | civilekéi |
Noun
editcivil (plural civilek)
- civilian (a person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | civil | civilek |
accusative | civilt | civileket |
dative | civilnek | civileknek |
instrumental | civillel | civilekkel |
causal-final | civilért | civilekért |
translative | civillé | civilekké |
terminative | civilig | civilekig |
essive-formal | civilként | civilekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | civilben | civilekben |
superessive | civilen | civileken |
adessive | civilnél | civileknél |
illative | civilbe | civilekbe |
sublative | civilre | civilekre |
allative | civilhez | civilekhez |
elative | civilből | civilekből |
delative | civilről | civilekről |
ablative | civiltől | civilektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
civilé | civileké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
civiléi | civilekéi |
Possessive forms of civil | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | civilem | civileim, civiljeim |
2nd person sing. | civiled | civileid, civiljeid |
3rd person sing. | civile, civilje | civilei, civiljei |
1st person plural | civilünk | civileink, civiljeink |
2nd person plural | civiletek | civileitek, civiljeitek |
3rd person plural | civilük, civiljük | civileik, civiljeik |
References
edit- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Further reading
edit- civil in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- civil in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
Interlingua
editAdjective
editcivil (not comparable)
Norman
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”).
Adjective
editcivil m
Derived terms
editOccitan
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editcivil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas)
Derived terms
editPortuguese
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Doublet of cível.
Pronunciation
edit
Adjective
editcivil m or f (plural civis)
- civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy)
- Se não quiser levar um tiro, use roupas civis. ― If you don’t want to be shot, use civilian clothing.
- civic (relating to citizens)
- (law) relating to civil law
- occurring between the inhabitants of the same country
- Guerra civil. ― Civil war.
- civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner)
- Synonyms: civilizado, cortês, educado, polido
- Antonyms: deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante, feio
- Seja mais civil e pare de criticar as pessoas. ― Be more civil and stop criticising people.
Derived terms
editNoun
editcivil m or f by sense (plural civis)
- civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “civil”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
- “civil”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
- “civil” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “civil”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
- “civil”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
- “civil”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Romanian
editAlternative forms
edit- țivil — archaic and popular
Etymology
editBorrowed from French civil, Latin cīvīlis.
Adjective
editcivil m or n (feminine singular civilă, masculine plural civili, feminine and neuter plural civile)
Declension
editNoun
editcivil m (plural civili)
Declension
editRelated terms
editSerbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from German Zivil, from French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“civic, civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”).
Noun
editcìvīl m (Cyrillic spelling цѝвӣл)
- civilian (not related to the military armed forces)
Declension
editSpanish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil, civic”), from cīvis (“citizen”).
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): (Spain) /θiˈbil/ [θiˈβ̞il]
- IPA(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /siˈbil/ [siˈβ̞il]
Audio (Latin America): (file) - Rhymes: -il
- Syllabification: ci‧vil
- Homophone: (Latin America) sibil
Adjective
editcivil m or f (masculine and feminine plural civiles, superlative civilísimo)
- civil (all senses)
Derived terms
edit- aviación civil
- casarse por lo civil
- civilizar
- civilmente
- código civil
- de civil
- derecho civil
- desobediencia civil
- estado civil
- fiscal de lo civil
- guardia civil
- guerra civil
- libertades civiles
- matrimonio civil
- muerte civil
- posesión civil
- proceso civil
- registro civil
- servicio civil
- sociedad civil
- tribunal civil
- unión civil
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “civil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
editEtymology
editAdjective
editcivil
- civil, civilian; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside religion or team-based activities, such as a professional sports team
- (nominalized, chiefly in the plural) a civilian
- två civila
- two civilians
Declension
editInflection of civil | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | civil | — | — |
Neuter singular | civilt | — | — |
Plural | civila | — | — |
Masculine plural3 | civile | — | — |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | civile | — | — |
All | civila | — | — |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Derived terms
edit- civilperson (“civilian”)
- civilstånd (“marital status”)
References
edit- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɪvəl
- Rhymes:English/ɪvəl/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- en:Peace
- English terms with archaic senses
- en:Law
- en:Personality
- Asturian terms borrowed from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian adjectives
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan adjectives
- Catalan epicene adjectives
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Catalan feminine nouns
- Catalan nouns with multiple genders
- Catalan masculine and feminine nouns by sense
- Catalan colloquialisms
- ca:Food and drink
- ca:Occupations
- ca:Personality
- ca:Politics
- Cantonese terms derived from English
- Chinese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms written in foreign scripts
- Hong Kong Cantonese
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech animate nouns
- Czech informal terms
- Czech masculine animate nouns
- Czech hard masculine animate nouns
- Danish terms borrowed from Latin
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish adjectives
- Danish terms spelled with C
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with homophones
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French adjectives
- fr:Politics
- French literary terms
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:People
- fr:Personality
- Galician terms borrowed from Latin
- Galician learned borrowings from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician adjectives
- Hungarian terms borrowed from German
- Hungarian terms derived from German
- Hungarian terms derived from Latin
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/il
- Rhymes:Hungarian/il/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian adjectives
- Hungarian uncomparable adjectives
- Hungarian terms with collocations
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian nouns with two ways to form the possessive
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua adjectives
- Norman terms borrowed from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norman lemmas
- Norman adjectives
- Jersey Norman
- Occitan terms borrowed from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio pronunciation
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan adjectives
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese doublets
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Rhymes:Portuguese/il
- Rhymes:Portuguese/il/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/iw
- Rhymes:Portuguese/iw/2 syllables
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese adjectives
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- pt:Law
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Portuguese nouns with multiple genders
- Portuguese masculine and feminine nouns by sense
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms borrowed from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from German
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from French
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Latin
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/il
- Rhymes:Spanish/il/2 syllables
- Spanish terms with homophones
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish adjectives
- Spanish epicene adjectives
- Swedish terms borrowed from Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Latin
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish adjectives
- Swedish nominalized adjectives
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish uncomparable adjectives